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专题04 Body language【高频单词】1represent (vt.) 代表；象征representative (adj.) 有代表性的 (n.) 代表；典型2adult (n.) 成人；成年人 (adj.) 成人的；成熟的3function (n.) 作用；功能；职能 (vi.) 起作用；运转4ease (n.) 安逸；舒适 (vt.) 减轻(痛苦、忧虑)5false (adj.) 错误的；假的6rank (n.) 等级；军衔7dash (vi.) 猛冲；突进8approach (vt.&vi.) 接近；靠近；走近 (n.) 接近；方法；途径9association (n.) 社团；联系；联想associate (vt.) 把联系起来10curious (adj.) 好奇的curiously (adv.) 好奇地curiosity (n.) 好奇；好奇心11defend (vt.) 保护；保卫defence (n.) 防御；保卫defensive(adj.)防御性的12major (adj.) 主要的majority (n.) 大多数；大部分13misunderstand (vt.) 误解；误会misunderstanding (n.) 误解；误会misunderstood (过去式/过去分词)14spoken (adj.) 口语的unspoken (反义词) (adj.)未说出口的；非口语的15truly (adv.) 真实地；真诚地；真正地true (adj.) 真实的truth (n.) 事实；真理16statement (n.) 陈述；说明state (vt.) 声明；陈述state (n.) 状态；州；国家17simply (adv.) 简单地；只simple (adj.) 简单的；朴素的simplify (vt.) 简化18anger (n.) 怒气；怒火angry (adj.) 生气的angrily (adv.) 愤怒地；生气地19greet(vi.&vt.) 迎接；问候greeting (n.) 迎接；问候；招呼20subjective (adj.) 主观的subject (n.) 学科；主观事物objective (反义词) (adj.) 客观的21facial (adj.) 面部的face (n.) 脸；面部【重点短语】1defend._against防御；保卫以免受2be_likely_to 很可能；有希望3in_general 总的来说；通常4at_ease 舒适；快活；自由自在5lose_face 丢脸6turn_ones_back_to 背对7in_defence 防御；保卫8on_the_contrary 相反9be_nervous_about 对感到紧张10in_most_cases 在大多数情况下【热点句型】1特殊疑问词插入语疑问句剩余部分？What Do_you_think (你认为) is the purpose of language? 2动词不定式作后置定语The_first_person_to_arrive (第一个到达的人) was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. 3not all.表示部分否定Not_all_cultures_greet_each_other_the_same_way (各种文化背景下的人互致问候的方式不尽相同), nor are they fortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. 4.(sb./sth.) be likely to do sth.(某人或某物)可能做某事However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are_more_likely_to_touch (很可能接触) them. 高频考点一 单词例1、representvt.代表；象征；表现；描写；描绘；声称Yesterday, another student and I，representing our universitys student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this years international students.(P26)昨天，我和另一个学生代表我们大学的学生会，到首都国际机场迎接今年的国际学生。【归纳拓展】【语境助记】You might represent_each_letter with a number, for example. Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26.你可以使用数字来代表每个字母，例如，让我们把字母表中的字母按顺序从1排到26。He was picked out from the whole class to_represent_them to the other school.他被挑选出来作为全班同学的代表，到另一所学校去。He represented_himself_as/to_be an officer.他自称是一名军官。The chairman represented the importance of the bill to the audience.主席向听众说明法案的重要性。The association is sending representatives to the conference.该协会将派代表出席大会。【易混辨析】represent用来表示“代表某人/某个团体/政府等”、“某种标志代表”、“某物(书、雕塑等)表现的是”和“把某人/物描绘成”on behalf of只能用作状语，表示“代表/代替某人”stand for往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表/象征”选词填空(represent/on behalf of/stand for)aHe accepted the invitation on_behalf_of the whole class.bThe letter A can stand_for several sounds in English.cHe was chosen to represent our school at the meeting.例2、curiousadj.好奇的Julie was curious to find out more, so after talking with her parents that evening, she booked a flight to South America.朱莉想了解更多，所以那晚与父母交谈之后订了去南美的航班。【归纳拓展】(1)be curious about 对感到好奇Be curious to_do sth. 渴望做某事(2)curiosity n. 好奇心out_of curiosity 出于好奇meet/satisfy ones curiosity 满足某人的好奇心with curiositycuriously 好奇地【语境助记】In high school, I became curious_about the puter, and built my first website.在高中时，我对电脑感到好奇，并且建立了我的第一个网站。Im curious to_know what has happened to him.我想知道他发生了什么事。The little boy, out_of_curiosity,_took the radio set apart.这个小男孩出于好奇把收音机给拆了。It is good to be_curious_about the world around you because I think curiosity is the best teacher.对你周围的世界感到好奇是件好事，因为我认为好奇心是最好的老师。3.approachvt.& vi.接近；靠近；走近n接近；方法；途径Tony approached Julia，touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek！托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，并亲了一下她的脸颊！【归纳拓展】 (1)at the approach of 在快要来临的时候an approach to (doing) sth. 