2019高考英语一轮阅读理解巩固练8含解析.doc

2019高考英语一轮阅读理解巩固练（8）AIn its early history，Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this：A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street.Asked if he needs help, he replies，“No, thanks. Ive got a good horse under me.”The city planners decided to build an underground drainage(排水)system, but there simply wasnt enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city.An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the citys streets by as much as 12 feet.This of course created a new problem：dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago.Building owners were faced with a choice：either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level.Small woodframe buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel，which was a sixstory brick building?Thats where George Pullman came in.He had developed some housemoving skills successfully.To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel，Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews (螺旋千斤顶)beneath the buildings foundation.One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews.At Pullmans signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time，thereby raising the building slowly and evenly.Astonishingly，the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation，and many of its guests didnt even notice anything was happening.Some people like to say that every problem has a solution.But in Chicagos early history，every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem.Now that Chicagos waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the citys next step was to clean the polluted river.1. The author mentions the joke to show_ Ahorses were fairly useful in Chicago BChicagos streets were extremely muddy CChicago was very dangerous in the spring D. the Chicago people were particularly humorous2The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to_Aget rid of the street dirtBlower the Chicago RiverCfight against heavy floodsDbuild the pipes above ground3The underlined word“hoist”in Paragraph 4 means“_”Achange BliftCrepair Ddecorate4What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel?AIt went on smoothly as intended.BIt interrupted the business of the hotel.CIt involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews.DIt separated the building from its foundation.语篇解读：本文为说明文，题材为历史与建筑。在历史上芝加哥常常发洪水，这使得街道非常泥泞。城市规划者就这一问题采取了诸多措施。1解析：推理判断题。由第一段第一句可知在历史上芝加哥常常发洪水尤其是在春天，这使得街道非常泥泞以至于行人及马和马车陷入泥里。这一则笑话是用来说明芝加哥街道的泥泞的，故选B项。答案：B答案：D3解析：猜测词义题。由画线词后一句“Small woodframe buildings could be lifted fairly easily.”可知，hoist与lift为同义词，故B项正确。答案：B4解析：事实细节题。由倒数第二段内容可知A项正确。答案：ABSurviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)Natalie Doan,14,has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway,New York.Living just a few blocks from the beach,Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house.“Its the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.On October 29,2012,that ocean turned fierce.That night,Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast,and Rockaway was hit especially hard.Fortunately,Natalies family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the citys bridges closed.When they returned to Rockaway the next day,they found their neighborhood in ruins.Many of Natalies friends had lost their homes and were living far away.All around her,people were suffering,especially the elderly.Natalies school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.In the following few days,the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys.Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild.Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.“My mom tells me that I cant control what happens to me,”Natalie says,“but I can always choose how I deal with it.”Natalies choice was to help.She created a website page,matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick,who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down.Within days,Patricks collection was replaced.In the ing months,her website page helped lots of kids:Christopher,who received a new basketball;Charlie,who got a new keyboard.Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway.Her efforts made her a famous person.Last April,she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.Today,the scars(创痕) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway,but hope is in the air.The streets are clear,and many homes have been rebuilt.“I cant imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,”Natalie declares.“My neighborhood will be back,even stronger than before.”1.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane,she found .A.some friends had lost their livesB.her neighborhood was destroyedC.her school had moved to BrooklynD.the elderly were free from suffering2.According to Paragraph 4,who inspired Natalie most?A.The people helping Rockaway rebuild.B.The people trapped in high-rise buildings.C.The volunteers donating money to survivors.D.Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.3.How did Natalie help the survivors?A.She gave her toys to other kids.B.She took care of younger children.C.She called on the White House to help.D.She built an information sharing platform.4.What does the story intend to tell us?A.Little people can make a big difference.B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.C.East or west,home is best.D.Technology is power.1.B细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,Natalie第二天回到家时,发现她们的居住区已变成一片废墟。2.A细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“.the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.”可知,帮助洛克威重建的人们使Natalie最受鼓舞。3.D细节理解题。根据第七段第一句可知,她建立了一个网站,将需要帮助的幸存者和想要帮助灾民的捐赠者进行匹配。故选D项(她建立了一个信息共享平台)。4.A主旨大意题。Natalie作为一个年仅14岁的小女孩,在飓风桑迪席卷家乡后,通过建立网站匹配需求者与捐赠者,使得许许多多需要帮助的人得到了帮助。本文彰显了在灾难面前,小人物也可以大有作为的真理。故选A项。B项意为“患难见真情”;C项意为“金窝银窝,不如自己的狗窝”;D项意为“技术就是力量”;均不符合文意。C阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。India has a very vast history and heritage(遗产). The country has witnessed some of the most important events in the past and every event has an effect of its own on the culture, religion, lifestyle, and economy of the country. This is one of the leading reasons why tourists prefer India to travel and explore. Historical tours in India provide everything that a traveler expects from his/her journey. These historical tours give an opportunity to study and explore Indian history.Historical tours of India generally consisted of four phases: ancient, medieval(中世纪的), modern India and contemporary（当代的）India. Some of the historical travel packages are:Forts and PalacesThe rich cultural past of India is reflected in the countless forts（堡垒）and palaces across the country. Most of the forts were constructed as a defense device to keep the enemy away and palaces were made on the names of the kings and queens. Some of the famous forts and palaces are: Agra Fort (Agra), Fatehpur Sikri (Agra), Hawa Mahal (Jaipur), Amber Fort (Jaipur), City Palace (Jaipur), Gwalior Fort (Gwalior), Mysore Palace (Mysore), Red Fort (Delhi), etc.India Heritage ToursThe main purpose of India Heritage tours is to make Indians as well as tourists familiar with the rich Indian legacy(遗产). The heritage of the country is at least 5000 years. Some of the heritage tours are: medieval heritage, Rajput heritage, Golden Triangle, splendid Gujarat, etc.South India Historical ToursThe Southern India is known for its diversity and there are many places, whic(景区) in South India include Goa, Cochin, Kerala, Munnar, Periyar, Kottayam and the list goes on and on.1The main purpose of this passage is .A. to report some important events in the history of IndiaB. to introduce some tours that can explore the history of IndiaC. to help study the culture and history of IndiaD. to tell us how to explore the history of India2Many tourists prefer to travel to and explore because .A. modern India has little to studyB. Indian people have an interesting lifestyleC. its culture is greatly influenced by its historyD. Indias history is longer than that of any other country3Most forts were built in order to .A. honor the kings B. act as a palace for queensC. keep enemies away D. attract tourists4According to the passage, Rajput heritage .A. is a famous fort in IndiaB. is one of the heritages in IndiaC. has a history of no more than 200 yearsD. lies in South India试题分析：文章主要向读者介绍了印度历史文化之旅。印度有着丰富的历史文化遗产，过去发生的事件对印度的文化、宗教、生活方式和经济都有着很深远的影响。1写作意图题。根据第一段“These historical tours give an opportunity to study and explore Indian history.”和第二段“Some of the historical travel packages are:”可知，文章主要介绍了一些与印度的历史有关的旅游项目，故选B。2细节理解题。根据第一段“every event has an effect of its own on the culture, religion, lifestyle, and economy of the country. This is one of the leading reasons why tourists prefer India to travel and explore.”可知，过去发生的事件对印度的文化、宗教、生活方式和经济等产生了影响，这是人们喜欢到印度旅游的主要原因，故选C。3细节理解题。根据第三段“Most of the forts were constructed as a defense device to keep the enemy away”可知，建造碉堡的目的是为了抵御敌人入侵，故选C。4细节理解题。倒数第二段主要介绍的是印度的文化遗产，Rajput heritage是遗产之一，而不是碉堡，排除A；根据“The heritage of the country is at least 5000 years.”排除C；倒数第二段未提到印度南部，排除D；根据倒数第二段“Some of the heritage tours are: medieval heritage, Rajput heritage, Golden Triangle”可知，Rajput heritage是印度文化遗产游中的一个旅游项目，故选B。