英语高考复习第八讲非谓语动词.ppt

高考总复习英语（人教版）,第二部分语法精讲,第八讲非谓语动词,高考总复习英语（人教版）,1.不定式、分词、动名词的否定式都是在其前面加not/never。(1)Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughternevertodriveafterdrinking.2.不定式的进行时表示动作与谓语动作同时发生。不定式、分词、动名词的完成式表动作在谓语之前发生。(1)Whenmothercameintotheroom,Sidpretendedtobeworkinghardathislessons.3.不定式做定语时，如果不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的工具、地点，不定式后就应有必要的介词。Therearefivepairstochoosefrom,butImatalosswhichtobuy.,高考总复习英语（人教版）,4.不定式主动表被动的几种情况：在Therebe结构中，做定语的不定式既可用主动语态也可用被动语态。Thereisalotofworktodo/tobedone.不定式做定语时，如果不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的宾语，但是又可在句子中找到另一个词做不定式的逻辑主语，不定式要用主动语态。Wouldyoupleasegivetheboysomethingtoread?(something是read的宾语,theboy是read的逻辑主语，不定式用主动语态。)注意比较下列两个句子：Ihavesomeletterstotype.(隐含意义：Illtypethelettersmyself.)Doyouhaveanyletterstobetyped,sir?(隐含意义：Illtypethelettersforyou),高考总复习英语（人教版）,5.关于不定式的省略。在连词than,as后、介词except,but,besides后，如果前有实义动词do的某种形式，动词不定式一般不带to，反之则带to。(1)Inthatcase,thereisnothingyoucandothanwait.使役动词make,let,have和感官动词see,watch,hear,observe后接不定式做宾补时要省to，但在被动语态中，to不能省。(1)Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeoplehaveitdo.,高考总复习英语（人教版）,6.admit,advise,avoid,appreciate,canthelp,consider,delay,deny,escape,enjoy,finish,feellike，fancy,imagine,mind,miss,practise,risk,suggest等动词以及所有带介词的短语动词后面只能跟动名词做宾语。(1)Ireallyappreciatehavingtimetorelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.(2)Theboywasluckyenoughtoescapebeingpunished.,高考总复习英语（人教版）,6.begoingto表早就安排好的将来，或表根据某种迹象判断要发生的事情。will/shall表临时决定要做的动作，beto表按约定计划或按职责、义务将要发生的动作，强调主语的意志和决心。beaboutto表马上就要发生的动作，不能与表示将来的确切时间状语连用。(1)Youveleftthelighton.Oh,soIhave.Illgoandturnitoff.（Illgo:临时决定的动作）7.如果句中有sofar,bynow,inthelastfewyears,tillnow,uptonow等表示时间的短语,谓语动词只能用现在完成时。(1)Sofartheyhavedugmorethan100wellstogetenoughdrinkingwater.,高考总复习英语（人教版）,7.remember,forget,try,mean,regret,stop,goon后接不定式做宾语与接动名词做宾语，意义有很大区别，必须牢记。regretdoing因做过某事而后悔，动作已发生regrettodo因将做某事而遗憾，动作没发生rememberdoing记得做过某事，动作已发生remembertodo记得去做某事，动作没发生forgetdoing忘记曾做过某事，动作已发生forgettodo忘记做某事，动作没发生meandoing意味着meantodo打算做stopdoing停止做stoptodo停止做某事而做另一件事trydoing尝试做trytodo努力做,高考总复习英语（人教版）,8.lookforwardto,payattentionto,stickto,devoteto,makecontributionsto,beusedto,getusedto,objectto中的to是介词，因而其后接动名词做宾语，不要误用动词不定式。(1)Imlookingforwardtoseeingyouagain9.在“Thereisno+主语”句型中,常用动名词做主语。Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappeninthefuture.(Thereisnotelling.=Itisimpossibletotell.),高考总复习英语（人教版）,8.lookforwardto,payattentionto,stickto,devoteto,makecontributionsto,beusedto,getusedto,objectto中的to是介词，因而其后接动名词做宾语，不要误用动词不定式。(1)Imlookingforwardtoseeingyouagain9.在“Thereisno+主语”句型中,常用动名词做主语。Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappeninthefuture.(Thereisnotelling.=Itisimpossibletotell.),高考总复习英语（人教版）,10.关于being+过去分词。“being+过去分词”是分词一般式的被动语态，常用作定语，表示一个正在进行的被动动作。分词短语做状语时，如要表示一个被动动作，用过去分词即可，因为过去分词本身就可表被动，一般不能用being+过去分词。只有当分词表示一个正在进行而且又是被动的动作时，才可用being+done(这种用法很少见)(1)Foundedin1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.(不用beingfounded)(2)Thehousebeingbuiltinourschoolisforusteachers.Thoughtheresnoisemostofthedaywestillfeelhappyaboutit.（beingbuilt是定语，正在“被修建”的“房子”）,高考总复习英语（人教版）,12.Judgingfrom/by,considering,generallyspeaking,roughlyspeaking,strictlyspeaking,personallyspeaking,franklyspeaking,talkingof,grantedthat等引导的分词短语在句中做插入语，说明全句。