英语形容词和副词的比较级与最高级.ppt

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级,Comparativesandsuperlatives,形容词：是修饰名词（人或事物），表示名词的性质，特征或属性一种词类。它在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语。,副词：用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词的词叫副词。副词在句中多作状语.,一、形容词和副词的概念,副词,HestudiesEnglishhard.Hishandwritingisverygood.Hewritesverycarefully.Sometimeshewalkstoschool.Classisover.Theweatherhereisveryhot.Ifoundtheboyoverthere.,通常在形容词后加-ly变成副词。,slow_real_usual_careful_easy_happy_heavy_angry_,slowly,usually,easily,heavily,really,carefully,happily,angrily,big,bigger,Lookatthepicturesandunderstand看图并理解,Lookatthepicturesandunderstand看图并理解,big,bigger,biggest,fast,Lookatthepicturesandunderstand看图并理解,fast,faster,Lookatthepicturesandunderstand看图并理解,fast,faster,fastest,Lookatthepicturesandunderstand看图并理解,一、规则变化：,1、一般直接在词尾加er;est,tall,taller-tallest,light,lighter-lightest,2、以字母e结尾的直接加r;st,nice,nicernicest,fine,finerfinest,3、以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，要变y为i再加er;est,heavy,heavierheaviest,busy,busier-busiest,4、以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加er;est,thin,thinnerthinnest,hot,hotterhottest,双音节或多音节形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的特殊情况：,一般是在原级前加more构成比较级，在原级前加most构成最高级。beautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautifulinterestingmoreinterestingmostinterestingdangerousmoredangerousmostdangerous,LiuXiangistall.,YaoMingistallerthanLiuXiang.,姚明,刘翔,周迅,ZhouXunhaslonghair.,FanBingbingshairislongerthanZhouXus.,范冰冰,LiYongisfunny.,PanChangjiangisfunnierthanLiYong.,50,000RMB,Theredcarisexpensive.,250,000RMB,Thegreencarismoreexpensivethantheredcar.,LiuXiangistallerthanZhouJielun.,ZhouJielunistall.,YaoMingisthetallestofthem.,姚明,刘翔,周杰伦,YaoMingisthestrongestinthebasketballteam.,周迅,刘亦菲,ZhouXunhaslonghair.,FanBingbingshairislongerthanZhouXus.,LiuYifeishairisthelongestofthethree.,范冰冰,LiYongisfunny.,PanChangjiangisthefunniestofall.,SunNanisfunnierthanLiYong.,500RMB,Thebikeisexpensive.,50,000RMB,Theredcarismoreexpensivethanthebike.,250,000RMB,Thegreencaristhemostexpensiveofall.,important_easy_wet_happy_careful_thin_good_hot_easily_many_nice_big_heavy_delicious_much_,给出下列词的比较级和最高级,moreimportant,mostimportant,easier,easiest,wetter,wettest,happier,happiest,morecareful,mostcareful,thinner,thinnest,better,best,hotter,hottest,moreeasily,mosteasily,more,most,nicer,nicest,bigger,biggest,heavier,heaviest,moredelicious,mostdelicious,more,most,不规则变化，要多加注意哦！,goodbadmanylittle,wellbadlymuchfar,better,best,worse,worst,more,most,less,least,better,best,fartherfurther,farthestfurthest,worse,worst,more,most,单音节和少数多音节的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成分规则和不规则。变化如下：,形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如:anewbook,twobigtrees等。,二、形容词和副词的用法,形容词放在系动词be、look、get、keep、turn、feel、become、seem、grow、smell等之后。