语法填空题的解题策略及技巧.ppt

语法填空题的解题策略及技巧,语法填空题主要考察学生对句子结构的分析能力以及对一些基本语法现象的熟练程度。考题中涉及的词类主要有代词、连词、介词、冠词、名词、动词、形容词、副词等8类。值得注意到是，在没有给提示词的情况下，通常只需要考虑代词、连词、介词、冠词；如果考察名词、形容词、副词、动词的用法，命题人会在相应空格后的括号里给出提示词。在答题时，学生除了需要考虑一些基本语法的意义及用法（如时态、语态、各种非谓语动词的用法），还需要考虑各种词类的语法特点及其在句子中的基本功能。下面我们首先了解一下试题中可能出现的各种词类的基本功能。,代词：1)人称代词(1)主格,做主语：we,I,you,they,he,she,it(2)宾格,做宾语：us,me,you,them,him,her,it(3)形容词性所有格,做定语our,my,your,their,his,her,its(4)名词性所有格,做主语、宾语、表语ours,mine,yours,theirs,his,hers,its(5)反身代词,做宾语、同位语:ourselves,myself,yourself/yourselvesthemselves,himself,herself,itself,2)指示代词,做主语、宾语、定语：this,that,these,those3)不定代词：(1)做主语、宾语、定语all,some,any,both,neither,either,none,one,another,other(s)(2)做主语、宾语everyone/everybody,someone/somebody,anyone/anybody,nobody,(3)做主语、宾语everything,something,anything,nothing,Does_matterifhecantfinishthejobontime?_isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.3.Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.4.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm.Ihadexpected_tobemuchbetter.5.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut_willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.6.Fewpleasurescanequal_ofacooldrinkonahotday.7.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbookstoallthepupilsexcept_whohadalreadytakenthem.the_whohadalreadytakenthem.8.Wecouldnteatinarestaurantbecause_ofushadanymoneyonus.,it,It,it,it,it,that,ones,those,none,9.Theywereallverytired,but_ofthemwouldstoptotakearest.10.Doyouwantteaorcoffee?_.Ireallydontmind.11.Therescoffeeandtea,youcanhave_.12.IinvitedJoeandLindatodinner,but_ofthemcame.13.Thereslittlecookingoilleftinthehouse.Wouldyougotothecornerstoreandget_?14.Shedoesntknowanyonehere.Shehasgotno_totalkto.15.Oneofthesidesoftheboardshouldbepaintedyellow,andthe_white.16.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,_Iwillalwaystreasure.,none,Either,either,neither,some,one,other,one,17.Is_here?.No,BobandTimhaveaskedforleave.18.Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdontagreewith_.19.Susan,goandjoinyoursistercleaningtheyard.Why_?20.IsyourcameralikeBillsandAnns?.No,butitsalmostthesameas_.A.herB.yoursC.themD.their21.Tomfeltthathekneweverybodysbusinessbetterthantheyknewit_.22.Catherineboughtapostcardoftheplaceshewasvisiting,addressed_to_andthenposteditatthenearbypostoffice.,everybody,everything,me,themselves,B,it,herself,23.BothLiMingandIboughtacar.Hisisblueand_isblack.24.LiHua,LiLinand_areallinthesameschool._allliveinthesamebuilding._roomisonthefirstfloorwhiletheirsisonthesecondfloor.25.-Haveyoufinished_homeworkyet?-Yes.-Didyoufinished_by_?-Yes,Ofcourse.Ialwaysdo_homeworkby_.26._isSundaytoday.Wehadplannedtogooutforpicnic,but_israininghard.,mine,I,We,My,your,it,yourself,my,myself,It,it,27.-DoyouknowJack?-No.Iamanewcomer.Iknow_here/Idontknow_here.28.Yousee.Alargecrowdofpeoplearegathering.Iguess_terriblemusthavehappened.29.JoanisawhitegirlandNancyisablackgirl._ofthemaremyfriendsbut_ofthemcanspeakChinese.30_thestudentsinClass1areboys,but_ofthemdobetterinEnglishthanLiHua,whoisgirlofClass2.31_whowantstotakepartinthesportsmeetcansignuphere.,nobody,anyone/anybody,Both,neither,something,All,none,Those,2.连词1)并列连词,连接并列句及各种并列的句子成分，如主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语:and,or,while,so2)从属连词(1)连接名词性从句whether,if,thatwho(ever),whom(ever),whose,which(ever)where(ever),when(ever),why,how(2)连接定语从句who,whom,whose,that,which,aswhere,when,why,(3)连接状语从句表示时间when,while,as,after,before,until,till,表示原因because,as,since,for表示地点where表示条件if表示比较/方式than,as表示让步although,though,Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_/_shecouldturntoforhelp.2.GeorgeOrwell,_realnamewasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.3.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.4._isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.5.York,_Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.6.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.7.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.8.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.,whom,whose,which,As,which,which,where,when,who,9.Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,during_timehestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudentsUnion.10.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,_shewantedtobe.11.Women_drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose_dont.12.Idontlikechicken_fish.Idontlikechicken,_Ilikefishverymuch.13._the2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.14._hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.15.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.,which,which,who,who,or,but,Whether,What,that,16.Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas_wewerevisitingtheWaterPark.17.Youdbetternotleavethemedicine_kidscangetatit.18._wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.19.Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksof_hecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.18.Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo_ittakestosaveherlife.19.Atfirsthehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstosee_itgotanybetter.20.Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknew_shewassoangry.,when,where,Whoever,how,whatever,if/whether,why,21.Imgoingtothepostoffice._yourethere,canyougetmesomestamps?22.Someonecalledmeupinthemiddlethenight,buttheyhungup_Icouldanswerthephone.23.Themenwillhavetowaitallday_thedoctorworksfaster.24.MrHallunderstandsthat_mathshasalwaysbeeneasyforhim,itisnoteasyforthestudents.25.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_greatitis.26.AllowChildrenthespacetovoicetheiropinions,even_theyaredifferentfromyourown.27._Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.,When/While,before,unless,although,however,if,As,3.介词1)与名词的搭配(名词+介词;介词+名词)2)与动词的搭配3)与形容词的搭配4)介词短语的固定搭配,Weofferedhimourcongratulations_hispassingthecollegeentranceexams.2.Ifyoukeepon,youllsucceed_time.3.Yourperformanceinthedrivingtestdidntreachrequiredstandard,_otherwords,youfailed.4.Howlonghasthisbookshopbeeninbusiness?._1982.5.Dontallspeakatonce!One_atime,please.6.Thetrainleavesat6:00pm.SoIhavetobeatthestation_5:40p.m.atthelatest.7._productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.8.Theyhadapleasantchat_acupofcoffee.,on,in,in,Since,at,by,With,over,9.Youknow,Bobisalittleslow_understanding,so.So,Ihavetobepatient_him.10.HesuddenlysawSue_theroom.Hepushedhisway_thecrowdofpeopletogettoher.11.Aftertheearthquake,theinjuredwerecared_inthehospitalsortakenbyairtothehospitalsintheneighbouringcities.12.Mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrotherwas_favourofit.13.Sorry.Madam.Youdbettercometomorrowbecauseits_thevisitinghours.14.Peoplehavealwaysbeencurious_howlivingthingsontheearthexactlybegan.,in,with,across,through,for,in,beyond,about,14.Itsquite_mewhysuchthingshavebeenallowedtohappen.15.AcleanenvironmentcanhelpthecitybidfortheOlympics,which_returnwillpromoteitseconomicdevelopment.16.Scientistsareconvinced_thepositiveeffectoflaughter_physicalandmentalhealth.,beyond,in,of,on,4.冠词(位于名词前面)1)定冠词:the(基本用法；固定搭配）2)不定冠词：a,an(基本用法；固定搭配）,AlexanderGrahamBellinvented_telephonein1876.2.Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwithanimalsof_differentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.3.Manypeoplearestillin_habitofwritingsillythingsinpublicplaces.4.Sheis_newcomertochemistrybutshehasalreadymadesomeimportantdiscoveries.5.Manypeopleagreethat_knowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltradetoday.6.MrSmith,theresamanat_frontdoorwhosayshehasnewsforyouofgreatimportance.,the,a,the,a,a,the,7.Haveyouseen_pen?Ileftitherethismorning.Isit_blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.8.PapermoneywasinuseinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthecountryin_thirteenthcentury.(99)9.Summersin_southofFrancearefor_mostpartdryandsunny.10.Idlikesomeinformationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.Well,youcouldhave_wordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.11.Mrs.Taylorhas_8-year-olddaughterwhohas_giftforpaintingshehaswontwonationalprizes.,a,a,the,the,the,a,an,a,5.