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句子1.句子成分：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语2.按交际功能分：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句3.按句子结构分：简单句、并列句、复合句,句子成分1：主语主语是一个句子所述说的主体。主语的位置一般在句首。英语中主语一般不省略。TheboycomesfromAmerica.名词作主语Heusuallywenttoschoolalone.代词作主语,StudyingEnglishisveryimportant.动名词短语作主语Toteachhimalessonseemsquitenecessary.不定式短语作主语Thathewontheprizeexcitedeveryone.主语从句作主语Itisimportantforustohaveourdreams.It作形式主语，tohaveourdreams不定式短语作真正的主语,句子成分1：主语,Itisobviousthathewaswrong.It作形式主语，thathewaswrong主语从句作真正的主语。8.Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.Itsnousedoingsth.做某事是没用的spillspiltspilt(使)洒出，溢出覆水难收。It作形式主语，cryingoverthespiltmilk动名词短语作真正的主语。,句子成分1：主语,Haveatry,TranslatethesentencesintoChinese.没什么是不可能的。Nothingisimpossible.(不定代词作主语)2.抱怨是没用的。Complainingisuseless.(动名词作主语）Itisnousecomplaining.(it作形式主语，complaining动名词作真正主语）,Haveatry,TranslatethesentencesintoChinese.3.怎么减少我们的压力是个问题。Howtoreduceourstressisaquestion.(主语从句作主语）我们立刻解决这个问题是件紧急的事。Itsurgentthatwesolvetheproblemrightnow.(it作形式主语，that引导主语从句）,Haveatry,TranslatethesentencesintoChinese.6.迎接新世纪的挑战很重要。Itsnecessaryforustomeetthechallengeofthenewcentury.(it作形式主语，不定式短语做真正主语）,1.我不做大哥好多年了。2.木屋烧烤是奥巴马的弟弟开的。3.你没有牵着女朋友走过财大的银杏大道真是遗憾。4.他弄清楚了他其实对过四级不感兴趣。5.重要的是我们应该密切注意他的健康情况。,句子成分2：谓语谓语说明主语的动作、状态或特征。谓语由动词或动词短语充当，或者由“系动词+表语”构成。谓语的位置一般出现在主语之后。动词分为：实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。1.实义动词为行为动词。它是表示动作或状态的动词，能单独做谓语。进一步可以分为及物动词(如believe,lend,make,win等）和不及物动词(如happen,sleep,work等）。,句子成分2：谓语2.系动词：系动词本身有意思，但不能单独做谓语，后面必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等。包括：be动词感官系动词：feel,look,smell,sound,taste等变化系动词：become,grow,turn,get,go持续性系动词：keep,remain,stay表“像”系动词：seem,appear,look终止性系动词：prove,turnout,句子成分2：谓语3.助动词：have,be,do等。助动词一般没有意义，不能单独做谓语。助动词的作用主要帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句。如：Heiswaitingforthebus.Hehasmadeuphismind.Doyouloveme?4.情态动词：can,could,may,might,must,should,need,haveto,oughtto,dare等,句子成分2：谓语练习：Hisparentsareteachers.系动词+表语2.Thesunrisesintheeast.实义动词（不及物动词）Wehavefinishedreadingthebook.助动词+动词过去分词,句子成分2：谓语练习：4.Yououghttoworkharder.情态动词+动词原形Ifeltcold.系动词+表语6.Hedoesntlikemusic.助动词+动词原形,句子成分3：宾语宾语是动词的动作对象。一般由名词、宾格代词，或相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当（包括不定式、动名词还有宾语从句）。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语。IwillgraduatefromLTP.介词+宾语Ilikecoffee.动词+宾语ImafraidthatIwillfailtheexam.形容词+宾语,句子成分3：宾语练习：Hehasnevermetherinperson.宾格代词Shehandedhimabook.him宾格代词作间接宾语，abook名词作直接宾语。Helikestoplaybasketball.不定式短语作宾语,句子成分3：宾语练习：Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.动名词短语作宾语Shesaidthatshefeltsick.宾语从句作宾语Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.名词化的形容词作宾语又如：theold,theyoung,句子成分3：宾语练习：Ifinditimpossibletobelieveheranylonger.it作形式宾语，不定式短语作真正的宾语Weconsideritnogoodgettinguplate.it作形式宾语，动名词短语作真正的宾语Theybelieveditstrangethatheshouldhavedonethat.it作形式宾语，宾语从句作真正的宾语,Haveatry,TranslatethesentencesintoChinese.我觉得游泳令我感到轻松。Ifindswimmingveryrelaxing.(动名词作宾语）2.我觉得学英语很重要。IthinkthatlearningEnglishisimportant.(that引导宾语从句，作宾语）IconsideritimportanttolearnEnglish.（it作形式宾语，tolearnEnglish不定式短语作真正宾语）,Haveatry,TranslatethesentencesintoChinese.3.我们觉得在2008年奥运会成为志愿者是很有意义的。Wethink(that)itwasmeaningfultobecomevolunteersinthe2008OlympicGames.