考点：广告类短文阅读D(2017江西重点中学盟校第二次联考)School of Cinema and Performing ArtsIt offers two two-week sessions and one three-week session during the summer.Your teen can participate in the filmmaking,acting,dance,photography programs.He will work with professionals who will teach him the latest technology through hands-on experience.Tuition includes day trips to amusement parks and other Los Angeles tourism sites.Housing and food can be arranged in dorms for an additional fee.Address:1600 Campus Road,Los AngelesTel:800-718-2787ID Tech Camps at UCLAIt offers puter and gaming related camps at the UCLA campus.Teens can join in day camps,overnight camps or weekend gaming camps.Your teen will use the latest technology available to learn video game design,web design and puter programming.Overnight campers will stay in the college dorms.Address:405 Hilgard Ave,Los AngelesTel:888-709-8324Summer Discovery at UCLAIt offers three or six weeks residential camps at the UCLA campus.Three-week courses can include academic or art classes for enrichment purposes.In this summer camp,your teen will get a taste of what to expect when she enters college.She can choose from sports management,business management,healthy lifestyle programs,ESL-TOEFL programs and more.Address:405 Hilgard Ave,Los AngelesTel:516-621-3939Power Chord AcademyIt offers a seven-day course that caters(迎合)to residential or day teens,as well as a three-day course.Teens will meet a touring band,learn technical aspects about the music industry and being a musician in current times,write songs,perform concerts,make a music video,record a CD and meet a touring band.No experience or musical background is necessary.Address:7336 Santa Monica Blvd,Los AngelesTel:800-897-66771.From the first paragraph,we can learn School of Cinema and Performing Arts .A.is devoted to healthy lifestyle programsB.provides free meals for its teen campers at weekendsC.requests the professionals to teach its teen campers the quickest methodsD.gives its campers a chance to do filmmaking and acting by themselves2.Which number will you dial if you want to bee a businessman in future?A.800-718-2787.B.516-621-3939.C.888-709-8324.D.800-897-6677.3.What do the four camps have in mon?A.All of them provide acmodation.B.They lie on the same business area.C.Teens can go to amusement parks for free.D.They have latest technology during each session.1.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Your teen can participate in the filmmaking,acting,dance,photography programs.”可知,你的孩子可参与到电影制作、表演、跳舞、拍摄工程中。结合选项分析可知应选D项。2.B细节理解题。根据第三部分中的“She can choose from sports management,business management,healthy lifestyle programs,ESL-TOEFL program and more.”可知应选B项。3.A整体把握题。根据文中“Housing and food can be arranged in dorms for an additional fee.”及“Overnight campers will stay in the college dorm”等语句可知,四个露营均提供住宿。故选A项。E They say if you love your job, youll never work a day in your life. We say if you travel for work, youll never have a boring mute(上下班往返) a day in your life. If the typical 9-to-5 isnt working for you, here are some options that will pay you to travel. No matter your current skill set, you can probably do it somewhere else.Represent abroad The State Department is actively hiring Foreign Service Officers, and its probably easier than you think to bee one. Youll have to a lot of tests, but if you pass, youll spend the next years of your life working around the world. A Junior Foreign Service Officer starts at $71,000 a year. Teaching English as a Second Language abroad is one of the best ways to deepen understanding of another culture. Theres no need to be a certified English teacher in order to go abroad. In this program in China, soon-to-be teachers go abroad to obtain their Teaching English as a Foreign Language(TEFL) certifications. A beginning teacher in China will earn $2,500 for working six months, plus room and board. A cruise ship is a floating village. Therefore, any job that you could have in a village you could have onboard a ship-even auctioneering(做拍卖师). Carnival is hiring an art auctioneer to work aboard a luxury cruise ship. The only qualifications necessary are a college degree and public speaking skills. Goinggoingsold.Write the rails Writers can reimagine themselves as rail-surfing Jack Kerouacs, crossing the country and writing from coast to coast on the Amtrak Writers Residency. The application process consists of two questions, as well as the opportunity to provide up to a 20-page writing sample. Amtrak will select 24 writers to participate in the program with the help from a panel of judges. Although the project wont replace a full-time job, its really a fun opportunity. The application period for 2016 has closed, but applications will reopen in the fall.1. Which job requires a college degree?A. Representing abroad B. Teaching English in ChinaC. Selling art on the seas D. Writing the rails2. The advertisement is intended for .A. those who are tired of their present jobsB. those who want to have a job with travelingC. those who just graduate from universityD. those who want to go on vacation abroad3. What may Jack Kerouacs be?A. Director of the Amtrak Writers ResidencyB. A sportsman devoted to rail-surfingC. An applicant of the programD. A famous writer【语篇解读】这则广告是为那些想要在旅行中工作的人，推荐了一些职位。1. C【解析】细节理解题。由Carnival is hiring an art auctioneer to work aboard a luxury cruise ship. The only qualifications necessary are a college degree and public speaking skills. Goinggoingsold.可知在海上卖艺术品要求大学学历，选C。3. D【解析】细节理解题。由Writers can reimagine themselves as rail-surfing Jack Kerouacs, crossing the country and writing from coast to coast on the Amtrak Writers Residency.可知Jack Kerouacs可能是一位著名作家，选D。