英语四级翻译题型介绍及解题思路.ppt

题型介绍,题型和分值,中译英(翻译句子的一部分)翻译部分(5%)满分为36分,评分原则及标准,2006年12月四级Translation1.整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。2.结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。3.整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。4.整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。5.大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。,解题技巧,解题思路,1,首先根据语法判断待译部分在句中的功能，结构及形式，即在句中充当什么成分,用动宾短语,介宾短语还是名词性短语,是否要用从句,是否要倒装等2,注意选词应尽量贴切,尤其要注意搭配是否正确,不要混用近义词和形近词.3,翻译完成后再次通读句子，检查有无拼写,用词,语法或逻辑错误，检查句子(整句)是否完整，主谓是否一致,代词和名词是否一致,是否遗漏了结构词,介词等,并进行必要的修改和润色.,种常考语法要点归纳,，比较结构1).Onaverage,itissaid,visitorsspendonly_（一半的钱）inadayinLeedsasinLondon.(halfasmuchmoney)2)Americanseat_（两倍）proteinastheyactuallyneedeveryday.(twiceasmuch)3)Thenumberofthestudentsinthiscityhas_(增加了6倍)incomparisonwith2001.(increased6times),，用于表示“与相比”的短语1)Yourlossesintradethisyeararenothing_（与我的相比）(comparedwithmine/incomparisonwithmine)2)SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat_(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)nothingismoreattractivetomethanreading3)Thetrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasntbotheredbyhisloudnesssosuch_（而是他缺乏天分）asbyhislackoftalent,，状语从句包括：as/though引导的让步状语从句；hardly/barely/scarcelywhen和nosoonerthan引导的时间状语从句；以及nowthat既然，由于inthat因为，由于Incase/forfearthat/lest以防，万一，以免Unless/Whetheror等引导的状语从句,Examples:1)._（家也许很简陋）,theresnoplacelikehome,whereverhemaygo.(Humbleasitmaybe)2)._（我们一到山顶）thanweallsatdowntorest.(Nosoonerhadwereachedthetopofthehill)3)._(既然你很熟悉作者的想法),tryreadingallthesectionsasquicklyasyoupossiblycan.(Nowthatyouarefamiliarwiththeauthorsideas)4).Criticismandself-criticismisnecessary_(由于他们能帮助我们找出和改正错误)（inthatithelpstofindandcorrectourmistakes）.,5）Givemeyourtelephonenumber_(以备我需要你的帮助)（incaseIneedyourhelp）.6）_（政府才能有效运行）unlessitisfreefromsuchinterference.(Governmentcannotoperateeffectively)7）Thesubstancedoesnotdissolveinwater_（不管是否加热）(whether(itis)heatedornot),，名词性从句1）Weagreedtoaccept_（任何一位他们认为最好的）touristguide.(whoevertheythoughtwasthebest)2)Insomecountries,_（所谓的平等）doesnotreallymeanequalrightsforallpeople.(whatiscalled“equality”)3)_（给我印象最深的）wereherlivelinessandsenseofhumor.Whatimpressedmethemost,，定语从句1)Agoodmanyproposalswereraisedbythedelegates,_(正如预料的那样).(aswastobeexpected)2)TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,_（正如经常发生在其他国家的情形一样）(asisoftenthecaseinothercountries)3)Imnotaccustomedtosuchluxury,_(它简直是浪费钱).whichisjustawasteofmoney,只能用that，而不能用which的主要情况）当先行词是all,anything,everything,few,little,much,none,nothing,something等不定代词时）当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时）当先行词被thevery,theonly等词修饰时,，虚拟语气）用于表语从句和同位语从句中(order,command,demand,insist,maintain,request,require,ask,recommend,propose,suggest,move,desire,etc.)）用于Itis+adj./n.+that结构中(advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fundamental,imperative,important,necessary,proper,urgent,vital,proper,apity,ashame,nowonderthat)）用于宾语从句中wish）用于某些特定结构中Ifonly,wouldrather+从句,asthough/if,Itis(high)timethat等等,1)Theprofessorrequiredthat_（我们交研究报告）(wehandinourresearchreports)2)Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident_（被任命）forthiscollege.