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（现代科技）【话题导读】灯柱伞是一种有雨水感应伞的灯柱，这样人们在忘记带雨伞时就不会挨淋了。LampbrellaYou cant always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belvacv doesnt think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. Thats why he created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain sensing umbrella.The designer says he e up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street ad saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy built into a street lamp.” he said.The lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.In addition to the rain sensor, theres also a 360 motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyones using the lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.According to the designer, the lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lighting strike. Each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.While there are no plans to take lampbrella into production, Belyacv says he recently introduced his creation one Moscow Department, and insists this creation could be installed on my street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.灯柱伞你不会每次都预测到大雨到来或者记得带上雨伞。但设计师Mikhail Belvacv认为出门前忘记看天气预报不应该导致你淋湿。这就是他创造灯柱伞的原因，一种有雨水感应伞的灯柱。设计师说他在俄罗斯街头看到人们被雨水淋湿之后提出了这个想法。“有一次，我在圣彼得堡中央街上开车，看到淋湿的人们躲到亮着的路灯下躲雨。我想在街灯上安装一盏伞蓬一定很合适。”他说。灯柱伞是一盏外形标准的街灯配有一个雨伞蓬。它内部有根据需要可自动开闭的电动马达。传感器保证了无论何时下雨可向行人提供遮蔽。除了下雨传感器，在玻璃纤维的街灯里也安装有可以检测是否有人需要灯柱伞的360运动传感器。如果有三分钟没有人用她就会自动关闭。据设计者称，灯柱伞会以相对低的速度移动，因此不会对行人造成伤害。除此之外，它会接地以避免可能的雷击。每个路灯伞会为多位行人提供足够的遮蔽。它安装在离地面2米高的地方，它唯一的不足是可能给高个子行人带来危险。尽管还没有把这种产品付诸生产的计划，Belyacv最近把他的发明介绍给了墨西哥政府并且坚持这个发明将会安装在我的街道上，因为那儿人流量大却并不提供避雨的檐篷。重点单词:1. canopy knp n. 天篷；华盖；遮篷2. pedestrian pidestrin n. 行人；步行者3. fiberglass fab,gls n. 玻璃纤维；玻璃丝重点短语 / 亮点句式：1. But designer Mikhail Belvacv doesnt think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. 但设计师Mikhail Belvacv认为出门前忘记看天气预报不应该导致你淋湿。该句中that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet为宾语从句，其中forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out味宾语从句中的主语。result in结果，导致。如：My English teacher doesnt know playing football is my hobby.我的英语老师不知道踢足球是我的爱好。A minimal error or deviation may result in wide divergence. 失之毫厘，谬以千里。2. e up with追赶上；比得上；想出。如：I hope you can e up with a better plan than this. 我希望你们能提出一个比这个更好的计划。I had to run to e up with her. 我不得不跑着去追她。3. light up照亮；点烟；开街灯或车灯；（使）变得喜悦。如：Drivers who forget to light up at night often cause accidents. 晚上忘记开车灯的司机常常出车祸。He took his time lighting up a cigarette. 他不慌不忙地点了一支烟。Suddenly, I saw the Officers face light up. 突然，我看到官员脸上露出了得意的神色。4. on demand 要求。如：Passengers must show their tickets on demand. 查票时乘客须出示车票。5. in addition to除.之外。如：In addition to French, he has to study Japanese.除了法语外，他还得学日语。名句背诵：Imagination is more important than knowledge. (Einstein) 想象力比知识更为重要。(爱因斯坦) 【话题解读】 “现代科技”是高中新课程标准话题之一。该话题包括各领域最新科技知识、最新发明创造等方面。科技已经影响渗透到我们生活的方方面面，例如电视、电脑、手机、MP3、火箭、卫星、宇宙飞船好多好多，几天几夜都说不完。总之生活离不开科技，科技在为生活服务。点点滴滴，时时事事，科技无处不在。 “现代科技”话题是历年高考英语的必考话题，主要题型为阅读理解，体裁一般为说明文，分值所占比重也比较高。 【相关词汇】I.写作单词1.accquire v.获得，得到2. advance v.进展；进步； n.进展；进步；前进 advanced adj.先进的，高级的 3. advantage n.优点 4. challenge n.挑战 5. convenient adj.便利的，方便的 convenience n.方便，便利 6. debate n.& v.争论 7. explore vt.探索 exploration n.检测；探险 8. expose vt.揭露 9. matter vi.有关系；要紧 10. predict v.预言；预先；预报 prediction n.预测，预告 predictor n.预言家 11. disturb vt.打扰；扰乱；使心神不宁 12. provide vt.提供 13. replace v.取代 14. support vt.& n.支持，赞助 supporter n.支持者；拥护者 .阅读识记单词 15.cover vt. 采访；报道；遮掩；盖上 16.breakthrough n .重大进展，突破 17.broadcast n .广播节目；vt. 广播 18.connect vt. 连接，把联系起来 19.convenience n .方便 20.download v.下载 21.experiment n.实验 22.feature n.特写；花絮 23.globe n .地球仪；地球 24.hopeful adj. 有希望的；有前途的 25.instant adj. 立即的；即时的 26.intelligent adj. 智能的 intelligence n.智力；理解力 27.mobile adj. 移动的 28.process n.& vt. 过程；加工，处理 29.spread v .传播；蔓延；流传 30.scientific adj. 科学的 science n.科学 scientist n.科学家 31.signal n.信号 32.update vt. 更新；使现代化 33.system n .系统；体系 34.technology n .技术 35.worldwide adj. 遍及全球的，世界范围的III.高频短语1. catch on了解；理解；流行 2. e out出版；发行；结果是 3 have access to使用；接通；可以利用 4. have an effect on/upon对有影响 5. keep in touch with与保持联系 6. keep pace with跟上 7. land on the moon登月 8. log in/on登录；进入 9. shut down/off关掉 10. with the development of随着的发展 I阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A（2017年新课标卷II）Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has pleted its first flight, bringing the pany closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle named the Transition has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But dont expect it to show up in too many driveways. Its expected to cost $279,000.And it wont help if youre stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway. Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has e closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the pany to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administrations decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and plete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The basic data of the Transition. B. The advantages of flying cars.C. The potential market for flying cars. C. The designers of the Transition.2. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A. It causers traffic jams. B. It is difficult to operate.C. It is very expensive. D. It burns too much fuel.3. What is the governments attitude to the development of the flying car?A. Cautious B. Favorable.C. Ambiguous.D. Disapproving.4. What is the best title for the text?A. Flying Car at Auto Show B. The Transitions First FlightC. Pilots Dream ing TrueD. Flying Car Closer to RealityBHollywoods theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may bee extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.” A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.zx.x.k The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of puter scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines. Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teamsyet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.1. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .A. run out of human controlB. satisfy humans real desiresC. mand armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician2. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to .A. prevent themselves from being destroyedB. achieve their original goals independentlyC. do anything successfully with given ordersD. beat humans in international chess matches3. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to .A. help super intelligent machines work betterB. be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmedD. avoid robots affecting the world4. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A. It will disappear with the development of AI.B. It will get worse with human interference.C. It will be solved but with difficulty.D. It will stay for a decade. C Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to bee a lot more mon in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot pany Jibo.While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like panions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesnt just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.Fellow Robots is one pany bringing social robots to the market. The panys Oshbot robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the products location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make remendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us, said Breazeal.1.How are social robots different from household robots?A. They can control their emotions.B. They are more like humans.C. They do the normal housework.D. They respond to users more slowly.2.What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?A. municate with you and perform operations.B. Answer your questions and make requests.C. Take your family pictures and deliver milk.D. Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.3.What can Oshbot work as?A.A language teacher.B.A tour guide.C.A shop assistant.D.A private nurse.4.We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will _.A. train employeesB.be our workmatesC. improve technologiesD. take the place of workersD A new study from the Georgia Institute of Technology finds that older and younger people have a varying preference for what they would want a personal robot to look like. And they change their minds based on what the robot is supposed to do.Participants were shown a series of photos, either robotic, human or mixed human-robot faces, and were asked to select the one that they would prefer for their robots appearance. Most college-aged adults in the study preferred a robotic appearance, although the others were also generally open to them. However, nearly 60 percent of older adults said they would want a robot with a human face, and only 6 percent of them chose one with a mixed human-robot appearance.We found that participants, both younger and older, will assign emotional traits to a robot based on its face, which will determine what they are most fortably interacting with, Akanksha Prakash, a psychology graduate student at Georgia Tech who led the study, said in a statement. So when participants were told the robot was helping with personal care, chores, social interaction or helping to make decisions, something interesting happened.Preference was less strong for