做某事的方法(2)approach sth./sb. 接近，靠近某物/某人with.approaching 随着的临近【名师点睛】(1)approach表示“接近；靠近”时，为不可数名词；表示“处理、对待的方法、途径”时，为可数名词，其后常与to搭配。(2)表示“(做)事情的方法”的搭配有：the approach to (doing) sth.the way to do/of (doing) sth.the means of (doing) sth.the method of (doing) sth.(3)注意以下不同的介词搭配：with this method/in this way/by this means。【语境助记】Approaching the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.他们靠近那辆车，看见一个妇女正努力从破损的窗户向外爬。The time for graduation is_approaching.毕业的日子即将来临。They took a more reasonable approach_to_teaching_their_children,_conveying to them how success at school could improve their lives.他们采取一种更合理的方法教育他们的孩子，向他们传达在学校成功是如何改善他们的生活的。Many kinds of birds fly south at_the_approach_of winter.冬季来临之时，许多种鸟往南方飞。例4、defendvt.保护；保卫defence n防御；保卫She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.(P26)她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在自卫。【归纳拓展】(1)defend sb./sth. from/against sb./sth. 保护某人/某物免受某人/某物的伤害defend oneself against sth. 为自己辩护(2)in defence(of.) 为了保卫()in sb.s/sth.s defence 为某人/某物辩护；在某人/某物的保护下【语境助记】They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.他们帮助身体对抗某种感染。Their duty is to defend_the_country_against its enemies.他们的职责是保卫国家不受敌人的侵袭。It is said that the murderer has employed a famous lawyer to_defend_himself.据说那个杀人犯聘请了一位著名的律师为他辩护。All the people, men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in_defence_of their own homes.所有的人，无论男女老幼，都与洪水作斗争，保卫自己的家园。【易混辨析】defend着重指用武力抵御攻击和侵犯protect指采取一定措施，使用某些器具以保护人或物免遭损害，使用范围广泛guard强调通过看守警戒，以确保安全用defend, protect, guard的正确形式填空aThe sergeant told Swift to guard the entrance to the building.bWe must protect the children from harm.cWe shall defend our country, whatever cost may be.高频考点二 短语例1、be likely to 很可能；有希望 However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.(P26)不过，来自像西班牙、意大利或南美等国家的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且很可能(用身体)接触对方。【归纳拓展】(1)sb./sth. be likely to_do sth. 某人/某物可能做某事It is likely to do sth. 做某事是可能的。It is likely that. 做是可能的。(主语从句)Not likely! 不可能！(2)unlikely adj. 不太可能的【语境助记】If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely to_bring your work home.如果你在办公室之外发现了你喜欢做的事情，你就不大可能把工作带回家。People with startup fatigue are most likely to_delay tasks.在开始阶段有疲惫感的人们很有可能会推迟任务。You are likely to_suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.It_is_likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.如果你继续吸烟，很有可能会健康状况不佳。Its pretty unlikely that theyll turn up nowits nearly ten oclock.他们现在不大可能来了都快10点了。易混辨析likely指从外表、迹象上进行判断有可能发生。既可以用人也可以用物作主语It is likely that.或sb./sth. is likely to.possible指客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味。不能用人作主语It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.或 It is possible that.probableprobable的可能性比possible大，表示“很可能，十有八九”。也不能以人作主语Its probable that.不能用Its probable for sb. to do这一结构例2、in general 总的来说；通常In general，though，studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in todays world of cultural crossroads！但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能够帮助我们避免交往中的困难！【归纳拓展】(1)general knowledge 常识as a general rule 一般而言；通常(2)generally adv. 一般地；通常地generally speaking 通常来说；总的来说(在句中作插入语)(3)on the whole 总的来说in a wordin shortin briefall in allin general【语境助记】In_general,_they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.总的来说，她们会比男性多活六、七年。Generally speaking, parents care more about their childrens health than about their own.一般来说，父母关心孩子的健康胜过关心自己的健康。As a general rule, the more expensive the puter is, the better it is.一般来说，电脑越贵越好。例3、lose face 丢脸；失面子There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone“loses face” and smiles to hide it.(P30)还有不愉快的微笑，比如说当某人“丢脸”时，他们用微笑来掩盖。【归纳拓展】(1)save ones face 挽回面子make a face 做个鬼脸(2)be faced with 面对(3)face_to_face 面对面in (the) face of 面对(问题、困难、危险等)【语境助记】Youd better make great efforts to achieve it, otherwise you will lose_face.