(1)Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromGuangdong.13.关于过去分词given。given的基本意思是“给”。另外，它还有“特定的”、“假设的”意思，根据上下文，又可把它引伸为“考虑到”，在句中做条件状语。(1)Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.,高考总复习英语（人教版）,14.分词做状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，如果不一致，就要在分词前加上其逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。(分词的逻辑主语是she，与句子的主语一致，是现在分词做状语)观察下列独立主格结构，请注意它们与分词短语做状语的区别。Everythingbeingready,westartedout.（表原因）“Mama!”hecriedsuddenly,tearsrollingdownhischeeks.（表伴随情况）Weatherpermitting,wellgoouting.（表条件）Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,wefeltverydisappointed.（表原因）Alltheguestshavingarrived,thepartywasdeclaredopen.（表时间）,高考总复习英语（人教版）,15.不定式、动名词、分词做定语的区别。比较下列划线部分在句中的作用、位置及其与谓语动词的时间顺序：(1)Theyhavenodrinkingwaternow.(动名词做定语)(2)ThebooktobepublishedisaboutSARS.(将要出版的这本书是关于非典型肺炎的。不定式做定语)(3)Therisingsunisverybeautiful.（现在分词做定语）(4)Thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves.(落叶满地。过去分词做定语),高考总复习英语（人教版）,高考总复习英语（人教版）,一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。,1.“Whatareyougoingtodothismorning?”“Imthinkingof_(go)tovisitmyaunt.”2.Theofficenarrowlyescaped_(kill)inthehotbattle.3.Toms_(attend)themeetingmadeeveryonethereveryhappy.4.Hemadeanapologytousfor_(beat)thelittleboy.,高考总复习英语（人教版）,going,beingkilled,attending,havingbeaten,5.Thechildcriedbecauseof_(scold).6.Thegirl_(sit)underthattreeismysister.7._(write)aletter,hewentoutforawalk.8_(separate)fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.,高考总复习英语（人教版）,havingbeenscolded,sitting,Havingwritten,Havingbeenseparated,9._(notreceive)areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.10._(lose)hernewbicyclemadeMarysoupset.11.Mostoftheartists_(invite)tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.12.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoas_(receive)intimeforChristmas.,高考总复习英语（人教版）,Nothavingreceived,Losing,invited,tobereceived,二、用所给动词的正确形式填空,1._(wait)inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.(2008福建）2.Canthose_(seat)atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?(2008福建）Noproblem.3.Themessageisveryimportant,soitissupposed_(send)assoonaspossible.(2008陕西卷)4._(fail)toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead(2008重庆）,高考总复习英语（人教版）,HavingWaited,seated,tobesent,Havingfailed,5.Theyarequiet,arentthey?Yes.Theyareaccustomed_(talk)atmeals.(2008江苏卷）6._(throw)theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.(2008天津卷）7.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_(breathe).(2008全国卷1）8.Hewasbusywritingastory,only_(stop)onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.(2008辽宁卷),高考总复习英语（人教版）,tonottalking,Throwing,tobreathe,stopping,9.Wefinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetime_(allow).(2008江西卷）10._(complete)theprojectasplanned,wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.(2008湖南卷)11.Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?Yes.But_(find)it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.(2008北京卷）12.Itisworthconsideringwhatmakes“convenience”foodssopopular,and_(introduce)betteronesofyourown.(2008北京卷）,高考总复习英语（人教版）,allowed,Tocomplete,tofind,introducing,THEEND,高考总复习英语（人教版）,