资源描述
ACourseinGeneralKnowledgeforEnglishTourGuides,TsinghuaUniversityPublishingPressSep1,2009,Unit1ASurveyofTourisminChina,Lead-inQuestionsWhatistourism?Whenandhowdidtourismindustrybegininmoderntimes?WhenandhowdidChinastourismstart?,Unit1ASurveyofTourisminChina,Whatistourism?MathiesonandWall(1982):Tourismis“thetemporarymovementofpeopletodestinationsoutsidetheirnormalplacesofworkandresidence,theactivitiesundertakenduringtheirstayinthosedestinations,andthefacilitiescreatedtocatertotheirneeds.”,Unit1ASurveyofTourisminChina,ThedevelopmentoftourismtheGrandTour:the1660sto1840sThomasCook:thefirsttravelagencyin1845BritishTravelex,AmericanExpress,JapanNationalTourismOrganization,Unit1ASurveyofTourisminChina,ThedevelopmentoftourisminChinaShanghaiCommercialandSavingsBank:in1923ChinaTravelAgency:in19271949-1974Late1970sMid-1080smid-1990s,Unit1ASurveyofTourisminChina,ThehallmarkofChinastourismChinaNationalTourismAdministration(CNTA)GallopingBronzeHorseTreadingonaFlyingSwallow,Unit1ASurveyofTourisminChina,ThehallmarkofChinastourism,Post-classTasks,I.Fillintheblankswithwhatyouhavelearnt.1)WTOstandsfor_.2)_wasthetraditionaltravelinEuropemainlybyupper-classyoungpeoplefromthe1660sto1840s.3)In_,British_initiatedtoestablishthefirsttravelagencyintheworld,whichofficiallymarkedthebeginningoftourismindustryinmoderntimes.4)_setuptourismdepartmentin1923andchangeditsnameintoChinaTravelAgencyin1927,whichmarkedtheemergenceoftourisminChinainmoderntimes.5)CNTAstandsfor_,whichissubordinateto_withitsheadquartersin_.,Post-classTasks,II.TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoChinese.1)BritishTravelex2)AmericanExpress3)JapanNationalTourismOrganization,Post-classTasks,III.Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.1)WhenandhowChinabegintodevelopquicklyintourismindustry?2)IsChinaamajortouristdestination?Forwhom?3)WhatisthehallmarkofChinastourismindustry?,Unit2ASurveyofChineseHistory,Lead-inQuestions,DoyouknowtheChinesemythologicalfigures?Whoarethey?DoyouknowthehominidinChina?Whoarethey?WhenandhowdidtheybegintoliveinChina?WhenandhowdidChinesehistoryseecyclesofdivisionandunification?,1.AncientMyth,Pangu(盘古),1.AncientMyth,Nvwa(女娲)andFuxi(伏羲),1.AncientMyth,Suiren(燧人),1.AncientMyth,Shennong(神农),1.AncientMyth,TheYellowEmperor(黄帝),1.AncientMyth,ThreeSovereigns:theHeavenlySovereigntheEarthlySovereigntheHumanSovereignFiveEmperors:theYellowEmperor,ZhuanxuEmperorKuEmperorYaoEmperorShun,2.ThePrimitiveSociety,YuanmouMan(元谋人),Unit2ASurveyofChineseHistory,2.ThePrimitiveSocietyLantianApeMan(蓝田猿人),2.ThePrimitiveSociety,PekingApeMan,2.ThePrimitiveSociety,Homosapiens(智人):DaliMan(大荔人)DingcunMan(丁村人)MabaMan(马坝人)TheUpperCaveMan(山顶洞人)LiujiangMan(柳江人)ZiyangMan(资阳人),2.ThePrimitiveSociety,MatrilinealClanSociety:YangshaoCulture(仰韶文化)PatriarchalClanSociety:LongshanCulture(龙山文化),3.TheSlaverySociety,Xia(夏,about2070BC-1600BC):Qi(启)Shang(商朝,about1600BC-1046BC)YinXuinAnyangCity(安阳殷墟),3.TheSlaverySociety,WesternZhou(西周,1046BC-771BC)KingWen(文王,about?