构词法(优质课件).ppt

Grammar,构词法(WordFormation),2012高考英语语法总复习,（优质课件）,Ifyoumeetthenewwordswhilereading,whatwillyoudo?,Itsnotalwaysnecessarytounderstandthemeaningofeveryword,justgoonreading!,Guessthemeaning!,How?,Whenwedealwiththeproblemsinreadingcomprehension,wecanuseWordFormationtohelpus,butthecontext(上下文，语境)isalsoveryimportant.,1.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonestperson.2.Whenthelittleboyfinished,hisfatherwasspeechless.3.Abad-lookingpickpocketstolemywallet,根据构词法猜词,首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律,其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-,im-,mis-,-less,-ness等。,dis+honest不诚实的,speech+less说不出话的,pick+pocket扒手,派生法（Derivation）,合成法(Compounding),转化法（Conversion）,缩略法（Abbreviation）,合成词Compound,pain-killer,止痛药,color-blind,色盲,sleep-walk,梦游,sleep-walker,二、合成法（Compounding）,highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted,把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。,合成词汇展厅,一.合成名词二.合成动词三.合成形容词四.合成副词五.合成代词,一.合成名词,例词,seafood;,名词代词名词,构成方式,greenhouse;,形容词名词,handwriting;,名词+动名词（V-ing）,waiting-room;,动名词+名词,pain-killer,名词+动词(er/or),pickpocket;,动词+名词,turn-off,动词+副词,output,副词动词,afternoon,介词副词名词,二.合成动词,构成方式.名词动词,overcome;,构成方式1副词动词,whitewash,构成方式形容词动词,sleepwalk;,三.合成形容词,副词过去分词,snow-white,名词+形容词,English-speaking,名词现在分词,man-made,构成方式,例词,high-class;,形容词名词,light-blue,形容词形容词,good-looking,形容词现在分词,warm-hearted,形容词名词+ed,second-hand,数词名词,hard-working,副词现在分词,well-known,副词过去分词,underground,介词名词,四.合成副词,however;,构成方式1副词副词,anywhere;whatever,构成方式1代词副词,downstairs;upstairs,构成方式3副词名词,anyway,形容词名词,五.合成代词,something;everything;nobody;someone;anybody,构成方式：some/any/no+thing/one/body,1)Thefirelastedabout4hoursbeforethe_couldcontrolit.2)Atschoolsheformedaclose_withseveralothergirls.3)Theydecidetospendtheirholidayatthe_.4)Heputonahatand_beforehewentout.5)Theyoftenperforminthestreetsforthe_.6)Imsureyouwillbe_soon.,passers-by,well-known,firefighters,friendship,seaside,overcoat,1.Makecompoundwordsafterthemodels.A:passer,well,sea,fire,over,friend,B:by,known,side,fighter,coat,ship,Model:part+time=part-time,2.Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.,Nevertroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.,转化法（Conversion）,Ithasagoodtaste.,Ittastesverygood.,hand,n.手,v.递送,wrong,adj.错误的,n.错的事,Wealwayswalkhandinhand.,Pleasehandmethebook.,Thereissomethingwrongwiththecar.,Hedidntknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.,clean,adj.干净,v.清扫,Pleasekeeptidyandclean.,Youhavetocleantheblackboardafterclass.,1.JimdreamsofbeingthebestfootballplayerinEngland.2.Pleasestophere,anditisthebusstop3.Thecoachwasquestioningtheteammembersabouttheirpracticeconditions4.Whosguardingthatbuilding?5.Thecarsloweddowntohalfitsspeed6.Dontusetoocoldwatertowaterflowers7.Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.,派生法Derivation,派生法,前缀,后缀,否定前缀,其他前缀,名词后缀,形容词后缀,副词后缀,动词后缀,否定前缀,其他前缀,加前缀：happy-_happy加后缀：develop-develop_既加前缀又加后缀：employ-_employ_,un,ment,un,ment,派生词（derivation）,1.派生词注意:前缀一般只改变词义,不改变词类;后缀一般只改变词类,不引起词义变化,Derivation:1)前缀:(1)dis-:disagree,dislike,disappear(2)in-(il-,im-,ir-):incorrect,impossible,irregular,(3)un-:unhappy,unable,unfit,(4)non-:nonstop,nonverbal(非语言的)(5)re-:rewrite,review,2)后缀:(1)构成名词：(2)构成形容词:(3)构成动词:(4)构成副词:(5)构成数词:,-er,-ese,-ist,-ian,-ment,-tion,-ness,-th.buyer,Chinese,socialist,musicianagreement,collection,illness,truth,-al,-an,-ful,-ing,-y,-lessnational,American,careful,exciting,cloudy,useless,-fy,-is(z)e:beautify,realize,-ly:badly,-teen,-ty,-ththirteen,sixty,twelfth,一、派生法（Derivation）,由词根(root)加前缀（prefix）或后缀（suffix）构成新词。