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Unit 2 Growing pains一、阅读理解A new study has found the amount of antibiotics given to farm animals is expected to increase by twothirds over the next 15 years. Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to rising demand for meat, milk and eggs. The researchers warn the drugs could quicken the development of antibioticsresistant (耐抗生素的)infections. Such infections are already a major public health concern in the United States. Experts say when people stop living in poverty, the first thing they want to do is eat better,rather than earn more money. For most people, that means their diet should contain more meat. Increasing prosperity in Asia has meant people there are eating nearly four times as much meat, milk and dairy products as they did 50 years ago. To meet that demand, farms have put many animals into smaller spaces. As the animals are crowded together, often the easiest way to deal with some of the problems of crowding is to give them antibiotics. Its clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in a crowded environment and grow faster. But bacteria can develop resistance to the drugs gradually, and the antibiotics-resistant bacteria can spread to people. Doctors find that antibiotics that once worked against the infections no longer do. The bacteria have learned ways to fight the medicine. Doctors say the heavy use of antibiotics in animals is one of several reasons for the growth of antibiotic resistance worldwide. In the United States, at least two million people get drug-resistant infections each year. At least 23,000 die from an infection. Ramanan Laxminarayan heads the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy. He says the problem is expected to get worse. He believes the use of antibiotics in animals will soon increase sharply. He says that will not be good for human health. He and other researchers wrote a report on the study, which was published in the Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences. They used data from the United Nations that tell how and where livestock(牲畜) are raised today. They then predicted how such production would change by 2030. Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth. And she adds the United States is hoping to persuade farmers to stop using antibiotics for that purpose.1.What is the passage mainly about?A.How to keep farm animals healthy.B.The abuse of antibiotics in human beings.C.A new way of raising farm animals.D.The disadvantages of using antibiotics.2.From he passage, we can infer that using antibiotics too often in farm animals _.A.will lead to animals being less activeB.causes animals to get infected more easilyC.makes antibiotic-resistant bacteria spread to peopleD.has a negative effect on the growth of animals3.What accounts for the increasing amount of antibiotics given to farm animals?A.The increasing need for meat.B.The need for eating diversely.C.The less effective antibiotics.D.The limited farm technology.4.How will the use of antibiotics in animals according to Ramanan Laxminarayan?A.It will soon stop rising.B.It will soon increase sharply.C.It will soon rise steadily.D.It will soon increase slowly.参考答案： 1.D; 2.C; 3.A; 4.B解析： 1.纵观全文便知,文章主要介绍了人们使用抗生素来饲养家畜带来的缺点。如第一段:The researchers warn the drugs could quicken the development of antibioticsresistant (耐抗生素的)infections. Such infections are already a major public health concern in the United States和第五段等可得答案。2.推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句:But bacteria can develop resistance to the drugs gradually , and the antibioticsresistant bacteria can spread to people可得答案。3.事实判断题。