你最好全力以赴去实现它，否则你会颜面尽失的。Ive never met her face_to_face. Weve only talked on the phone.我从来没有和她见过面。我们只在电话中交谈过。2016天津高考We should not lose heart in_face_of_difficulties. If we work hard, we will find a way out.在面对困难之时，我们不应该泄气，如果我们继续努力，我们就会找到出路。Rather than admit failure, Frank made_a_face in order to save_his_face.弗兰克为了保全面子，没有承认失败，而是做了个鬼脸。Faced_with_difficulties,_we never give up but try our best to find a way out.面对困难时，我们从不放弃而是努力寻找出路。例4、at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在 The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smileits function is to show happiness and put people at ease.微笑当然是最通用的面部表情，它的作用是表达快乐和安人心境。【归纳拓展】(1)with ease轻易地；毫不费力地feel/look at ease感到/看上去心情放松put sb. at ease使某人放松take ones ease休息；轻松一下(2)ease sb. of sth.减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)【语境助记】He didnt feel pletely at_ease in the strange surroundings.他在陌生的环境中感到不那么自在。When you feel nervous, youd better listen to some light music to_put_yourself_at_ease.当你感到紧张时，你最好听些轻音乐使自己放松下来。He passed the exam with_ease.他轻而易举地通过了考试。The medicine eased_him_of the pain.这药减轻了他的疼痛。高频考点三 句型The first person to_arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱丽娅史密斯。【归纳拓展】to arrive是不定式作后置定语。(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级，next, only, last等限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。(2)动词不定式作定语常用来修饰抽象名词，常见的有：ability, chance, ambition, offer, anxiety, answer, attempt, way等。(3)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具，不定式后面须加相应的介词。【语境助记】In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to_win the Nobel Peace Prize.在1931年，亚当斯成为美国第一位获得诺贝尔和平奖的女士。Zhang Mengxue was the first Chinese athlete to_win the gold medal in the 31th Olympic Games.张梦雪是在第31届奥运会上第一位获得金牌的中国运动员。This affects their nervous systems and ability to_produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failure and death.这影响了它们的神经系统和繁殖能力，还会导致肾衰竭和死亡。The ability to_express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。Mr Li bought a fortable flat to_live_in.李先生买了一套舒适的公寓住。高频考点四 语法动词ing形式作定语和状语一、动词的ing形式作定语1. 表示名词的属性、作用或用途。There is a swimming pool in our school.2. 表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态，相当于一个定语从句。The boy studying in the classroom is our monitor.(The boy who is studying in the classroom is our monitor.)3. 当分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语作定语，则放在该名词后。I was satisfied with the exciting speech.They lived in a house facing south.二、动词的ing形式作状语动词的ing形式在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随情况等。Turning around, I saw a car driving up.Not knowing his telephone number, I couldnt get in touch with him.Working hard, youll make great progress.The snow lasted a week, resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.He came running back to tell me the news.【2018全国III】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow ,life and death, and everything else in between._36_We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I cant imagine doing anything else with my life. Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. Teaching dance is wonderful. _37_Its great to watch them. For many of them, its a way of meeting people and having a social life._38_I can tell you about one young couple, says Bridges. “Theyre learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. _39_”So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says,“Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better._40_ I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me Im alive.A. So why do we dance?B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.C. If you like dancing outdoors, e to America.D. My older students say it makes them feel young.E. I keep practicing even When Im extremely tired.F. Dancing seems to change their feeling pletely.G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.