不定式详解及顺口溜.ppt

接不定式作宾语的动词顺口溜动词不定作宾语，期希渴欲承担起；愿望碰巧又出现，假装安排不拒绝；准备计划却失败，好像提供又犹豫；企图要把目标证，等待要求作选择。,同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心坚。agree(同意)；offer(提出)；intend，plan(打算，计划)；demand，ask(要求)；promise(答应)；help(帮忙)；prepare(准备)；decide(决定)；refuse(拒绝)；dare(敢于)；choose(选择)；wish，hope，want，expect(希望，想要)；fail；（不能；忘记）；pretend(假装)；manage(设法)；determine（决心）。,接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语的24个常用动词affordtodosth.负担得起做某事agreetodosth.同意做某事arrangetodosth.安排做某事asktodosth.要求做某事begtodosth.请求做某事caretodosth.想要做某事choosetodosth.决定做某事decidetodosth.决定做某事demandtodosth.要求做某事determinetodosth.决心做某事,expecttodosth.期待做某事feartodosth.害怕做某事helptodosth.帮助做某事hopetodosth.希望做某事learntodosth.学习做某事managetodosth.设法做某事offertodosth.主动提出做某事plantodosth.计划做某事preparetodosth.准备做某事pretendtodosth.假装做某事promisetodosth.答应做某事refusetodosth.拒绝做某事wanttodosth.想要做某事wishtodosth.希望做某事,注：有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式，不接动名词：aimtodosth.打算做某事failtodosth.未能做某事longtodosth.渴望做某事happentodosth.碰巧做某事hesitatetodosth.犹豫做某事struggletodosth.努力做某事,1)动词+不定式affordaimappearagreearrangeaskbedecidebothercarechoosecomedaredemanddesiredetermineexpectelectendeavorhopefailhappenhelphesitatelearnlongmeanmanageofferoughtplanpreparepretendpromiserefuseseemtendwaitwishundertake后直接加todosth作宾语举例：Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。,2）动词+不定式；动词+宾语+不定式ask,beg,choose,expect,hate,helpintendlike,love,needprefer,prepare,promise,want,wishIliketokeepeverythingtidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。Ilikeyoutokeepeverythingtidy.我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。IwanttospeaktoTom.我想和汤姆谈话。IwantyoutospeaktoTom.我想让你和汤姆谈话。,3）动词+疑问词+todecide,know,considerforget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tellPleaseshowushowtodothat.请演示给我们如何去做。Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcantmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。Thequestionishowtoputitintopractice.问题是怎样把它付诸实施。,非谓语动词考点总结,非谓语动词,动名词,分词,现在分词,过去分词,动词不定式,非谓语动词使用条件,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。,Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.,非谓语动词的句法功能,可充当成分:主语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语.,一、不定式,动词不定式（TheInfinitive）,一.动词不定式的基本构成：,由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成,肯定式：todosth否定式：nottodosth.被动式：tobedone完成式：tohavedone,二.动词不定式的句法作用法,动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。,不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前forsb.;to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。,不定式在七个感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,find,notice,listento,三个使役动词let,have,make等后作宾补时,to要省略,1.不定式作主语,Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither,(1)作主语,不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。,Toseeistobelieve,Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.,注：常用it做形式主语，将todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。,句型1：It+谓语+todo,Ittakesusanhour_gettherebybus.,句型2：Its+n.+todo,Itsourduty_helpthepoor.,Itisagreatenjoyment_spendourholidayinthemountains,句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.,Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth,（是形容人的品质的）,（是形容事物的性质的）,Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.,Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.Itsimpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.,Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.,youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.,2.不定式作宾语,Youneedntbothertocomeyourself.Theyareconsideringwhattodonext.Somewhowerefamousintheirowntimeswouldfinditdifficulttoachievesuccesstoday.,afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire,likelovehateprefer,+,tododoing,rememberforgetregret,+,tododoing,trymeanstopgoon,+,tododoing,seewatchlookathearlistentofeelnotice,+,sb.,+,dodoingdone,makelethave,sb.be,seenwatchedlookedatheardlistenedtofeltnoticed,+,todo,madelet,1.Ithinkyoullgrow_himwhenyouknowhimbetter.AlikingBtobelikeCtolikeDtobeliking,reachthepointorstageatwhichonedoesthespecifiedthing达到做某事的程度或地步:Hegrewincreasinglytorelyonher.他越来越依赖她了,2.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen,butImgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.AtobeheardBtobehearingCtohearDtohaveheard,3.不定式作表语,Whatshewantstodomostnowis(to)travelabroad.Themostimportantthingistotakemeasurestopreventthepollution.主语的内容或性质,HeistomarryRose.,表按计划要做的事情.,4.不定式作定语,Ineedapentowritewith.CharlesLindberghisthefirstmantoflytheAtlanticalone.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.,5.不定式作宾语补足语,Weoftenhearhersingthesongathome.Myteacheraskedmetogothereontime.Shewasconsideredtohavestolenthemoney.,see、watch、notice、hear、listento、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have,Myadvisorencouraged_asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake,6.不定式作目的状语,Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.Theathletespractisedhardtowinthematch.,相当于用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to引导的目的状语.,1.Helenhadtoshout_abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard2Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_intimeforChristmas.AinordertohavereceivedBinordertoreceiveCsoastobereceivedDsoastobereceiving,3._moreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.ATofindoutBFindingoutCFindoutDHavingfoundout4.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust_alookatthesportsstars.A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have,7.