根据第一段:Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to rising demand for meat, milk and eggs和第二段:Experts say when people stop living in poverty, the first thing they want to do is eat better, rather than earn more money. For most people, that means their diet should contain more meat.二、单项填空1.Everything from greeting to eating can be an opportunity to do the wrong thing, and not only embarrass yourself, but _ your host.A. frighten B. upset C. tease D. blame【答案】B【解析】frighten使惊吓；upset使不安；tease嘲笑，取笑；blame责备，谴责。句意：从问候到吃饭你随时都有可能会出错，这不仅会让自己很尴尬，而且还让主人很不安。2.He deserves _ such a great honor for his excellent work.A. to give B. give C. to be given D. being given 【答案】C【解析】deserve to be given应该得到，to be given在此为不定式的被动式。句意：他工作出色，应该得到如此高的荣誉。3.Though staying up late may not _ you, you will not be full of energy the next day.A. hurt B. harmC. destroy D. damage【答案】B【解析】hurt指肉体或精神上的伤害；harm 指抽象、无形的伤害；destroy毁掉；damage指物体受到损伤，从句意可知，题干指的是无形的伤害，所以用harm。句意：尽管熬夜也许对你没有什么伤害，但是第二天你精力就不够充沛了。4.She has waited for the guest for two hours and reached the _ of her patience.A. limit B. topC. point D. need【答案】A【解析】句意：她等那位客人两个小时了，达到了忍耐的极限。limit极限，符合句意。top顶部；point点；need必要。5.Jack, look at what you have done. You are supposed _ your job by now. Sorry, Miss Lee. Ill hurry up. A. to finishB. finishingC. to have finishedD. having finished【答案】C6.When I arrived, I called her, but only her friend _ at my hotel. She was ill in bed. A. pulled offB. set offC. turned upD. broke up【答案】C【解析】句意：我到的时候，给她打了电话，但是只有她的朋友出现在了我住的宾馆，她卧病在床。根据句意可知选turn up“出现，露面”。7.All present were shocked by what the little girl _ when she was cheated and sold to the mountain village. A. went over B. went through C. got along with D. got away【答案】B【解析】go over复习，仔细检查；go through经历，通过，完成，检查；get along with和相处；get away逃离。句意：所有在场的人都被小女孩被欺骗并卖入山村所遭遇的经历震惊了。8.A teachers devotion to education _ great respect of the whole public because it brings benefits to the development of society.A. reserve B. preserveC. observe D. deserve【答案】D8.He insisted what he did _ right and the man who had spoken ill of him _. A. was, be punishedB. be, was punishedC. was, was punishedD. be, be punished【答案】A【解析】insist作“坚持说(认为)”解时，后面的从句用陈述语气；作“坚决要求(主张)”解时，从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用(should)do。句意：他坚持说他做的事是对的，坚决要求处罚说他坏话的人。09.Our leader _ bright flashlights so we would not scare away the night creatures we hoped to find.A. forbade B. shone C. removed D. collected【答案】A【解析】forbade (forbid的过去式)禁止，阻止，阻碍，妨碍；shone照耀，发光，(shine的过去式和过去分词)反射光，表现突出；removed(remove的过去式)去除，开除，脱去(衣服等)；collected收集 (collect的过去式和过去分词)。句意：为了我们不至于吓跑我们希望找到夜间的生物，我们的领队不让我们使用手电筒。故选A。11.Do you like the place of interest? On the contrary, its the _ place that I want to visit. A. worstB. lastC. bestD. latest【答案】B【解析】句意：“你喜欢这处名胜吗? ”“恰恰相反，这是我最不想来的地方。”这里last作“最不可能”的意义解释。12.He warns you to _ his daughter when he _.A.stay out of, stays up B. get away from, stays behindC.stay away from, stays out D.take away from, stays in【答案】C【解析】stay away from离开，不接近；stay out待在户外，不在家；句意：他警告你在他不在家时，你要离他女儿远远的。13.Drought continues to annoy many parts of China, with tens of thousands _ water shortages and millions of others _.A. suffering, affecting B. suffering, affectedC. suffered, affected D. to suffer, affecting【答案】B【解析】考查with复合结构中的非谓语动词形式。suffer和tens of thousands 构成主动关系，故使用现在分词形式；affect和millions of others构成被动关系，故使用过去分词形式。句意：干旱继续困扰中国的许多地方，成千上万的人忍受着缺水之苦，还有数百万人受到了影响。14.I feel like _ for a walk. Will you go with me?If Mary goes, _.A. to go, I also B. to go, so do IC. going, so will I D. going, so do I【答案】C【解析】第一空表示“想要去散步”，用feel like doing sth.；第二空表示“如果Mary去，那么我也去”，表示与前一情况相同，且为肯定句时，用so助动词/系动词/情态动词主语(代词的主格)，而且条件从句用现在时，主句多用一般将来时。15.The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising _ we fall. A. now thatB. every timeC. the first timeD. the last time【答案】B【解析】句意：人生中最大的荣耀不在于从未失败过，而在于每一次跌倒后都能爬起来。