如:1.Iamshort.2.Shelooksfine.3.Theyturngreen.,如果形容词修饰不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing等时，要放在不定代词后面。如:somethinginterestingnothingnew,副词放在所修饰的动词之后、形容词和副词之前。如果前面是行为动词，则后面用副词。如:1.Sheworkshard.（修饰动词）2.Iamverybusy.（修饰形容词）3.Herunstooquickly.（修饰副词）4.Weplayhappily.（修饰动词）,三、形容词和副词的级,形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级1.原级：即形容词和副词的原形。small,good,pretty,big,manyhard,happily,slowly,quickly程度副词very,too,so,quite等修饰形容词和副词的原级。如：verytall、toohot、socoldquiteinterestingrunquickly,asas,(与一样）notas（so)as（与不一样）中间用原级。Thestoryisasinterestingasthatone.Thequestionisnotas/sodifficultasthatone.,2.比较级：两个人或物之间的比较。表示“较”或“更一些”。标志词：than(比）单音节词通常是-er结尾；多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加more.如:smaller,better,taller,older,more,hardermoreinteresting,morequickly,3.最高级：三个或三个以上的人或物之间的比较。标志词：in+大范围,ofall,of+the+具体的数字表示“最”的意思。（两者以上用最高级）单音节词通常是-est结尾；多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加most.在形容词的最高级前必须加the;副词之前可以不加。如：smallest,tallest,newest,bestmostinteresting,mostdifficultly,Moreexamples:1.Maryisclevererthanherlittlesister.2.Thenewbuildingishigherthantheoldone.3.Hisshirtismoreexpensivethanmine.4.KateismorebeautifulthanLilyis.5.SheisfiveyearsolderthanIam.6.Heis2centimeterstallerthanher.7.Thisruleris20centimeterslongerthanthatone.,比较级的用法：than1.汤姆比杰克高.2.这只箱子要比那只箱子大.3.那些苹果比这些大.4.第一个问题很容易,但第二个更容易.,TomistallerthanJack.,Thisboxisbiggerthanthatone.,Thoseapplesarebiggerthantheseones.,Thefirstquestionisveryeasy,butthesecondoneiseasier.,(2)数量的比较1.我的笔比你的多.2.我喝的茶比他多.3.他吃的饭比我少.4.一班的学生比二班多.,Ihavemorepensthanyou(do).,Idrinkmoreteathanhe(does).,HehaslessricethanI(do).,TherearemorestudentsinClass1thaninClass2.,Moreexamples:1.Heistheyoungestofallthechildren.2.Thisbookisthemostinterestingofallbooks.3.Americaisthemostdevelopedcountryintheworld.4.TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestriverinChina.5.HeisoneofthegreatestscientistsinChina.6.Thecityisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesintheworld.7.Lucyisoneofthetallestgirlsinherclass.8.Givemybestwishestoyou.9.Heismybestfriend.,形容词最高级的用法(in;of)那个短发的女孩是我们班最高的.今天是一年中最热的一天.他的房间是三个中最干净的一个.上海是中国最大的城市.,Thegirlwithredhairisthetallestinourclass.,Todayisthehottestdayoftheyear.,Hisroomisthecleanestofthethree.,ShanghaiisthelargestinChina.,注意,1.Thenewbuildingishigherthantheoldone.,Thoseapplesarebiggerthantheseones.,2.Hisshirtismoreexpensivethanmine.,如果主语是物主代词+名词，那么后面要用名词性物主代词。,比较级必须在同类中进行，即人与人比，物与物比，而且比较结构前后的词语要对称，特别注意在than或as之后不要漏掉可能出现的替代词that，those,one,ones.,注意,3.KateismorebeautifulthanLilyis.SheisfiveyearsolderthanIam.,Idrinkmoreteathanhe(does).,than前后句子的时态相同。通常用be动词情态动词can,may,must,could,should和助动词do,does,did,will，have等来简答。,4.Ihavemorepensthanyou(do).,many,much,little,few等词必须带名词。