,un-,dis-in-im-mis-non-,understandpolitesmokeragreefairvisible,trans-graphtele-super-co-vis-bio-sub-port-,carryseebelowlifetogether/withmorethanusualfaracrosswriting,Matchtheprefixorsuffixwiththemeaning.,Guessthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords1.Manycountriesimportmostoftheoiltheyuse.2.Hestudiedbiophysicsatcollege.3.Itisveryimportanttolearnhowtocooperatewithothers.4.Allyourluggagewillbetransportedtothedestinationbytrain.5.Mycousinhasanexcellentvoice.Herdreamistobecomeasuperstar.,进口,生命物理,合作,运输,明星,Isitdifficultforyoutogetupinthemorning?Doyousometimesoversleep?,1.over-:toomuch,overwork,overeat,abovesth;across,overcoat,overhead,Someimportantprefixes:,Thetrainsare_onFridayevenings.(crowded),overcrowded,Heenlargedhisvocabularybyreadingwidely.,2.en-动词前缀,enable,endanger,Readingcan_yourlife.(rich),enrich,Someimportantsuffixes:,-ment,-ion,-ness,-tion,-ful,-able,-less,-en等,sharpenapencil,strengthen,brighten,3.Writeouttheoriginalwords.,unchangeableadj._dislikev._impossibilityn._unfriendlyadj._overworkv._misunderstandingn._athleticadj._misreadv._translatorn._,change,like,possible,friend,look,understand,athlete,read,translate,II.构词法专练。给下列单词加上前缀dis-,un-,in-或im-,构成意思相反的词。1.agree_plete_3.healthy_4.important_5.able_6.cover_7.known_8.practical_9.tidy_10.perfect_11.visible_12.fit_,disagree,incomplete,unhealthy,unimportant,unable,discover/uncover,unknown,impractical,untidy,imperfect,invisible,unfit,Practice(II):,rain(形容词)_agree(反义)_nation(形容词)_farm(人)_recent(副词)_friend(形容词)_hope(形容词)_back(形容词)_visit(名词)_home(形容词)_eight(序数词)_true(名词)_America(形容词)_China(形容词)_,按括号内的要求改写下列单词,rainy,national,recently,hopeful,visitor,eighth,American,disagree,farmer,friendly,backwards,homeless,truth,Chinese,4.Fillthetablewiththedifferentformsofthewords.,admission,admissible,admissibly,imagination,imaginative,imaginatively,settlement,settled,equipment,equipped,attraction,attractive,attractively,correct,correction,incorrect,independent,depend,dependable,disable,disability,impossible,possible,possibility,wrong,mistaken,mistake,misunderstand,understand,undergraduate,graduate,graduation,n.,反义,独立的,词根,adj.,残疾的,n.,不可能的,n.,反义,n.,误解,词根,大学生,词根,n.,近义,反义,WordsBuilding,correct,n.,反义,独立的,词根,adj.,残疾的,n.,不可能的,n.,反义,n.,误解,词根,大学生,词根,n.,近义,反义,WordsBuilding,四、缩略法（Abbreviation）,DVVIPSOSWWW,DigitalVideo,VeryImportantPerson,SaveOurShip,WorldWideWeb,BTWBRBFTFICICQRUOKTHXTTUL,bythewayberightbackfacetofaceIseeIseeyou.我找你AreyouOK?thankstalktoyoulater,1.Hewasoneofthebest_inyesterdaysfootballmatch.(play)2.Look!How_Kateislaughing!(happy)3.Itsnowed_lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)4.Edisonwasagreat_.Duringhislifehehadmany_.(invent),players,happily,heavily,inventor,inventions,构词法精练,Usetheappropriateformofthewordstofillintheblanks.,5.Moreandmore_havecometovisitChinaovertheseyears.（foreign）6.Wewant_reasonsforyourfailuretohelp.(satisfy)7.Pleasegivemesomereferencework.Itwill_mytask.(simple)8.Theboyhadthe_ofbeinghalfstarved.(appear)9.Thepolicehave_aplotagainstthePresident.(cover)10.ThedoctorsaidthatMarysmotherneededan_.(operate),foreigners,satisfactory,simplify,appearance,uncovered,operation,11.Shehopedthathersonwouldbecomea_.(music)12.Few_wordsmadeusexcited.(speak)13.Thedaysonthemoongethotterthan_water.(boil)14.Thankyouforyour_.(kind)15.Manycollegestudentsworkwhiletheyarestudyingbecausetheywanttomakesomemoneyfortheircollege_.(expensive)16.Mostinternational_lettersarewritteninEnglish,too.(busy),musician,spoken,boiling,kindness,expenses,business,17.Theboynoticedan_mistakeonhispaper,buthedecidednottosayanythingaboutit.(correct)18.WheninRome,doasthe_do.(Rome)19.Theteacherwaspleasedwithher_.(honest)20.Themotherdidntknowwhyherdaughterwascrying_.(noise),uncorrected,Romans,honesty,noisily,单词记忆五决：一同义（近义）法二反义法三改头法四换尾法五形近法,一：同义法词-词search=词-短语=paynoattentionto短语-短语remindsbofsth=,seek,ignore,callup,二：反义法accept-telllies-lookdownupon-,refuse,honest,lookupto,三：改头法：pay-v.bay-n.day-n.hay-n.lay-v.may-v.ray-n.say-v.way-n.gay-adj.,四：换尾法：deaf-adj.dead-adj.deal-v.dean-n.dear-adj.,五：形近法：floor-flourabroad-aboardsoap-soupwonder-wanderattract-attackvacation-vocation,Useyourimagination,youllgetadifferentworld.,想象给生活插上翅膀，让我们在学习的天空中越飞越高！,