不定式作结果状语,常用enoughto，onlyto，so+形容词/副词+asto,such+名词astodo引导。Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.HeisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnightImnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.,1.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_thefilmstarshadleft.AtotellBtobetoldCtellingDtold2.Hehurriedtothestationonly_thatthetrainhadleft.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound,8.不定式作原因状语,常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后Iamhappytoseeyou.Shewassadtohearthebadnews.,9.不定式的完成式.,表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等动词常用于上面句型。,此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。Imsorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）,1.Youweresillynot_yourcar.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglocked2.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen,butImgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.AtobeheardBtobehearingCtohearDtohaveheard3.-IsBobstillperforming?-Imafraidnot.Heissaid_thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft,10.不定式的省略现象,不定式在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice,lookat,listento,overhear,observe和使役动词have,make,let后作宾语补足语时,不定式省略to。例Iwatchedhimdisappearinthedistance.介词but,except,后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词do,不定式要省去to。例Wedidnothingbut/exceptwaitthen.,不定式符号to作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行为动词do,作表语的不定式to可省略。例:WhatIwanttodonowisfindsomebookstoread.,1.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone2.Wevemissedthelastbus.Imafraidwehavenochoicebut_ataxi.A.totakeB.takingC.takeD.taken,11.不定式后动词的省略,动词love,mean,want,hate,like,wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及beglad(pleased,delighted,happy)to等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留to不定式符号。,1.-WouldyouliketogototheGreatTheatrewithmetonight.-_.A.Yes,IwouldliketogototheGreatTheaterwithyoutonight.B.Idloveto,butIhaveanexamtomorrow.C.No,IwouldntD.Thatsallright2.-DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGermany?-Yes,heintends_.A./B.toC.soD.that,句式wouldhavedone,shouldhavedone,oughttohavedone,neednthavedone,usedtobe等省略形式为wouldhave,shouldhave,oughttohave,neednthave,usedtobe,要保留不定式后的be或have。例-Areyouasailor?-No,butIusedtobe(asailor).,1.Heaskedmetohelphimrepairhisradio,butIdontknow_.todoitB.howtoC.whattodoitD.howtodo2.Hisvoicemademe_terrible.TofeelB.feelC.feelsD.felt3.Myparentstoldme_peoplewhentheyareintrouble.neverlaughatB.nottolaughatdontlaughatD.notlaughat4.Itsbadmanners_rudetopeople.tobeB.areC.beD.tobeing5.Itsinteresting_ustotakepartinthegames.A.ofB.toC.forD.at,6.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.AnotmakeBnottomakeCnotmakingDdonotmake7.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectCtobeexpectingDexpects8.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning9.Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone,二、动名词,充当成分:主语宾语表语定语,动名词（gerund）,一.动名词的基本构成,二.动名词的性质,动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：,1.动名词作主语,Seeingisbelieving.Playingchessisfun.Itsnousewaitinghere.,2.动名词作表语,Thenursesjobislookingafterthepatients.Thenurseislookingafterthepatients.,3.动名词作宾语,下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,canthelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit。Doyoumindmyopeningthewindows?,下列动词短语接动名词：leaveoff,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.devoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,befondof,beworth。IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.,4.动名词作定语,动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系.readingtextasleepingbagawalkingstick,IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.Sheregretnothavingstudiedthecomputerhard.Hisbeinglookeddownuponmadehimsick.Icantreallystandbeingtreatedlikethat.,5.动名词的时态和语态,五.动名词的复合结构,动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语1).物主代词/名词所有格+动名词在句中作主语:Maryscominglatemadeherteacherangry.Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Rosesgoingwontbeofmuchhelp.2).人称代词宾格/名词/物主代词+动名词在句中作宾语:Imsureofhimcomingontime.Hehasneverheardofawomanbeingapilot.IdontmindJack(him)going.Shehatesyoungpeople(them)smoking.Doyoumindmysmoking?Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?,1.Themaninsisted_ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding2.Itsnecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having,练习,3.Ireallycantunderstand_herlikethat.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldntrisk_thegoodopportunity.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost,三、分词,现在分词与过去分词.充当成分:宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语.,分词的时态和语态,构成（以study和go为例）,现在分词与过去分词的区别：,1.语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动,DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.,2.时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成,DevelopingcountryboilingwaterDevelopedcountryboiledwater,（一）现在分词,1.现在分词作状语,现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。,V-ing形式作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义,相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思.,Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.,Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.=Ashewasill,hedidntgotoschool.,Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheclassroom.（方式）,Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.,Thoughweighingalmostonehundredjin,theboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand.,Weweresittingbythewindow,talkingaboutwhathappenedyesterday.(伴随）,解析,1.当v-ing形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，需用havingdone2.v-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主语保持一致；否则必须带有自己的逻辑主语,=Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.,=Thoughitweighes,注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式havingdone。语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。,1._theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NotcompletingD.Nothavingcompleted,2Themanager,_itcleartousthathedidntagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.AwhohasmadeBhavingmadeCmadeDmaking3Thestormleft,_alotofdamagetothisarea.AcausedBtohavecausedCtocauseDhavingcaused,4_fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.ABeingseparatedBHavingseparatedCHavingbeenseparatedDTobeseparated,2.现在分词作定语,1.Thepicture_onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung,2ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures_inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed3.Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt,（二）过去分词,1.过去分词作状语,过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，用来说明原因、时间、条件等。,过去分词作状语,过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。,a、表示时间,Seenfromthespace,theearthlooksblue.,Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.,b、表示条件,Keptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.,Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.,c、表示原因,d、表示伴随情况,e、表示让步,Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.,Astheyweredeeplymoved,thechildrenbegantocry.,Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherlittledaughter.,Shewalkedoutofthehouse,andwasfollowedbyherlittledaughter.,Beatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.,Althoughhewasbeatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.,1_withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.ACompareBWhencomparingCComparingDWhencompared2._inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpoliceA.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing,2.过去分词作定语,1.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,_as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown,3.分词作宾补,1)跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch,haveget,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等2)在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。,Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldntmakehimselfheard.Whenheawoke,hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.,如:,1.Dontleavethewater_whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun2.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildrensactionsagainstthelawsgetparents.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry,3.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.Youvehadit_oftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained,非谓语动词的其他考点:,被动式：beingdone表示一个现在进行的完成动作。,1.Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.2.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.3.Asweapproachedthevillage,wesawnewhousesbeingputup.,完成式：havingdone所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。,Havingturnedofftheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.2.Nothavingreceivedhisfathersletter,hedecidedtomakeacalltohim.,1.主语一致,1.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,_.A.doctorscanetotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotourists,判断下列句子正误：,1.TolearnEnglishwell,alotofpracticemustbedone.2.Seeingfromthehill,thecityismorebeautiful.3.Heating,waterwillboil.4.Gettingthere,thedoorwasfoundopened.,判断句子正误并改正：,1,Beingill,hisclassmatesenthimtohospital.2.Togetthereintime,hetoldmetogetupearly.3,BrokenbyJim,Icantusethecup.,2Whilewatchingtelevision,_.AthedoorbellrangBthedoorbellringsCweheardthedoorbellringDweheardthedoorbellrings,1独立主格结构的形式：,（1）名词/代词+-ing分词及其短语,Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.,（2）名词/代词+-ed分词及其短语,Good-byesaid,wewenthome.Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.,（3）名词/代词+形容词及其短语,Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.,（4）名词/代词+不定式及其短语,Themoneytobepaidbythedriver,thepolicewentaway.Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.,（5）名词/代词+副词及其短语,Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.,（6）名词/代词+介词及其短语,Shestoodthere,bookinhand.Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.,3.由Therebeing+主语这种结构多表示原因。例如：,Therebeingalotofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。,4）with+名词/代词+形容词Dontspeakwithyourmouthfull.Theoncelowlyserfsnowwalkwithheadshigh.,5）with+名词/代词+-ing分词Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.Witheveryonesurroundinguswecancertainlysucceed.Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.,（6）with+名词/代词+-en分词Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.Hediedwithhislifesworkstillunfinished.Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.,（7）with+名词/代词+不定式Theyarehighlymechanizedfarms,withmachinerytodomostofthework.Thiswasaseveretest,withinnumerabledifficultiestobeovercome.Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.,1.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon2_andnowaytoreduceherpainandsufferingfromtheterribledisease,thepatientsoughtherdoctorshelptoendherlife.AHavinggivenuphopeofcureBWithnohopeforcureCTherebeinghopeforcureDInthehopeofcure,非谓语动词练习,