英语语法-定语从句.ppt

定语从句,1.Heisanhonestboy.2.Weloveourcountry.3.Whatsyourtelephonenumber?4.Thebookonthetableismine.5.TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.,attribute(定语),作用：修饰,限定,位置:,单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面,Wevisitedthefactorywhichmakestoysforchildren.Mostmanagerswhoarepresentatthemeetingagreedtotheplan.,Thestudentyouwanttoseehascome.TheletterthatIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather.,In1998,hereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewup.IstillrememberthedaywhenImethimforthefirsttime.Thereasonwhyhemissedthespeechwasthathedidntcatchthebus.,LookandSee,TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolisfromCanada.,先行词,关系词,(1)引导定语从句(whovisitedourschool)(2)在从句中作一成份(主语)(3)代替先行词(theforeigner)在从句中的位置,在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句(TheAttributiveClause),拆分成两个句子,定语从句：由一个句子充当定语,从句的位置：,在名词或代词后,先行词：,引导定语从句的词关系代词(who,whom,whose,which,that)关系副词(when,where,why),被定语从句修饰的词,作用：(1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置,关系词,关系代词先行词指人:作主语：who；that作宾语：who；that；whom作定语：whose先行词指物:作主语：which；that作宾语：which；that作定语：whose,讲义讲解,关系代词作宾语时可省略。,1.Thewoman_livesnextdoorisateacher.,5.Thenurse_looksaftermysisteriskind.,3.Kevinisreadingabook_istoodifficultforhim.,8.Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.,4.Manypeople_sawthefilmwereafraidtoswiminthesea.,9.Itisaboutabigwhiteshark_attacksswimmers.,2.Yesterdayshetalkedwithonewoman_husbanddiedinthataccident.,7.Thehouseismine.,_roofisbrown,6.Haveyouseenmybook_coverisred?,who/that,whose,which/that,who/that,who/that,whose,whose,10.Theman_youmetjustnowismyteacher.,11.Thisisthepen_heboughtyesterday.,(who/whom/that),(which/that),who/that,which/that,-（连句步骤，EX1,讲义）,注意事项：A.只用that不用which的情况：,（一）当先行词被形容词最高级,序数词包括thelast等所修饰时:1)ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird2)ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.（二）先行词为all,much,little,something,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词:1)Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?2)ThatsallthatIwanttosay.（三）当先行词既有人又有物时:1)IwontforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.2)Hetalkedabouttheschoolandtheteachersthathehadvisited,（四）当先行词被all,any,no,not,little,few,every,each，thevery,theonly等修饰时:1)Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.2)Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.3)ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.（五）主句是whowhich引导的特殊问句时:1)Whoistheboythatwasherejustnow?2)Whichisthebookthatyourfatherboughtyou?（六）关系代词在从句中作表语时:Thevillageisnolongerthepoorplacethatitusedtobe.,C.先行词受such,thesame修饰时关系词常用as。Iveneverheardsuchstories_hetells.Thisisthesamedictionary_Ilostlastweek.,D.以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略Theway_heansweredthequestionswassurprising.,当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those,he等人称代词时。,B.指人时用who不用that的情况：,He_doesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Those_haveanydifficultywithpronunciationshouldpractisemore.,以方式,who,who,as,as,(that/inwhich),Fillintheblankswithsuitablerelativepronouns.1.Thisistheonlybook_Igotlastyear.2.Thisisthelargestanimal_Tomsawinthezoo.3.Rosestillremembersthetreesandteachers_exist(存在)inthemotherschool.4.Allthedesks_areboughtlookreallywonderful.5.Thisisthesecondwatch_myfatherboughtforme.,that,that,that,that,that,Exercises:All_weneedistobesuppliedwithfoodandclothing.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whom2.Theman_talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.what,3.Canyoutellmethenameofthefactory_youvisitedlastweek?A.whatB.inwhereC./D.when4.Idontliketheway_youspeaktoher.A.thatB.inthatC.whoD.whose,5.Themostimportantthing_weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing_Ihavesaid.A.which;thatB.that;whichC.which;whichD.that;that6.Shespentthewholeeveningtalkingaboutthethingsandpersons_noneofushaseverheardof.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that,7.Whoistheperson_istalkingabouttheaccident_happenedonHighway104?A.which;whichB.who;whatC.that;thatD.what;what,1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenD.thathavewritten,B,B,B,C,A,A,7.Hewrotealettertome,tellingmeeverything_hesawonthewaytotheParis.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where8.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it9.Isthereanything_toyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.whichbelongsD.thatbelong10.Thescientistandhisachievements_youtoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose11.Whichofthebooks_wereborrowedfromhimisthebest?A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whose,B,A,B,B,C,二.由关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词有when,where,why，在从句中担任状语,1.when的用法when指时间，修饰表示时间的先行词，在定语从句中做状语，相当于at/in/onwhich,如：,October1,1949isthedaywhen(=onwhich)thePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.Ishallneverforgetthetimewhen(=duringwhich)weworkedonthefarm.Doyouremembertheafternoonwhen(=onwhich)wefirstmetthreeyearsago?,2.where的用法where指地点，修饰表示地点的先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于in/on/atwhich.如：,Thisistheplacewhere(=at/inwhich)wefirstmet.Thehotelwhere(=inwhich)westayedwasntveryclean.Idliketoliveinacountrywhere(=inwhich)thereisplentyofsunshine.,3.why的用法why指原因，修饰名词reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于forwhich.,Ididntgetapayrise,butthiswasntthereasonwhy(=forwhich)Ileft.Thereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslatewasthathemissedhistrain.Idontknowthereasonwhy(=forwhich)yougotsoangrywithme.,1.