-1050BC)KingWu(武王,about1087BC-1043BC)Dan(旦,theDukeofZhou,周公,about?-1105BC)feudalfiefsystem(分封制),KingYou(幽王,?-?)Asmilecosts1,000piecesofgold.Thevassalsarefooledbythebeaconfire.,3.TheSlaverySociety,EasternZhou(770BC-256BC)KingPing(平王,about781BC-720BC)FiveHegemonsoftheSpringandAutumnPeriod(770BC-476BC):DukeHuanofQiState(齐桓公),DukeWenofJinState(晋文公),DukeMuofQinState(秦穆公),DukeXiangofSongState(宋襄公)andDukeZhuangofChuState(楚庄王)SevenGreatPowers:Qi(齐),Wei(魏),Zhao(赵),Han(韩),Qin(秦),Chu(楚)andYan(燕),4.TheFeudalSociety,Qin(221BC-207BC)YingZheng(嬴政,259BC-210BC)abolishingtheenfeoffmentsystem(分封制)adoptingthesystemofprefecturesandcounties(郡县制)standardizingthescript,currencies,andweightsandmeasureslinkingtheGreatWallbuildingamausoleumandpalacesonalargescaleburningclassicalbooksandburyingConfucianscholarsalivetheTerracottaWarriorsandHorses,4.TheFeudalSociety,4.TheFeudalSociety,WesternHanDynasty(206BC-25AD)LiuBang(刘邦,256BC-195BC)EmperorWen(文帝,202BC-157BC)andEmperorJing(景帝,188BC-141BC),4.TheFeudalSociety,WesternHanDynasty(206BC-25AD)EmperorWu(武帝,156BC-87BC)defeated,theHun(匈奴)adoptedDongZhongshus(董仲舒,179BC-104BC)thoughtopenedtheSilkRoadsentZhangQian(张蹇,?-?)totheWesternRegionsmarriedWangZhaojun(王昭君,about52BC-20BC)tothechieftainoftheHunin33BC.,4.TheFeudalSociety,Xin(新朝,9-25)WangMang(王莽,45BC-23AD),4.TheFeudalSociety,EasternHan(25-220)LiuXiu(刘秀,6BC-57AD),4.TheFeudalSociety,ThreeKingdomsPeriod(220-280)CaoCao(曹操,155-220)LiuBei(刘备,161-223)SunQuan(孙权,182-252),4.TheFeudalSociety,JinDynasty(晋,265-420)SimaYan(司马炎,236-290),WesternJin(265-316)andtheEasternJin(317-420)FiveBarbarianGroups:Di(氐),Jie(羯),Qiang(羌),Xianbei(鲜卑)andtheHun(匈奴)SixteenKingdoms:Han-FormerZhao(汉-前赵),Cheng-Han(成汉),FormerLiang(前凉),LaterZhao(后赵),FormerYan(前燕),FormerQin(前秦),LaterQin(后秦),LaterYan(后燕),WesternQin(西秦),LaterLiang(后凉),SouthernLiang(南凉),SouthernYan(南燕),WesternLiang(西凉),NorthernLiang(北凉),Xia(夏),NorthernYan(北燕).,4.TheFeudalSociety,SouthernDynasty(420-589):Song(宋,420-479),Qi(齐,479-502),Liang(梁,502-557)andChen(陈,557-589)NorthernDynasty(386-581):NorthernWei(北魏,386-534),EasternWei(东魏,534-550),NorthernQi(北齐,550-577),WesternWei(西魏,535-557)andNorthernZhou(北周,557-581),4.TheFeudalSociety,Sui(581-618)EmperorWen(杨坚,541-604)EmperorYang(炀帝,569-618)TheGrandCanal(京杭大运河),4.TheFeudalSociety,Tang(唐朝,618-907)LiYuan(李渊,566-635)LiShiming(李世民,598-649)WuZetian(武则天,624-705)LiLongji(李隆基,685-762theAn-ShiRebellion,4.TheFeudalSociety,FiveDynasties:theLaterLiang(后梁),LaterTang(后唐),LaterJin(后晋),LaterHan(后汉)andLaterZhou(后周)TenStates:FormerShu(前蜀),LaterShu(后蜀),Jingnan(荆南),SouthernHan(南汉),Wu(吴),SouthernTang(南唐),Chu(楚),Min(闽),Wu-Yue(吴越),NorthernHan(北汉),4.TheFeudalSociety