除now that(既然, 由于)引导原因状语从句外，其余三个名词短语都可引导时间状语从句。根据句意可知选B项every time(每一次)。16.Watkins believes having pandas in Detroit would create an atmosphere _ Americans can learn more about China. A. whereB. whenC. whichD. what【答案】A17.The year of 2016 is the beginning of Chinas 13th Five Year Plan, _ ecological civilization is an important part.A. of which B. in whichC. for which D. on which【答案】A【解析】“介词which”引导非限制性定语从句，可用ecological civilization of which.表示，of表示从属关系。句意：2016年是第十三个五年计划的开局年，生态文明是该计划的一个重要组成部分。18.Many young people, most _ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【答案】C三、完形填空Jake Olson lost his left eye when he was eight months old because of a born cancer. 1 it was controlled through treatments，it reappeared and 2 the loss of his right eye.But after years of cheering for his favorite football team，Jake has 3 the impossible dream.Hes now a part of the team，despite his total 4 ，playing the game not based on sight but on 5 Being a 6 fan of the USC Trojans，one of Jakes last 7 before he lost his eye was to watch the team play at Notre Dame.His strong liking for the sport didnt go 8 former USC coach Pete reached the boy，inviting him to meet the 9 Inspired by those players，Jake hoped to be 10 in his schools football team.At first he didnt think he would be of any real 11 ，but when he heard peoples cheers for football players，his love for football strengthened.So Jake 12 the coach，asking to join the team.The coach told him to 13 the next season.So Jake spent his time practicing hard. 14 ，he became a starter on the team in the next season.Having made his high school football team，it didnt seem too 15 to do the same in college.Coach Steve agreed that Jake 16 the requirements of the team.So Jakes dream came true. 17 football，Jake is also a motivational speaker.“I went into football with the thought that I had nothing to 18 ，” Jake said.“I really had no fear.Going through 19 in life does make you stronger.Lifes unfair，but its 20 me not to give up and keep fighting.”【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。Jake Olson双目失明，但这并没有阻止他对运动的热爱。他是高中和大学橄榄球队的队员，并且他还是一位励志演讲人。1A.UnlessBThoughCOnly ifDNow thatB解析：根据下文的“it was controlled through treatments，it reappeared.”可知，此处指尽管(Though)经过治疗，癌症被控制住了，但是它还是复发了，并导致(led to)Jake Olson失去了他的右眼。主从句之间存在让步关系，故选Though。2A.backed offBheld backCbroke downDled toD解析：参见上题解析。back off“退缩，退却”；hold back“抑制，阻止”；break down“出故障，崩溃”。3A.forgottenBquittedCrealizedDignoredC解析：但是，在为他最喜欢的橄榄球队加油多年之后，Jake实现了(realized)那个不可能的梦。下文中的“Jakes dream came true”亦是提示。forget“忘记”；quit“放弃”；ignore“忽视”。4A.blindnessBabsenceCdeafnessDinnocenceA解析：根据上文中的“lost his left eye”“the loss of his right eye”可知，此处指尽管Jake双目失明(blindness)，但他现在成了球队的一员。absence“缺席”；deafness“聋”；innocence“清白”。5A.abilityBguessCfeelDimaginationC解析：根据上文提到的Jake双目失明的内容可知，此处指的应是他打球靠的不是视力而是感觉(feel)。ability“能力”；guess“猜测”；imagination“想象”。6A.responsibleBfaithfulCcarefulDtemporaryB解析：根据语境及上文的“years of cheering for his favorite football team”可知，此处指作为USC Trojans球队的忠实粉丝，Jake在失去视力之前最后的愿望(wishes)之一是观看球队在Notre Dame的比赛。responsible“负责任的”；faithful“忠实的”；careful“细心的”；temporary“临时的”。7A.chancesBpromisesCcoursesDwishesD解析：参见上题解析。8A.unnoticedBunsolvedCunreportedDunlimitedA解析：根据下文的“former USC coach Pete reached the boy，inviting him to.”可知，此处指Jake对运动的热爱并不是不被注意的。unnoticed“未被注意的，被忽视的”；unsolved“未解决的”；unreported“未报道的”；unlimited“无限制的，无条件的”。9A.leadersBplayersCfansDcoachesB解析：根据语境及上文提到的Jake是球队的忠实粉丝以及想观看球队的比赛的内容可知，此处应是指教练Pete邀请Jake跟球员们(players)见面。下文中的“Inspired by those players”是关键的提示信息。10A.occupiedBinvolvedCtrappedDabsorbedB解析：受到那些球员们的鼓舞，Jake希望自己能加入学校的橄榄球队。be involved in是固定搭配，意为“参与，参加”。be occupied in“忙于”；be trapped in“被困在”；be absorbed in“全神贯注于”。11A.interestBhopeCuseDconcernC解析：此处指尽管Jake想加入学校的橄榄球队，但是因为自身有残疾，Jake最初觉得自己加入球队并不会有什么实际的用处(use)。