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语法专题复习,第三讲代词、it的用法和连词,代词考点透析1人称代词的主格、宾格、两种物主代词及反身代词,人称代词的主格在句中作主语，宾格作宾语，形容词性物主代词作定语，即其后必须有一个名词，名词性物主代词在句中的作用相当于一个名词，可作主语、宾语、表语等，其后没有名词。反身代词在主语、宾语、表语后做这些成分的同位语，意为“亲自”、“亲眼”、“某某本人”。在语法填空中，这个知识点出现的频率相当高。如：,ItwasJohnhimselfthatputhimintrouble.Youcanbelieveme.Isawitmyself.Mybagisbiggerthanyours.,2one，ones，theone，that，those可以代替前面出现的名词以避免重复。onea名词单数，theonethe名词单数，thatthe名词单数。ones，those代前面的名词复数，thosethe名词复数。one，ones前可以有形容词修饰。如：,Idontlikethisskirt.Iliketheredone.Implanningtobuyahouse.Idlikeonewithagarden.ThepopulationinGuangzhouisbiggerthanthatinChangsha.Iprefertheapplesinthebaskettothoseinthebox.,3none，nothing，nobody(noone)的区别。none既可指人，也可指物，且表特指概念，回答howmany、howmuch等问题；nobody(noone)只能指人，且表泛指概念，常回答who引起的问题；nothing只能指物，常回答what引起的问题。另外，noone后不带of短语，none后可带of短语。,4few，afew，quiteafew，many修饰可数名词，little，alittle，quitealittle，much修饰不可数名词。5another泛指另一个，theother特指两个中的另一个，others泛指“其他”，后不带名词，other后带名词复数，theothers指特定范围中其他的人或物，后不带名词。,Thiscoatdoesntfitme.Willyoushowmeanother?Thirtystudentsinourclassaregirls,andtheothersareboys.,6注意下列句型：One.Theother.一个另一个Some.，others.，andstillothers.有的有的还有的7not与all，everybody，everyone，everything等连用，或“notevery名词”结构，都表示部分否定。如：Notallthestudentsagreewiththisopinion.并非每个学生都同意这个观点。Noteveryoneisinterestedinfootball.并不是每个人都对足球感兴趣。Alltheboysdontlikesmoking.不是每个男孩都喜欢吸烟。,it的用法考点透析一、代词it的用法以及它与one，that的辨析是高考题的热点，应掌握下面的要点。,（1）it为特指,代单数可数名词,一般代替一个具体的事物,不带修饰成分。a.用作人称代词,代替前文提到的事物Whatsthis？Itsapen.b.代替指示代词this,thatc.表示时间、天气、距离、季节、明暗等HowfarisittoNewYork？Its400kilometers.,（2）onea.泛指,代前面出现过的名词单数,避免重复。（用ones代替前面出现过的复数名词）。可用this/that/each/which及形容词修饰,也可与冠词连用,或带后置定语。如:Hehasnochild,andhewantstoadoptone.他没有孩子,想认养一个。b.作不定代词时,可以泛指人。意为;“一个人,一种人”。如:Oneshoulddoonesduty.人人应该尽责。比较：Therewasapianointheshop,soIdecidedtobuyitatonce.(it特指上文出现的piano，与piano是同一事物)IwantedtobuyahouseandIdlikeonewithagarden.(one=ahouse),Therearemanygoodflatsforyoutochoose.Wouldyouliketobuyone?(one=aflat，one指manygoodflats中的一个)（3）that代单数可数名词或代不可数名词,只可带后置定语。此处that只能代替物,不能代替人。those可指人，也可指物。在比较状语从句中,特指前面提到的同一类东西。ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthanthatofBeijing.北京的人口多于上海。,二、引导词it(1)it指时间时的重要句型aItis(high)time(that)主语shoulddo/didsth.Itis(high)timethatthisproblemwassolved.bItis.since.Itistwoyearssincehecametoworkinthiscity.cItbe.before.Itwillbethreeyearsbeforewecanmeetagain.,(2)it可做引导词，在句中做形式主语、形式宾语。it做形式主语的常用句型aItis/wasadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itwasdifficultforhertomovesoheavyabox.bItis/wasadj.that.Itwasclearthathewaslyingtous.cItisv.edthat.Itisreportedthatourteamhaswonthegoldmedal.,dItseems/appears/happensthat.Itseemedthathehadknownthetruth.ItsohappenedthatIwasstandingatthegatewhentheguestsarrived.eItmatters/doesntmatterthat/wheatherItmattersalotwhetherhewillagreetoourplan.fItisnouse/nogood/noharmdoingsth.Itsnogoodarguingwithhim.,(3)it做形式宾语的常用句型(S代主语，V代谓语动词)aSVitadj./n.todosth.Weconsideritagreathonortobeabletohostthe2008OlympicGames.bSVitadj./n.doingsth.Theyfinditnousesearchingtheemptyhouse.Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?c主语谓语itthat/when.Idontlikeitwhenyoushoutatme.,(4)强调句：Itis/was被强调成分who/that.如下列句子中可对四处划线部分进行强调。WesawTomintheparkyesterday.Itwaswewho/thatsawTomintheparkyesterday.(强调人，可用who或that)ItwasTomwhom/thatwesawintheparkyesterday.ItwasintheparkthatwesawTomyesterday.ItwasyesterdaythatwesawTominthepark.注意：1.Itis.that不能用来强调谓语动词，强调动词要用“do动词原形”。,如：Docomeearlytomorrow.(明天一定要早点来)Thelittleboydidworkouttheproblem.(小男孩的确做出了那个题目)2强调时间、地点、某个事物时都要用that，而不能用when、where、which。,连词考点透析1however另起新句，有逗号与句子隔开。but不需另起新句，while既表示对比，又表转折。Hewasill，buthestillkeptonworking.他病了，可他还是坚持工作。Whatshesaidsoundedreasonable，Mr.Green，however，didntbelieveher.她说的有道理，然而，格林先生就是不信她。Thereisplentyofraininthesouthwhilethereislittleraininthenorth.南方多雨而北方少雨。,2because，since，as，for的用法(见模块复习)3as.，when，while，since的用法(见复合句)4Itistimebefore.(见复合句)Itwontbeamonthbeforewecanmeetagain.5“一就”的多种表达方式assoonashardly.when.nosooner.than.scarcely.when.,immediately/instantlythemoment/theminute/thesecondHardlyhadheenteredthehallwhenitbegantorainheavily.他一走进大厅就下大雨了。IwillsetouttosolvetheproblemthemomentIcomeback.我一回来就会立马着手解决这个问题。,6熟记各类并列连词(1)联合类：and，both.and，aswellas，neither.nor，notonly.butalso(2)选择类：or，orelse，otherwise，either.or(3)转折类：but，still，however，yet，while，when(4)因果类so，for，andtherefore,Comehereontimetomorrowmorning，otherwise/oryouwillmissagoodchance.明早一定按时来，否则你会失去一个好机会。Ihavealottodothisevening，soIcantgoshoppingwithyou.今晚我有许多事要做，所以不能陪你去购物了。NeitherTomnorhisfathercouldspeakChinese.汤姆和他父亲都不会说汉语。,祝,您,学业有成,
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