名词,做主语、宾语、表语(可/不可数，单/复数)1.Wehaveworkedouttheplanandnowwemustputitinto_(real).2.Heresmycard.Letskeepin_(connect).3.Illlookintothematterassoonaspossible.Justhavealittle_.(patient)4.TheheadofficeofthebankisinBeijing,butithas_(branch)alloverthecountry.5.Tomakemembersofateamperformbetter,thetrainerfirstofallhastoknowtheir_(strong)andweaknesses.6.The_(express)onhisfacetoldmethathewasangry.7.Mostair_(pollute)iscausedbytheburningoffuelslikecoal,gasandoil.,reality,connection,patience,branches,strengths,expression,pollution,8.Idlikesome_(inform)aboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.9._(study)showthatpeoplearemorelikelytosufferfrombackproblemsiftheyalwayssitbeforecomputerscreensforlonghours.10.Aftertwoyearsresearch,wenowhaveafarbetter_(understand)ofthedisease.,information,Studies,understanding,6.形容词(做表语、作定语)1.Howdidyoufindyourvisittothemuseum?.Ithoroughlyenjoyedit.Itwasfarmore_(interest)thanIexpected.2.Johnwasso_(sleep)thathecouldhardlykeephiseyesopen.3.Studentsbraveenoughtotakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotof_(use)skills.4.Ifitisquite_(convenience)toyou,IwillvisityounextTuesday.5.Mymotheralwaysgetsabit_(anxiety)ifwedontarrivewhenwesaywewill.6.Ofthetwosisters,Bettyisthe_(young)one,andsheisalsotheonewholovestobequiet.,interesting,sleepy,useful,convenient,anxious,younger,7.Didyouenjoyyourselfattheparty?Yes.Iveneverbeentoa_(excite)onebefore.8.Youcanseethestarsonaclearnight,butinthedaytimetheyare_(visible).9.Itisntsocially_(accept)forparentstoleavechildrenunattendedatthatage.10.ErnestvisitedtheSouthPolebecausehewantedtoseeoneofthe_(cold)regionsintheworld.11.Ihavebeenconvincedthattheprintmediaareusuallymoreaccurateandmore_(rely)thantelevision.,moreexciting,invisible,acceptable,coldest,reliable,7.副词(做状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词)1.Studentsbraveenoughtotakethisadventurecoursewill_(certain)learnalotofusefulskills.2.Wedecidednottoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraining_(heavy).3.Thegreatsuccessofthisprogramhasbeen_(large)duetothesupportgivenbythelocalbusinessmen.4.Greenproductsarebecomingmoreandmorepopularbecausetheyare_(environment)friendly5.Thecommitteeisdiscussingtheproblemrightnow.Itwill_(hope)havebeensolvedbytheendofnextweek.,certainly,heavily,largely,environmentally,hopefully,6.Workgetsdone_(easy)whenpeopledoittogether,andtherewardsarehighertoo.7.Thoughhestartedlate.Mr.Guoplayedthepianoaswellas,ifnot_(well)than,MisLiu.8.Alanisacarefuldriver,buthedrives_(care)ofmyfriends.9.Thechildrenlovedtheirdaytrip,andtheyenjoyedthehorseride_(much).10.Volunteeringisbecoming_(increase)popularinChina.Yeah,peoplearenowawarethathelpingothersishelpingthemselves.,moreeasily,better,theleastcarefully,most,increasingly,8.动词1)谓语动词(1)主动语态(各种时态)(2)被动语态(各种时态),Ifcitynoises_(notkeep)fromincreasing,peoplewillhavetoshouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.2.You_(leave)thelighton.Oh,soIhave._(go)andturnitoff.3.Whydontputthemeatinthefridge?It_(stay)freshforseveraldays.4.Hundredsofjobs_(lose)ifthefactorycloses.5.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_(leave)officesoon.,arenotkept,haveleft,Iwillgo,willstay,willbelost,wouldleave,6.Assoonashe_(come)back,Illtellhimwhenyouwillcomeandseehim.7.Tom,youdidntcometothepartylastnight?Iwasgoingto,butIsuddenly_(remember)Ihadhomeworktodo.8.Nodecisionwillbemadeaboutanyfutureappoint-mentuntilallthecandidates_(interview).9.Danielsfamily_(enjoy)theirholidayinHuangshanthistimenextweek.10.Tomslippedintothehousewhennoone_(look).11.Thelittlegirlcriedherheartoutbecauseshe_(lose)hertoybearandbelievedshewasntevergongtofindit.,comes,remembered,havebeeninterviewed,willbeenjoying,waslooking,hadlost,12.Thesilenceofthelibrary_(break)onlybythesoundofpagesbeingturnedover.13.Hetoldthevisitorsmorethanadozenstudentsinthatschool_(send)abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.14.Whatsthatterriblenoise?Theneighbors_(prepare)foraparty.15.Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?Notyet.Therooms_(paint).16.They_ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowwearestillworkingonitasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.17.Duringtheperiodofrecentterroristactivities,people_(alwayswarn)nottotouchanyunattendedbag.,wasbroken,hadbeensent,arepreparing,arebeingpainted,hadbeenworking,werealwaysbeingwarned,2)非谓语动词(1)动名词,做主语、宾语、定语，表语(主动、被动、各种时态)(2)不定式,做主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语、宾补(主动、被动、各种时态)(3)现在分词,做定语、表语、宾补、状语(主动、被动、各种时态)(4)过去分词,做定语、表语、宾补、状语,Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldntrisk_(risk)thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.C.tobelostD.beinglost2.Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?Thekeyto_(solve)theproblemistomeetthedemand_(make)bythecustomers.3.Itsnecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._(have)theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.4.Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried_(try)alone,butshedidntlikeitandmovedbackhome.5.IheartheyvepromotedTom,buthedidntmention_(promote)whenwetalkedonthephone.,solving,made,Having,losing,living,havingbeenpromoted,6.The_(miss)missingboyswerelastseen_(play)neartheriver.7.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_(smoke)inthekitchen.8.Not_(receive)areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.9._(wait)inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.10.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,_(add)thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.11.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_(make)itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(98)12.Thepicture_(hang)onthewallispaintedbymynephew.,missing,playing,smoking,havingreceived,Havingwaited,adding,making,hanging,13.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_(go)on.14._(separate)fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.15.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_(tie)behindhisback.16.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_(carry)outthenextyear.17.Thefirsttextbooks_(write)forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.18._(give)time,hellmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.,going,Havingbeenseparated,tied,carried,written,given,19.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_(pay)bythehour.20._(dress)inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.(05湘)21.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughternever_(drive)afterdrinking.22.Johnwasmade_(wash)thetruckforaweekaapunishment.23.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_(see)whethertheywillenjoyit.24.Robertissaid_(study)abroad.butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.23_(get)theprojectcompletedintime,wellworktwomorehoursaday.,paid,Dressed,todrive,towash,tobeseen,tohavestudied,Toget,下面我们通过示图分析各词类与句子各不同成分之间的对应关系，从而进一步讨论语法填空题解题策略与技巧。,(状)(定)主(定)(状)谓(状)(状)(定)宾(状),代名动名,代名动名,动,代冠形分词,分词介短不定式,代冠形分词,副,副,副介短不定式,副,(状)(定)主(定)(状)谓(状)(状)(定)宾(状)副代代分词副动副副代代副冠名介短介短冠名介短形动名形动名分词分词,不定式,不定式,连,副介短不定式,不定式,TheNobelPrizeisoneofthegreatesthonorsintheworldtoday.Onceayear,peoplewinthisprizefor16_workinphysics,chemistry,medicine,literature,economy,orworldpeace.Eachwinnerreceivesagoldmedal,adiploma,17_asumofmoney.NobelPrizewinnersreceivetheirawardsatceremoniesinStockholm,Sweden,andOslo,Norway,onDecember10,theanniversaryofthe18_(die)ofAlfredNobel.Nobellefthisfortune19_(create)theNobelPrize.Hewantedpeopletorememberhim20_amanofpeace,butinhislifetimehewasmostfamousfor21_(build)weaponsofwar.,their,and,death,tocreate,as,building,WhenAlfredwas17yearsold,hetraveledtotheUnitedStatesandseveralEuropeancountriestostudy.ThenhereturnedtoRussiatoworkwithhisfatherandbrothers,22_workedonexplosiveweapons.AprofessorshowedtheNobelaheavy,oilyliquid23_(call)nitroglycerin.Nitroglycerinwaspowerful,butitwasdangeroustoworkwith.In1863,Alfredinventedawaytomakeitsafer.24_,Nobelsinventionwasnotperfectasnitroglycerinexplodedifsomeonedroppeditoruseditincorrectly.Nobelwasalsointerestedinweapons.Manypeoplesaidhewasabadperson25_heinventeddestructiveweapons.,who,called,However,because,