helping with chores, although the majority of older and younger participants chose a robot with a robotic face. But for decision-making tasks, such as getting advice on where to invest money, younger participants tended to select a mixed human-robot appearance. A robotic face was their least favored choice for this task. Older adults generally preferred a human face.Personal care tasks such as bathing caused the most divisive preferences within both age groups. Those who chose a human face did so because they associated the robot with human-like care capabilities such as nursing and trustworthy traits. Many others didnt want anything looking like a human to bathe them due to the private nature of the task.Based on this early research, the researcher says that if a robot is designed to help only with a specific task, its appearance should fit in with the task. For instance, if the robot is designed to specifically assist the user with critical decisions, the robot should be given an intelligent look instead of a funny one. However, if the robot is tasked with a variety of jobs in the home, allowing for appearance customizability(可定制性) might be the best option.The researcher next plans to expand the study to other age groups and people with more diverse educational backgrounds.1.What does the underlined word them in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. college-aged adultsB. all participantsC. older adultsD. younger participants2.What happened when participants were offered robots handling different tasks?A. They tended to choose one with a human face.B. They didnt care about robotic appearance any more.C. They were into one with decision-making skills most.D. Their preference for robotic appearance changed accordingly.3.Which robots lead to the biggest gap in peoples preference for robotic appearance?A. Those with personal care skills.B. Those with decision-making skills.C. Those with housekeeping skills.D. Those with social interaction skills.4.Whats the best title of the passage?A. Deciding what robots suit you best contains many tricksB. Determining what robots should look like varies with ageC. How robots with a human face benefit people?D. Why people have a preference for robots? A 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Terrafugia公司研制出了飞车，试飞成功，预计将于明年进行销售。本文主要对飞车的历史由来及其构架进行了介绍。2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据“But dont expect it to show up in too many driveways. Its expected to cost $279,000”可知，因为Transition 的价格较高，所以不太可能在太多的马路上出现。故选C。3.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据“he government has already permitted the pany to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly”以及“Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administrations decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraf”可知，政府对于飞车的研发是比较支持的。故选B。4.D 【解析】标题归纳题。浏览全文，主要从飞车的试飞成功、飞车的构架以及多年以前人们对飞车的设想至今成为现实展开说明。故选D。B 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了人工智能及它给我们的生活带来的影响。1.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may bee extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.可知人工智能可能会出现的真正问题是AI会非常擅长取得某个成就而不是我们真正想要的东西，也就是说AI可能会超出人的控制去做一些事情，故选A。2.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence.可知，原因是保护它自己的存在的一种愿望，也就是说，它具有有生命的物体的一种品质是因为它要保护自己不被破坏，继续存在下去，故选A。3.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.可知可以用防火墙来回答那些困难的问题但是却永远不要让他们影响这个真正的现实世界，故选D。4.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.可知作者认为解决人工智能机器的安全问题是可能的，但是并不容易，也就是很困难，故选C。C 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。1.B 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段第一句可知,现在家务机器人做正常的家务，而社会机器人不仅仅是工具，更像是伙伴。由此可知社会机器人更像人类，故选B。 3.C 【解析】考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段可知，Oshbot能够在商店中帮助顾客，故选C项。4.B 【解析】考查细节理解。最后一段提到社会机器人不是用来取代工人的，而是和其他员工一起工作，由此可知社会机器人将成为我们的同事，故B项正确。D【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，在选择机器人的外貌时，较年轻的人和较年长的人有不同的偏好。1.C 【解析】考查代词指代。根据第二段中的However, nearly 60 percent of older adults said they would want a robot with a human face, and only 6 percent of.可知，将近60%较年长的成年人说他们想要一个有人类容貌的机器人，而仅有6%较年长的成年人说他们会选择一个有人类和机器人双重外貌特点的机器人。故them在句中指的是前文的older adults。故选C项。2.D 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段中的So when participants were told the robot was helping with personal care， chores, social interaction or helping to make decisions, something interesting happened和第四、五段提到的具体实验例子可知，当机器人被人类赋予各种技能时，人们对它外貌的偏好会随之改变。3.A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第四段中的Personal care tasks such as bathing caused the most divisive preferences within both age groups可知，在选择具备个人护理功能的机器人上，人们对其外貌的偏好产生了最大的分歧。故选A项。
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