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where,2.Pleasetakeanyseat_isfree.A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.that,3.Myhomevillageisnolongerthesame_itusedtobe.A.whichB.asC.whereD.when,4.Theboy_compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.which,5.Idontliketheway_youspeaktoher.A./B.thatC.inwhichD.AllA,B,andC,6.Suchabook_youshowedmeisdifficulttounderstand.A.thatB.whichC.asD.like,7.Thespeakerspokeofsomewritersandsomebooks_werepopularthen.A./B.thatC.whichD.who,8.Thisisthestore_wevisitedthefamousshopassistants.A.whereB.thereC.thatD.which,9.Ifashophaschairs_womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where,10.Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?Thereisnooneelse_,isthere?A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn,11.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.whichC.whenD.where,12.Hesgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why,13.-Isthatthesmalltown_youoftenreferto?-Right,justtheone_youknowIusedtoworkforyears.A.that,thatB.which,whichC.,whereD.,what,(which/that),三、介词提前的定语从句常常由“介词+which/whom/whose”引出。,Theschool_heoncestudiedisveryfamous.,Theschool_heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.,TomorrowIllbringherethemagazine_youaskedfor.TomorrowIllbringherethemagazine_youasked.,Thisistheboy_Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.,Thisistheboy_Iplayedtennisyesterday.,inwhich,(which/that),forwhich,(whom/who/that),withwhom,Themanager_companyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.Themanager_companyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.,whose,inwhose,Thisistheclassroom_westudiedinlastyear.=Thisistheclassroom_westudiedlastyear.=Thisistheclassroom_westudiedlastyear.,inwhich,(that/which),where,Iwillneverforgettheday_mydaughterwasbornon.,=Iwillneverforgettheday_mydaughterwasborn.,=Iwillneverforgettheday_mydaughterwasbornon.,(whichthat),onwhich,when,注意：1)含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。,2)“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。,Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.,Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.,介词的选定1)依据定语从句中短语的习惯搭配。Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands?=Whoisthegirl(that/who/whom)youjustshookhandswith?(shakehandswithsb.)2)介词常受先行词的制约(介词和先行词的搭配)。Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudythesky.(throughwhich即throughthetelescope),3)the+名词+of+关系代词(which,whom)结构中的名词和后面的关系代词有所属关系=whose+n.ThisisthebookthecoverofwhichisdesignedbyMr.Jones.=Thisisthebook,whosecoverisdesignedbyMr.Jones.=Thisisthebook,ofwhichthecoverisdesignedbyMr.Jones.,Canyouworkthemout?,Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,_whichwecantlive.2.Thestudent_whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.Illneverforgettheday_whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Whocangivemethereason_whichhehasntturnedupyet?,for,about,on,without,1.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding_thereisawell?A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhich2.Illneverforgettheday_IjoinedtheLeague.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.atwhich3.Thewoman_mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoD.whom4.Jeannewasheroldfriend,_sheborrowedanecklace.A.fromwhoB.fromwhomC.tothatD.towhom5.Hisglasses,_hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbrokeitsleg.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that,C,A,B,B,C,6.Sheisateacherofmuchknowledge,_muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhom7.Hebuiltatelescope_hecouldstudytheskies.A.inwhichB.withthatC.throughwhichD.byit8.Doyouknowthereason_hewaslate?A.thatB.whichC.forwhatD.forwhich9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_writeswell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem10.TheSecondWorldWar_millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhich,D,C,D,B,A,11.Chinahasmanyrivers,_theChangjiangRiveristhelongest.A.whichB.inwhichC.amongwhichD.oneofwhich12.Thisistheveryknife_Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhich13.Thespeed_whichyoudriveyourcarmustntbetoohigh.14.Intheparktherearemanyflowers,thecolours_whicharebrightandnice.15.Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,_whichtherearemanypictures.16.Whatwerethethings_whichhewasnottoosure?,C,D,at,of,in,about,17.Theyheldameeting,_whichthehospitaldirectormadeaspeech.18.Thebook,_whichhepaid6yuan,isworthreading.19.Isthistheman_whosehousethepolicefoundthelostcolouredTV?20.Thevillagersdugalongtunnel_whichtheycouldgotothefieldswithoutbeingfoundbytheJapanesesoldiers.21.WuDong,_whomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.22.ThestoriesaboutLongMarch,_whichthisisoneexample,arewellwritten.,at,for,in,through,with,of,非限制性定语从句1.用逗号把从句与主句隔开,不用that。Heisalwayslate,whichmakeshisteacherangry.2.whichas在非限制性定语从句的异同as可放于句首/句末/句中which可置于句末/句中which指代前文的一个词或是一个句子，意思是“这件事”而as只可指代一个句子,意思是“正如.正象”.通常用下列句型：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asmentionedabove,asweallknow,asIexpect，asthesayinggoes,Heisalwayslate,_makeshisteacherangry.Football,_isaninterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.3._iswellknown,bambooishollow（空心的）.（置于句首）4.Bambooishollow,_iswellknown.(置于句末）5.Bamboo,_iswellknown,ishollow.(置于句中）,which,which,As,as,as,(指代他迟到这件事.),(指代一个词，前文的“football”。）,1._wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.Ipassedhimalargeglassofwhisky,_hedrankimmediately.A.thatB.asC.whichD.who3.Sheisverygoodatdance,_everybodyknows.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as4.Itwasraining,_wasapity.A.whatB.thatC.thewhichD.which,D,C,D,D,5._hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As6.Wedothesamework_theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.like7.Theearthisround,_weallknow.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as,D,B,D,