,NorthernSong(北宋,960-1127)ZhaoKuangyin(赵匡胤,927-976)Liao(辽,907-1125):Qidan(契丹)WesternXia(西夏,1032-1227):Dangxiang(党项),4.TheFeudalSociety,SouthernSong(1127-1279)ZhaoGou(赵构,about1107-1187),4.TheFeudalSociety,Yuan(元朝,1271-1368)KublaiKhan(1162-1227)Jubilee(忽必烈,1215-1294),4.TheFeudalSociety,Ming(明朝,1368-1644)ZhuYuanzhang(朱元璋,1328-1398ZhuDi(朱棣),4.TheFeudalSociety,Qing(清朝,1644-1912)Manchu(满)clanKangxi(康熙,1654-1722)Yongzheng(雍正,1678-1735)Qianlong(乾隆,1711-1799)EmpressDowagerCixi(慈禧,1835-1908),5.DemocraticRevolutionPeriod,RepublicofChina(ROC)Dr.SunYat-sen(孙中山,1866-1925)PRC(PeoplesRepublicofChina),Post-classTasks,I.Fillintheblankswithwhatyouhavelearntfromtheunit.1)_,_,_and_werethefourgreatestancientcountrieswithadvancedcivilizationsintheworld.2)AccordingtoChinesemyth,_stoodontheearthandsupportedtheheavenwithhishands,thushecreatedtheworld._refinedthefive-coloredstonestomendthesky._drewtheEightDiagramsusedindivination._firstmadefire.3)_taughtpeopletocultivateandtastedalargenumberofherbstoidentifytheirmedicalfunctions.4)_controlledpartoftheYellowRiverValleyandinventedcart,boat,clothes,scriptandmedicine.Healsoordered_toinventcharactersand_toraisesilkworms.5)Today,Chinesepeopleathomeandabroadarestillregardedas_.,Post-classTasks,6)AccordingtoTheRecordsoftheGrandHistorian,“ThreeSovereigns”were:_,_and_while“FiveEmperors”were:_,_,_,_and_.7)Archeologicalsurveysshowthat_livedabout1.7millionyearsago._wasprovedtoliveabout1.15millionyearsago._livedabout400,000-500,000yearsago.8)_datingbackabout7,000-6,000yearsagowasprosperousincolor-paintedpottery,andwasalsocalled“Color-paintedPotteryCulturePeriod.”_datingbackaround4,900-4,000yearsagowasalsonamed“Grey-potteryCulturePeriod.”9)_foundedthefirstdynastyinChinesehistoryXia,whichmarkedthetransitionofthesocietyfromtheprimitivesocietyto_.10)_wasthefirstdynastywithrecordinChinesehistory.,Post-classTasks,11)“TheFiveHegemonsoftheSpringandAutumnPeriod”were_,_,_,_and_.IntheWarringStatesPeriod,“SevenGreatPowers”were_,_,_,_,_,_and_.12)Afterthelongbloodyfights,allpowerswereweakenedorstrengthenedwith_,_,_and_knownastheSouthernDynasty,whilethe_,_,_,_and_knownastheNorthernDynasty.13)_wastheonlyfemalemonarchinChinesehistory.14)In1912,_brokeoutundertheleadershipofDr.SunYat-senwhowasknownas_.Thelastemperor_wasforcedtodethrone.,Post-classTasks,II.TranslatethefollowingwordsorphrasesintoChinese.1)hominid2)Homoerectus3)Homosapiens4)MatrilinealClanSociety5)PatriarchalClanSociety6)feudalfiefsystem7)enfeoffmentsystem8)systemofprefecturesandcounties,Post-classTasks,III.Matchthefollowingtwogroupsofwordsandphrases.1)DaliMana.HenanProvince2)DingcunManb.ShanxiProvince3)MabaManc.GuangxiProvince4)UpperCaveMand.Beijing5)LiujiangMane.GuangdongProvince6)ZiyangManf.ShandongProvince7)YuanmouManh.YunnanProvince8)LantianMani.ShaanxiProvince9)YangshaoCulturej