【答案】36. B 37. D 38. A 39. F 40. E【解析】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了跳舞的好处。36. 根据后文We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time. 等可知，这里是说在美国到处有人跳舞，从佛罗里达到阿拉斯加，从北到南等，故选B。38. 根据第四段后句，是通过举例介绍人们跳舞的原因，故选A。39. 根据前句they arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile, 所以他们的心情彻底改变，故选F。40. 根据文章前后句可知，此处人称为第一人称，所以E符合语境，作者结合自己的跳舞经历介绍了跳舞给自己带来的好处。【2018浙江卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you bee an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood . the easiest way to acplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. _31_Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. _32_ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously,. When going for a walk. Take a small garbage bag. _33_ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area._34_ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there to help in any way this acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor._35_ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly bee a good neighbor that everyone appreciate.A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.E. Should you e across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.F. People tend to lake pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly【答案】31. G 32. F 33. E 34. B 35. C【解析】怎样成为一个邻居都喜欢的人，作者给了几点建议。32. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍和邻居关系融洽最重要的是保持干净整洁的户内户外环境，F项中keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. 保持街上的一切新鲜和诱人，与本段意思一致，故选F。33. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面貌，出门拿上一个垃圾袋，E项：遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。与上句连接，是拿垃圾袋的作用。故选E。34. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段是建议用邻居可以接受的方式帮助他们，同时尊重邻居的隐私。B项：好邻居就是喜欢在小的方面帮助别人的人，符合本段内容，故选B。35. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。最后一段是总结，只要我们考虑周到，尊重他人，照顾好属于自己的东西，为周围的人感到自豪，很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的好邻居。C项中considerate behavior是下文内容的概括，故选C。1.【2017新课标I】短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.【答案】短文改错 In the summer holiday following my birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, once I started the car, my mind blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the , “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “ left!” I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes , the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a stop just in the middle the road.【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在暑假期间考驾照第一天发生的故事。71. 【答案与解析】eighteen改为eighteenth 考查数词。在我十八岁生日后的那个暑假。eighteen意思为“十八，十八个”，表示数量， eighteenth表示“第十八个的”，故将eighteen改为eighteenth。73 【答案与解析】so改为but 考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白。所以前后文为转折关系。故将so改为but。74 【答案与解析】goes改为went 考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时，故将goes改为went。75 【答案与解析】word改为words 考查单复数。教练一直喊“加速”，“减速”，“左转”。 word的意思主要是“单词,消息”，words 可以表示为word的复数，表示某人说的话。这里指教练说的那些话，故将word改为words。77 【答案与解析】much去掉 考查固定句型。我如此紧张以至于无法分辨哪个方向是左。固定句型so.that表示“如此.以至于.”，much为多余成分。故将much去掉。78【答案与解析】 late改为later 考查副词。做形容词的时候，later是late的比较级，如：Their deadline is quite late. Ours is even later.（他们的截止日期很迟.我们的更迟.）做副词的时候，late是迟的意思，later是稍后、随后的意思。句意：几分钟之后。故将late改为later。79【答案与解析】 suddenly改为sudden 考查形容词。我紧急刹车。suddenly是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地”。 sudden为形容词，表示“突然的；迅速的”。a sudden stop表示“急刹车”。故将suddenly改为sudden。80【答案与解析】 on改为of 考查介词。分析语境可知作者表示“在路中间急刹车”，on the road表示“在路上”， the middle of the road表示“路的中央”，强调的是“the middle”。故将on改为of。
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