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从句,clause,名词性从句（substantiveclauses):主语从句subjectclause、宾语从句objectclause、表语从句predicativeclause、同位语从句appositiveclause.定语从句（attributiveclause):形容词性从句状语从句（adverbialclause):副词性从句（时间、地点、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步，方式等等）,1.IhavereachedapointinmylifewhereIamsupposedtomakedecisionofmyown.2.Ifoundthewalletwhereyouleftit.3.Shesangasshewalkedhomealltheway.4.Manypeople,asyouknow,arelearingforeignlanguages.5.Herhouse,whichwasbuiltahundredyearsago,stoodstillintheearthquake.6.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegameswastrue.7.Itwasobviousthatyouvemadeabigmistake.8.Hewilltalktousaboutwhathesawintheschool.9.Helooksasifhewasgoingtocry,引导词particle,1.引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which连接副词：when,where,how,why,2.引导定语从句的连接词关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as等关系副词：where,when,why等3.引导状语从句的连接词：)时间状语从句：when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since.)地点状语从句常用引导词：where,wherever,)原因状语从句：because=inthat,as)目的状语从句：sothat,inorderthat)结果状语从句：so.that,such.that)条件状语从句：if，unless）让步状语从句：though,although,evenif,eventhough,引导定语从句的关系副词关系副词,When=on(in,during)which,where=on(in,infrontof)which,Why=forwhich,如何选用定语从句的关系词1.首先分清主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的先行词3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。,1.who,whom,whose,that用法区别.,who作定语从句的主语或宾语.,Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.,whom作定语从句的宾语,Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.,that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语（可省略）.,Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.,Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.,whose作定语从句的定语.,Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.,2.which,that的用法,which作定语从句的主语或宾语（可省略）,Thisisatruckwhich/thatismadeinChina.,Ilikethebook(which/that)youboughtyesterday.,3.只能用that的情况,TomisthecleverestboythatIhaveeverknown.,ThisisthefirstplaythatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.,序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时,Ivereadallthebooksthatyoulendme.,先行词被every,some,no,all,any,little,much等修饰时。,Everythingthatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.,everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much等不定代词作先行词时,Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.,先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。,Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday.whoistheworkerthattooksomephotosofthefactory.主句已有who和which时只能用that,主句已有who或which时,Iveneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.,当先行词同时指人和物时,4.关系代词前有介词时(介词提前).指人只用whom,指物只用which,Thisistheboywithwhomhetalked.Thisistheringonwhichshespent1000dollars.,以when作为例子1.名词性从句Itremainsunknownwhentheyaregoingtogetmarried.(主语从句常用it做形式主语，而将主语从句置于句末）Theproblemiswhenwewillstart.Itsuptoyoudecidewhenwewillstart.Ihavenoideawhenhewillback.,2.状语从句JamespretendedtobedeafwhenIspoketohim.Iwasabouttoleavemyofficewhenthetelephonerang.Whenthewindblows,allthedoorsrattle.Comewhenyouareready.Shestoppedtrying,whenshemightsucceednexttime.,3.定语从句when引导定语从句表示时间，在定语从句中做状语，它的先行词是表示时间的名词如theday,thedays,thetime,theyear等1980wastheyearwhenhewasborn.IllneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedwithyou.,练习：1.TheEnglishplay_mystudentsactedattheNewYearspartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich2.Rosesneedspecialcare_theycanlivethroughwinter.A.becauseB.sothatC.evenifD.as3.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear，80%_aresoldabroad.A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat,4.Acomputercanonlydo_youhaveinstructedittodo.A.howB.afterC.whatD.when5._thiscompanyhasdoneseemstobeinagreementwithwhatthegovernmenthascalledfor.A.ThatB.HowC.WhetherD.What,6.Fortunatelywehadamap，without_wewouldhavegotlost.A.whichB.itC.thatD.what7.TheGreatWallisthelastplace_Mr.smithisgoingtovisitbeforeheleavesBeijing.A.whereB.whichC./D.what,8.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers，_hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that；whichB.when；whichC.which；thatD.when；who9.Idontliketheway_youspeaktoher.A./B.inthatC.whichD.ofwhich,10.Shespentthewholeeveningtalkingaboutthethingsandthepersons_noneofushaseverheardof.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that11.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it,
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