12A.approachedBappreciatedCrecognizedDgreetedA解析：因此，Jake找了教练，请求加入球队。approach“靠近，接洽”；appreciate“感谢，欣赏”；recognize“认出，认可”；greet“问候”。13A.pull throughBset outCleave offDe backD解析：根据下文的“the next season.he became a starter on the team in the next season”可知，此处指教练叫Jake下个赛季再回来。pull through“痊愈，康复”；set out“动身踏上”；leave off“停止”；e back“回来，返回”。14A.GraduallyBFinallyCRecentlyDAccidentallyB解析：所以Jake花时间刻苦练习，最后，在下个赛季，他成了球队的上场球员。gradually“逐渐地”；finally“最后，终于”；recently“最近”；accidentally“偶然地，意外地”。15A.difficultBaccessibleCattractiveDnecessaryA解析：根据上文的“Having made his high school football team”可知，因为有了高中的球队经历，成为大学球队的队员似乎也不是太难。difficult“困难的”；accessible“可接近的”；attractive“吸引人的”；necessary“必要的”。16A.refreshedBpletedCsatisfiedDacquiredC解析：根据句中的“Coach Steve agreed”及下文中的“So Jakes dream came true.”可知，此处指教练Steve觉得Jake达到了球队的要求，因此Jake加入大学球队的梦想实现了。refresh“更新”；plete“完成”；satisfy“满足”；acquire“获得”。17A.Apart fromBInstead ofCRegardless ofDExcept forA解析：根据下文的“Jake is also a motivational speaker”可知，除了打橄榄球之外，Jake也是一位励志演讲人。apart from“除之外(还有)”；instead of“而不是”；regardless of“不管”；except for“除之外”。18A.shareBlose CofferDdesireB解析：根据语境及下文的“I really had no fear.”可知，此处指Jake起初是带着自己没有任何可失去(lose)的东西的想法开始打橄榄球的。19A.failuresBchallengesCpetitionsDfearsB解析：Jake身有残疾，所以要面对许多生活中的挑战(challenges)，而这也使他变得更加坚强。failure“失败”；petition“竞争”；fear“恐惧”。20A.warnedBbeggedCconvincedDtaughtD解析：根据上文内容可知，此处指的是生活是不公平的，但它教会Jake不要放弃，要坚持下去。warn“警告”；beg“乞求”；convince“说服”；teach“教”。四、短文改错Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards it may make a difference.I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In a beginning，I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid make mistakes. Before long my teacher got to know about my situation. He encouraged me to speak out that I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt discouraging，my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I must have avoided them. I also joined in an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice made perfect.Now I can talk fluent in English.Just as the saying goes，“Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes，and success is just waiting for us.【答案】Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards may make a difference.I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In beginning，I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid mistakes. Before long my teacher got to know about my situation. He encouraged me to speak out I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt ，my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I have avoided them. I also joined an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice perfect.Now I can talk in English.Just as the saying goes，“Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes，and success is just waiting for us.第一处：itthem。考查代词。根据语境可知，第二句中“towards”的宾语指代的是第一句的主语“Mistakes”，故用them。第二处：athe。考查冠词。根据前一句“I still remember how my spoken English was improved.”可知，该处特指上文中“提高英语口语水平”的开始，故用定冠词。第三处：makemaking。考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.为固定用法，意为“避免做某事”。第四处：thatwhat。考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知，该句为含有宾语从句的主从复合句，what既作宾语从句的引导词，也作从句中及物动词thought的宾语，而that在从句中不能作成分，故将that改为what。第五处：discouragingdiscouraged。考查形容词。根据从句主语I可知，该处应用discouraged形容人，意为“沮丧的”；discouraging形容事物，意为“令人沮丧的”。 第六处：mustcould。考查情态动词。根据语境可知，该句使用了虚拟语气，表示“过去本能够做却没有做”，故用could have done。第七处：删除in。考查固定搭配。该处指“参加英语俱乐部”，参加某个组织用join，而join in为固定搭配，意为“参加活动”，故删除in。第八处：mademakes。考查主谓一致和时态。句意：熟能生巧。该句为一般真理，故用一般现在时；该句主语为Practice，为不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式，故用makes。第九处：fluentfluently。考查副词。根据该句中的动词“talk”可知，此处修饰动词，故用副词形式。第十处：afraid前加be。考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，该句为祈使句，afraid为形容词，故afraid前加动词原形be。
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