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,VerbTensesandAspects,CollegeEnglishGrammar,Tense时态,1.DefinitionItreferstotheabsolutelocationofaneventoractionintime,eitherthepresentorthepast.时表示动作发生的时间2.ThereareonlytwotensesinEnglish:presentandpast.,Aspect体,1.DefinitionItreferstohowaneventoractionistobeviewedwithrespecttotime,ratherthantoitsactualloationintime.体表示动作发生的状态，动作是进行中还是已经完成。2.Thereisperfectiveaspect完成体,progressiveaspect进行体andperfectprogressiveaspect完成进行体.,A.有些表示感觉、感情、情绪、精神活动、拥有关系等的动词，一般不用进行时态，常见的这类词有：表示感知的：hear,feel,notice,smell表示意愿情感的：hate,like,love，want,prefer表示思考看法的：believe,expect,forget,realize,表示所有：consist,belongto,possess,hold。,例如：Sheisresemblinghermother.(误)Sheresembleshermother.(正)Iamknowingheiswrong.(误)Iknowheiswrong.(正),下列句型中常用现在完成时：1.Itis(hasbeen)+一段时间+since从句2.This(That/It)isthefirst(second)timethat+完成时3.This(That/It)istheonly+that+完成时4.This(that/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting+that从句+完成时,这是我第一次听她唱歌。ThisisthefirsttimethatIveheardhersing.这将是我第二次看这部电影。ItwillbethesecondtimeIveseenthefilm.,这是我看过的最好的电影。ItisthebestfilmIveeverseen.这是他写的最有趣的小说。Thisisthemostinterestingnovelhehaseverwritten.,过去完成时,常用过去完成时的几种情况：A.在by、bytheend、bythetime、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。E.g.Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.,B.表示“一就”的几个句型：Hardly/Scarcely/Nosoonerhad+主语+过去分词+when/than一般过去时。,Shehadhardlygonetobedwhenthebellrang.她一上床铃就响了。Nosoonerhadtheyleftthebuildingthanabombexploded.他们刚离开那座大楼，炸弹就爆炸了。,将来完成时,表示将来某一时刻或某一时刻之前完成的动作或所处的状态。构成：shall(will)+have+过去分词Bythetime/theendof+表示将来时间的短语Beforetheendof+表示将来时间的短语,明天的这个时候你就会到上海了。Bythistimetomorrowyou_(arrive)inShangHai.A:willhavearrived,完成进行时态,完成进行时可以分为三种：现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、将来完成进行时。现在完成进行时：have/hasbeen+现在分词，表示过去某一时刻开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在的某一时刻。这种时态侧重于这个动作的连续性或不间断性。,Ihavebeenlookingformylostbookforthreedays,butIstillhaventfoundit.我三天前就已经开始找我的书了，但还是没有找到。Oh,thereyouare!Ihavebeenlookingforyoueverywhere.哦，你在这里啊，我一直在到处找你啊。,1.BythetimewereachLondon,we_nearlyathousandmiles.A.shalltravelB.havetraveledC.shallhavetraveledD.aretraveling2.Myparents_herelastnight,buttheycouldnt.A.weretohavecomeB.cameC.havecomeD.willcome,3.Iboughtanewhouselastyear,butI_myoldhouseyet,soatthemomentIhavetwohouses.A.didnotsellB.hadnotsoldC.donotsellD.havenotsold,4.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted,5.Bobsleggothurt_thePurpleMountains.A.whileheisclimbingupB.whileweclimbedupC.whilewewereclimbingupD.whileheclimbedup,6.-Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.-Iamtired.I_thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted,7.Alice,whydidntyoucomeyesterday?I_,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did,8.He_tothelabthanhesetouttodotheexperiment.A.hasnosoonergotB.nosoonergotC.willnosoonergetD.hadnosoonergot9.JohnandI_friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe_eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.A.hadbeen,haveseenB.haveseen,haveseenC.hadbeen,hadseenD.havebeen,hadseen,说明：本题的关键词是than，与than搭配的结构只有sb.hadnosoonerdonethan。,说明：第一句表示到现在为止认识有八年了，后一句表示在认识之前见过几次面。,D,D,10.Thefifthgenerationcomputerswithartificialintelligence_andperfectednow.A.developedB.arebeingdevelopedC.havedevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped,11.Therewasaknockatthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimesomeone_methatevening.A.hadinterruptedC.tohaveinterruptedB.wouldhaveinterruptedD.tointerrupted,12.HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she_muchbetterresultsnow.A.wouldbegettingB.couldhavegotC.mustgetD.wouldget,13.WhatwereyoudoingjustnowwhileI_theexperiment?A.shallbemakingB.madeC.wasmakingD.hadmade,14.Theprices_goneupallthetimeinthepastfewyearssothatcomplaintscanbeheardeverywhere.A.keepB.keptC.havekeptD.are,15.By1988,scientistssurely_acureofthecommoncold.A.havediscoveredB.mustdiscoverC.arediscoveringD.haddiscovered,Thankyouverymuch!,
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