,注意,5.Thecityisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesintheworld.,oneof+the+最高级+复数名词,Which/Who+比较级，AorB?Which/Who+最高级，A，BorC?,6.Whoisolder,JimorTom?Whoisthetallest,Jim,MikeorTom,Whichlanguageis_,English,FrenchorChinese?A.difficultB.moredifficultC.themostdifficult,C,注意,7.Maryisthetallestofallthesistersinthefamily.,在使用形容词最高级时，一定要把自己包括在比较的范围内。,8.ThisisthethirdlargestcityinChina.,当表示“第二，第三”等意思时，经常在最高级的前面加second,third,等词。,9.Itsourlargestmachineinourfactory.,当最高级前有物主代词修饰时，其前不加定冠词the.,3、表示在两者之间相差的程度用“具体数字+比较级+than+比较对象”。eg:Theroadistwometreslongerthanthatone.这条公路比那条公路长两米。Thispencilisfourinchesshorterthanthatone.这只铅笔比那只铅笔短四英寸。4、有些双音节和单音节形容词，既可以加er或est构成比较级和最高级，也可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。friendlyhugecalmfreetrueclever,5、形容词原级的比较。形容词的原级与asas连用表示肯定意思，是“和一样”的意思；与notas/soas连用表示否定意义，是“不如”或“不一样”的含义。Sheisasprettyashermother.Thebookisasnewasthatone.Thestoryisasinterestingasthatone.Thequestionisnotas/sodifficultasthatone.Mybikeisnotas/sogoodasyours.,6、形容词比较级的修饰。比较级前面可以用even(更加)，much(得多)，far(得多)，alittle(一点)，abit(一点)，alot(大量)，still(还，还要)等词语表示不定程度或数量。eg:Iamevenlesslucky.Sheisfarbetterthanmeatwriting.Thispenismuchbetterthanthatone.TomisalittleshorterthanhisfriendJim.,7.形容词的比较级+and+形容词的比较级（前后形容词是同一个）越来越Sheisbecomingthinnerandthinner.Ourcountryisbecomingricherandricher.Therearemoreandmorestudentsinourschool.Livingintheworldisbecomingmoreandmoredifficult.,8、the+形容词的比较级+the+形容词的比较级表示“越，就越”Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbe.Theharderyoustudy,themoreyouwillget.Thesmallerthehouseis,thelessitwillcost.Thesooner,thebetter.,9、the+形容词比较级+of短语两者中比较的一个Sheistheprettierofthetwogirls.Thebikeistheolderofthetwo.Hisisthetallerofthetwo.Thisoneisthemorebeautifulofthethetwopicture.,10.表示“是的几倍”，用“倍数+as+原级+as”结构，或者“倍数+比较级+than”结构。eg:Thisclassroomisthreetimesasbigasthatone.Thisclassroomistwicebiggerthanthatone.,MakeComparisons,Writedownthecomparativesandthesuperlativesofthesewordsbignicelongnewcheapyounglatesafethirstyheavyeasyhardhighfewoldthinexpensiveinterestingcarefullyquicklygoodbadlittlefarmany/much,Followups(随堂练习),1、-MrZhou,allofthestudentsinourgroup,wholives_?-IthinkLiLeidoes.A.fatB.fatherC.farthestD.farest2、TheChangjiangRiveris_thananyotherriverinChina.A.shorterB.longerC.shortestD.longest3、Bobneverdosehishomework_Mary.Hemakeslotsofmistakes.A.socarefulB.ascarefullyasC.carefullyasD.ascarefulas4、_sheis,_shefeels.A.Themorebusy,themorehappyB.Thebusy,thehappyC.Busier,happierD.Thebusier,thehappier5、Theweatherisgettingw_a_w_.(越来越糟糕),C,B,B,DD,orstndorst,。,Haveatry，please。,1.Whichdoyoulike_(well),applesororanges?2.Whois_(old),JimorTom?3.Jackisrunning_and_(fast).4.Ourcountryisbecoming_and_(beautiful).5.Heis_(tall)ofthethetwoboys.,better,older,faster,faster,more,morebeatiful,thetaller,4.Findoutthemistakesinthesentencesbelow.Allofusfelthappilyatherbirthdayparty.IammoreolderthanHarry.,3.Hercoatisnewerthanyou.4.TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthaninXiamen.,5.Sueisoneofthetallgirlsinherclass.,happy,much,yours.,that,tallest,Good-bye,