(that引导宾语从句，作宾语）Wethinkitmeaningfulthatwebecamevolunteersinthe2008OlympicGames.(it作形式宾语，that引导宾语从句作真正宾语）,句子成分II：表语/定语/状语/补,一、表语系动词是表示人或事物状态、性质的动词,如:be,get,sound,look,seem,feel等。系动词后面的部分叫表语。作表语的典型词类是形容词,也可以名词、数词、极少数副词(如here,there)、介词短语、不定式、分词、表语从句等。系动词与表语共同构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质等。,练习：请找出下列句子的表语并指出表语是由什么来充当的(名词、数词、形容词、介词,不定式,分词,还是表语从句)。1.Mywalletisonthedesk.(_)2.Thebookisntmine.(_),mine,名词性物主代词。,onthedesk,介词短语。,3.Theleavesturnyellowinfall.(_)4.Hehasbecomeapoliceofficer.(_),apoliceofficer,名词。,yellow,形容词。,5.Mysuggestionisthatweshouldstartatonce.(_)6.Mysuggestionistoleaveatonce.(_),toleaveatonce,不定式短语。,thatweshouldstartatonce.表语从句。,7.Hisspeechwasboring.(_)8.Thewholeclassgotexcitedatthegoodnews.(_),excited,过去分词。,boring,现在分词。,二、定语定语用来修饰名词或代词,起限定作用。作定语的典型词类是形容词和形容词性物主代词,也可以是数词、名词、介词短语、分词、定语从句等。定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰复合不定代词(如something)时,或者是短语或定语从句作定语,则总是放在所修饰名词的后边。,练习：请找出下列句子的定语并指出定语是由什么充当(形容词、形容词性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语从句)1.Thebeautifulsightattractsmanytouristseveryyear.(_),beautiful,形容词;many,数词。,2.Thewalletonthedeskismine.(_)3.Thedemandingbosswasntsatisfiedwithmywork.(_),demanding,现在分词;my,形容词性代词。,onthedesk,介词短语。,4.Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.(_)5.Heisoneofthestudentsthathavebeenlate.(_),beingrepaired,现在分词短语;our,形容词性代词。,one,数词;thathavebeenlate,定语从句,6.Theexcitedboysburstintocheers.(_)7.Awomanpoliceofficerwaspraisedforhergoodwork.(_),woman,名词;good,形容词。,excited,过去分词。,补充,名词作定语：pocketmoney零用钱;alarmclock闹钟；sportscar跑车不定式作定语：Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.Thatsthewaytodoit.介词短语：ItsamapofChina.,三、状语状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等,作状语的典型词类是副词,也可以是介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句等。,练习：请找出下列句子的状语并指出状语是由什么充当(副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句)。1.Hedidhishomeworkcarefullyathome.(_),carefully,副词;athome,介词词组。,todosomeshopping不定式作目的状语;onSunday介词短语表时间。,2.HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.(_),3.WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.(_)4.Feelingtired,hewenttobedwithoutsupper.(_),Feelingtired,现在分词短语表原因;withoutsupper,介词短语表方式。,WhenIgrowup,时间状语从句。,5.Helosthisjobduetohislackofpatience.(_)6.Broughtupinthecountry,hefindsithardtoadjusthimselftocitylife.(_),Broughtupinthecountry,过去分词短语表原因。,duetohislackofpatience介词短语表原因。,四、补足语补充说明主语的称为主语补足语;补充说明宾语的称为宾语补足语。作补足语的典型词类是形容词,也可以是名词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词等。,练习：请找出下列句子的宾语补足语并指出它是由什么充当的(名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词)。1.TheyelectedJohnmonitor.(_)2.Hetreatedhismistakeasajoke.(_),asajoke,介词词组。,monitor名词,3.Weheardhersingingasong.(_)4.Hetoldmetomakemyowndecision.(_),tomakemyowndecision,动词不定式,singingasong,现在分词短语。,5.Ithinkitwrongofhimtodeclinemyoffer.(_)6.Hewatchedaninsectcaughtbyabird.(_),caughtbyabird,过去分词短语。,wrong,形容词。,如果把主动语态改成被动语态,宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。例如：Hewasacknowledgedtobethebestplayer.他被公认为是最佳选手。(不定式作主语补足语),【注意】,五,同位语,在一个名词或代词后面，有时可以跟一个名词（或其他词、结构），对前面的性质或情况做进一步的说明。简单概况：起解释说明作用。名词作同位语：WeChineseshouldbeproudofourcountry.同位语从句：ThenewsthatMissLiismarriedistrue.,
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