.SichuanProvince10)LongshanCulturek.ShaanxiProvince,Post-classTasks,IV.Fillinthefollowingchart.DynastyFounderCapitalQiYinXuWesternZhouHaojingEasternZhouKingPingYingZhengWesternHanLiuBangLiuXiuLuoyangWesternJinSimaYiSuiLiYuanZhaoKuangyinKaifengSouthernSongZhaoGouJubileeYanjing/DaduMingYingtianfuHuangtaiji,Post-classTasks,V.ExplainthefollowingphrasesinEnglish.1)TheReignPeriodoftheEmperorWensandEmperorJingsBenignAdministration2)EmperorWu3)TheProsperityintheEmperorGuangwusReignPeriod4)TheReignPeriodoftheFirstEmperorsBenignAdministrationoftheDynasty5)TheGrandCanal6)TheBenignAdministrationofWudeReignPeriod,Post-classTasks,7)ThePalaceCoupattheXuanwuGate8)TheBenignAdministrationoftheZhenguanReignPeriod9)TheBenignAdministrationofKaiyuanReignPeriod10)TheAn-ShiRebellion11)TheFiveDynastiesandTenStates12)YueFei,Post-classTasks,VI.Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.1)Whatis“clan”,howdiditform?2)Whenwasthefeudalfiefsystemfounded?Whatisit?3)HowdidtheChinesesayingscome,“Asmilecosts1,000piecesofgold”and“Thevassalsarefooledbythebeaconfire”?4)DoyouknowthefamousphilosophersoftheEasternZhouDynasty?Whoarethey?5)WhatdidYingZhengdoduringhisreign?6)WhataretheFiveBarbarianGroupswhodividedChinaintotheSixteenKingdoms?,Unit3GeneralKnowledgeonChineseCulture,Lead-inQuestions,1.WhatwerethefourgreatestinventionsinancientChina?2.Canyousaysomethingaboutscienceandtechnology,pharmacologyandmedicine,arts,literature,ideologyandeducationinancientChina?3.DoyouknowtheTenCelestialStemsandtheTwelveTerrestrialBranches?HowdidtheancientChinesemarkyears,months,daysandhours?,1.ScienceandTechnology,PekingApeMan:thefirstuserofnaturalfireTheUpperCaveMan:firstinventedartificialfireHemudu(河姆渡)People:firstmasteredtheskillofwell-drillingBanpoMan(半坡人):firstproducedarrow,fishhookwithagnailandfishfork,andfirstknewhowtospin,1.1Astronomy,XiaCalendar(夏历):Chinasfirstcalendar“theinscriptionsonanimalbonesortortoiseshells”(甲骨文)BookofOdesorClassicofPoetry(诗经):thefirstsuneclipserecordwithexactdateinChinaTheSpringandAutumnAnnals(春秋):theHalleysCometGanandShisClassicoftheConstellations(甘石星经)ZhangHeng(张衡,78-139):inventedtheworldsfirstwater-poweredarmillarysphere(浑天仪)andseismometer(地动仪)ZhangSui(张遂,alsonamedMonkYixing一行,673-727):DayanCalendar(大衍历),1.2AgricultureandPlanting,FanShengzhi(汜胜之):theWesternHanDynasty,FanShengzhisBook(汜胜之书)JiaSixie(贾思勰):theNorthernWeiDynasty,EssentialSkillsfortheCommonPeople(齐民要术)ChenFu(陈旉):theSouthernSongDynasty,OnAgriculture(农书)WangZhen(王桢):theYuanDynasty,OnAgriculture(农书)XuGuangqi(徐光启):ThoughtsandPracticeofAdvocatingAgriculture(农政全书)LuYu(陆羽):theTangDynasty,“theSaintofTea”,TheClassicofTea(茶经),1.3HandicraftandCommerce,theShangDynasty:smeltbronzeanduseirontoolstheSpringandAutumnPeriod:metallurgytheWesternZhouDynasty:SimuwuQuadrateVessel(司母戊大方鼎)MaogongTripod(毛公鼎)“industryandcommerceservingthegovernment”(工商食官)themethodofrecoveringmeltediron(高温液体还原法)Greatmerchants:BaiGui,LvBuwei,FanLiBartertradeCowryshellsMentalcurrencyroundcoinflyingmoney(飞钱)and“guifang”(柜坊,banksorstores)jiaozi(交子)porcelainmanufacturing:Tangtricolorceramics(唐三彩)Largeporcelainkilns:celadonvesselsofYueyaoKiln(越窖的青瓷)porcelainofXingyaoKiln(刑窖的白瓷)porcelaininJingdezheng(景德镇)theSongandYuanDynasties:GuanyaoKilninKaifengCity(开封的官窖)RuyaoKilninRuzhouCity(汝州的汝窖)JunyaoKilninYuzhouCity(禹州的钧窖)DingyaoKilninDingzhouCity(定州的定窖)GeyaoKilnatYuezhouTown(越州的哥窖),1.4AncientInventions,EasternHanDynasty:DuShi(杜诗)invented“shuipai”(水排)ThreeKingdoms:MaJun(马钧)improveddamaskloom(绫机)EasternJinandSouthernandNorthernDynasties:“jimingbu”(鸡鸣布)appearedYuanDynasty:HuangDaopo(黄道婆),1.4AncientInventions,ShenKuo(沈括):theSongDynasty,DreamPoolEssays(梦溪笔谈),“themilestoneinChinassciencehistory”.GuoShoujing(郭守敬):theYuanDynasty,ShoushiCalendar(授时历)SongYingxing(宋应星),thelateMingDynasty,ExploitationoftheWorksofNature(天工开物),“encyclopediaoftechnologyinthe17thcentury”.,1.4AncientInventions,Countingandtime-keepingdevices:shadowclockorsundial(日晷),waterclockclepsydra(滴漏),hourglass(沙漏)Ivorytallies(算筹),abacuspaper-making:CaiLun(蔡伦)in105,paperspecimenfromaWesternHantomb,1.4AncientInventions,theSuiDynasty:Woodblockprinting(雕版印刷)theTangDynasty:DiamondSutra(金刚经)in868NorthernSongDynasty:BiSheng(毕升),theceramicmovabletypeprinting(活字印刷)WangZhen(王祯):thewoodenmovabletype(木活字印刷)HuaSui(华燧):thebronzemetalmovabletype(铜活字印刷)Gunpowder:inventedintheSuiDynastyandusedinwarsintheNorthernSongDynastyCompass:theQinDynastysouth-pointingdevice(司南):theWarringStatesPeriodsouth-pointingspoon(司南勺):theEasternHanDynastysouth-pointingwagon(指南车)inventedbyMaJun(马钧)intheThreeKingdomssouth-pointingfishintheNorthernSongDynastysouth-pointingneedlelater,1.5ArchitectureandProject,BanopoMan:firstbuiltY-shapedhouseswithChineseethniccharacteristicsHemuduPeople:firstconstructedstilthousesmainlyappearedinthesouthofChinatheWarringStatesPeriod:LiBing(李冰,)andhissonconstructedDujiangyan(都江堰)IrrigationProjecttheQinDynasty:thefirstEmperorfirstlinkedtheGreatWalltheWesternHanDynasty:Kanerwell(坎儿井)theSuiDynasty:EmperorYangcarvedtheGrandCanalin605fromLuoyangtoZhuojun(涿郡)andYuhang(余杭)foursectionsfivegreatwatersystemstheSuiDynasty:LiChun(李春)designedZhaozhouBridge(赵州桥),theNorthernSongDynasty:LiXie(李械),BuildingStandards(营造法式)LuoyangBridge(洛阳桥theSouthernSongDynasty:AnpingBridge(安平桥),1.6PharmacologyandMedicine,theWarringStatesPeriod:BianQue(扁鹊),BianQuesInternalClassic(扁鹊内经)and“thefour-stepdiagnoses”theWesternHanDynasty:TheYellowEmperorsInternalClassic(黄帝内经)theEasternHanDynasty:ShennongsHerbalCanon(神农本草经)ZhangZhongjing(张仲景),“theSageofMedicine”,OnColdDamageandOtherDiseases(伤寒杂病论)HuaTuo(华佗),“theDivineDoctor”,“cannabisboilpowder”(麻沸散)and“thefrolicsofthefiveanimals”(五禽戏)theWesternJinDynasty:WangShuhe(王叔和),ThePulseClassic(脉经)theTangDynasty:TangMateriaMedica(唐本草)SunSimiao(孙思邈),“theKingofMedicine”,EssentialFormulasforEmergencies(千金要方)andSupplementtotheEssentialFormulasforEmergencies(千金翼方)theSouthernSongDynasty:SongCi(宋慈),CollectedCasesofInjusticeRectified(洗冤集录)theJinandYuanDynasties:LiuWansu(刘完素),ZhangCongzheng(张从正),LiGao(李杲)andZhuZhenxiang(朱震享)theMingDynasty:LiShizhen(李时珍),TheCategoryofHerbs(本草纲目),1.7Mathematics,theZhouDynasty:MultiplicationTable(九九乘法表)theWesternHanDynasty:TheArithmeticalClassicoftheGnomonandtheCircularPathsofHeaven(周髀算经)theEasternHanDynasty:TheNineChaptersontheMathematicalArt(九章算术)theSouthernDynasty:ZuChongzhi(祖冲之),MethodofInterpolation(缀术)andDamingCalendar(大明历),valueof“pi”theSouthernSongDynasty:QinJiushao(秦九韶),MathematicalTreatiseinNineChapters(数书九章),“QinJiushaosformula”,2.1Characters,Cangjie(仓颉)inventedcharactersCarvedsymbols(刻画符号):atBanpoSites(半坡遗址)thelateShangDynasty:“inscriptionsontortoiseshellsandanimalbones”(甲骨文)thelateShangandtheearlyZhou:Bronzeinscriptions(金文或锺鼎文),theBronzeAgethepictographiccharacters(象形文字)thelargesealstyle(大篆)thesmallsealscript(小篆)intheQinDynastyofficialscript(隶书,alsocalledclericalscript)attheendoftheQinDynastyofficialscript,grassscript(草书),runningscript(行书)intheHanDynastyregularscript(楷书),2.2CalligraphyandCalligraphers,StoneDrumInscriptionsWangXizhisThePreludeoftheOrchidPavilionWangXianzhisLuoShenFuandTheMid-AutumnYanZhenqingsStoneTabletofYanFamilyShrineandDuobaoTowerEpigraphZhangXusTheFourCopybooksof“AncientPoems”andRecordforStomachacheMiFusCalligraphyWrittenonSichuanSilkandCoralZhaoMengfusTaoistClassics,2.3Paintings,theQinandHanDynasties:CaiYong(蔡邕),LiSi(李斯),ZhangZhi(张芝),QiuJing(仇靖),ChengMiao(程邈)theWei,Jin,SouthernandNorthernDynasties:GuKaizhi(顾恺之),LuoshenAppraisalPainting(洛神赋图)theTangDynasty:WuDaozi(吴道子),“theSageofPainting”YanLiben(阎立本),ThirteenEmperorsScroll(历代帝王图)andEmperor,TangTaizongMeetingTibetanEmissaries(步辇图)theSongDynasty:ZhangZeduan(张择端),AlongtheRiverduringQingmingFestival(清明上河图)theMingDynasty:“thefourgreatestartistsintheMingDynasty”theQingDynasty(1644-1911):“theSixMasterPaintersintheearlyQingDynasty”,“theFourBuddhistMonks”,“theEightYangzhouEccentricPainters”,2.4Carvings,potteryvessels:pre-historicbronzewares:theShangandZhouDynastiestheincisedinscriptionandin-relief:theQinandHanDynastiesthelarge-scalestonecarvings,coloredBuddhistfiguresandthelivelydivineanimals:theWei,Jin,andSouthernandNorthernDynastiesexquisitegrottoartsandfascinatingtri-colorfigurines:theSuiandTangDynastiesamazingporcelainfigurinesandcarvings:theSong,Yuan,MingandQingDynastiesThefourfamousgrottos:MaogaoGrottoes(莫高窟),LongmenGrottoes(龙门石窟),YungangGrottoes(云岗石窟)andMaijishanGrottoes(麦积山石窟),2.5MusicandDanceandOpera,6,000-5,000yearsago:thepotterywindinstrument(陶埙)fromtheBanpoSites(半坡遗址)theShangandZhouDynasties:DukeofZhou(周公),foundedritesandmusictheWarringStatesPeriod:KingYisChimeBellsoftheZengState(曾候乙编钟),thereligiousdanceandthemilitarydancetheQinandHanDynasties:thefirstImperialMusicBureautheHanDynasty:thedrumdance,theyangge(秧歌)dancetheliondance,thedragondancetheThreeKingdomsandtheSouthernandNorthernDynasties:JiKang(嵇康),OntheAbsenceofSentimentsinMusic(声无哀乐论)andACompositionontheQin(琴赋),“sevensagesofthebamboogrove”,2.5MusicandDanceandOpera,theSuiandTangDynastiesandtheFiveDynasties:“jiaofang”(教坊),“threeinstitutionsofart”:theImperialAcademy,TaichangTempleandPearGardenAcademyYanyue(燕乐):folkmusicanddance:Foot-stompingSong(踏歌),LionDance(狮子舞),acrobaticstheSongandYuanDynasties:drama,fictionandimpressionisticpainting,ci(词),qu(曲),thenarrativesongs,zaju(杂剧)“wasi”(瓦肆)“thefourgreatestdramatistsintheYuanDynasty”GuanHanqing(关汉卿):TheJusticetoDoue(窦娥冤)MaZhiyuan(马致远):AutumnintheHanPalace(汉宫秋)BaiPu(白朴:RainonthePlaneTrees(梧桐雨)ZhenGuangzu(郑光祖):ChineseGhostStory(倩女幽魂)WangShifu(王实甫):TheRomanceoftheWesternBower(西厢记)theMingandQingDynasties:KunOpera(昆剧)andPekingOpera(京剧)ACollectionofMusicEssaysintheYonglePeriod(永乐琴书集成)ComprehensiveNotationforSouthernandNorthernCi-Poetry(九宫大成南北词宫谱)HanOpera,ChuanOpera,XiangOpera,MinOpera,QinqiangandLuOperaTangXianzu(汤显祖):ThePeonyPavilion(牡丹亭)HongSheng(洪昇):ThePalaceofEternalYouth(长生殿)KongShangren(孔尚任):ThePeachBlossomFan(桃花扇),3.1Literature,theWesternZhouDynastyandtheSpringandAutumnPeriod:ClassicsofPoetry(诗经),Feng(风),Ya(雅),Song(颂)theWarringStatesPeriod:QuYuan(屈原),“ChuCiStyle”(楚辞体),ChuCi(楚辞),LiSao(离骚),theDragonBoatFestival(端午节)theHanDynast:“HanFu(汉赋)”and“yuefu(乐府)”theTangDynasty:TheCompleteTangPoems(唐诗全集).LiBai(李白)“theFairyofPoem”DuFu(杜甫)“theSageofPoem”BaiJuyi(白居易),3.1Literature,theSongDynasty:Ci(词),SuShi(苏轼),XinQiji(辛弃疾),LiQingzhao(李清照)theYuanDynasty:zaju(杂剧)“thefourmasters”theMingandQingDynasties:thefourgreatestclassicalnovelsLuoGuanzhong(罗贯中):TheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms(三国演义)ShiNaian(施耐庵):OutlawsoftheMarsh(水浒传),WuChengen(吴承恩):TheJourneytotheWest(西游记)CaoXueqin(曹雪芹):DreamoftheRedMansion(红楼梦)LanlingXiaoxiaosheng(兰陵笑笑生):JinPingMei(金瓶梅)PuSongling(蒲松龄):StrangeStoriesfromaChineseStudio(聊斋志异)XuXiake(徐霞客):TheTravelDiariesbyXuXiake(徐霞客游记),“travelrecordliterature”(游记文学),3.2Historiography,theSpringandAutumnPeriod:TheChunqiuAnnals(春秋),Zuozhuan(左传),Guoyu(国语)theWesternHanDynasty:SimaQian(司马迁),“thefatherofChinesehistoriography”,TheRecordsoftheGrandHistorian(史记);StratagemsoftheWarringStates(战国策)byLiuXiang(刘向)theEasternHanDynasty:BanGu(班固),BookofHan(汉书).theWesternJinDynasty:ChenShou(陈寿),TheRecordsoftheThreeKingdoms(三国志)theTangDynasty:LiuZhiji(刘知已),GeneralityofHistoriography(史通);DuYou(杜佑),TheComprehensiveInstitutions(通典)theNorthernSongDynast
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