(beappointed)3)Somewomen_(本来能够挣一份很好的工资)inajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesaleofthefamily.(couldhavemadeagoodsalary).,4).Butforhishelp,I_(我不可能这么早完成)wouldnothavefinishedsoearly5)Thevictim_(本来有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.wouldhavesurvived6)Itstime_(采取措施)aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.somethingwasdone/somemeasuresweretaken,，倒装结构）表示否定或限定意义的词或短语位于句首时a.seldom,rarely,never;b.Hardly/Scarcelywhen,Nosoonerthan;c.包含only的状语出现在句首;d.当包含no的短语出现在句首,atnotime,undernocircumstances,innoway,onnoaccount,onnocondition,bynomeans,etc.）so,neither,nor引导的句子承前表示同类情况时）地点状语位于句首，动词是come,lie,stand,walk等,1)Notuntilthegamehadbegun_（他才到达）thesportsaround.didhearriveat2)Ifyouwontagreetoourplan,_(他们也不会同意).neitherwillthey3)Hehadunderstoodnothing,_(也没尝试着去)understand.nordidhetryto4)OnlyafterIslappedhimontheback_(他才发现我并高兴得叫起来).didhenoticemeandshoutedwithhappiness,，并列成分（and,or,nor,but,notbut,than,ratherthan;bothand,notonlybut(also),eitheror;neithernor,etc,1)Infact,PeterwouldratherhaveleftforSanFrancisco_（而不愿待在纽约）thanstayedinNewYork.2)Innocountry_（除了在英国）,ithasbeensaid,canoneexperiencefourseasonsinthecourseofasingleday.otherthanBritain3)_（这两本书都不认为）theopinionthatthedangerofnuclearwarisincreasing.Neitherofthetwobooksholds,种常考词汇要点归纳,接不定式或动名词的动词及短语anticipate,appreciate,consider,deny,dislike,enjoy,favor,mind,practise,report,resent,risk,keep,imagine/fancy,recall,defend,justify,include,involve,advise/suggest,admit/acknowledge,confess,delay,postpone,excuse/forgive,miss,escape,avoid,tolerate,resist,giveup,putoff,dreamof/about,despairof,objectto,counton,feellike,perseverein,insiston,stickto,persistin,succeedin,lookforwardto,have(no)trouble/difficulty(in)接动名词,refuse,afford,agree,choose,claim,manage,offer,pretend,promise,swear,venture,guarantee,decide/determine/resolve,desire/hope/wish,expect,hadbetter,cannotbut,may/mightaswell,wouldrather/sooner,etc接不定式,1)Mr.Johnsonpreferred_.（别人给他重活干）tobegivenheavierworktodo2)Shewouldappreciate_（收到来信）yousometime.hearingfrom3)Iused_（以前抽烟抽得很凶）,butIgaveitupthreeyearsago.tosmokeheavily4)Ifyoudontliketoswim,you_（不妨待在家里）mayaswellstayathome,B.表因果关系的动词词组leadto/resultin;giveriseto;resultfrom/arisefrom;originatein/from;beresponsiblefor.常用短语haveaccessto;takeintoaccount/consideration;accusesbof(doing)sth;benefitby/fromsth;chargesbwithsth;chargesb(money)forsth;commentonsth/makecommentsonsth;concentrate(onesattention)on/upon;convincesbofsth;come/gointoeffect;takeeffect;beentitiledto(doing)sth;findfaultwith;focuson(doing)sth;catchaglimpseofsth/sb;informsbof/aboutsth;be/getinvolvedinsth;keep/holdpace(with);makesense;spend(time,money,etc.)onsth/indoingsth,beaccustomed/usedto(doing)sth;beashamedof;be(well/fully)awareof;becommittedto;becomposedof;beconcernedabout;beconcernedwith;beconsciousof;beconsistentwith;becontentwith;becriticalof;befamiliarwith;befamiliarto;beignorantof/about;beinferiorto;bejealousofsb/sth;feel/benervousabout/of;beoptimisticabout;berelevantto;besensitiveto;besimilarto;beuneasyabout/atsth,on/inbehalfof;incase;incaseof;inchargeof;bein(outof)contactwith;toacertainextent;infavorof;inhonorof;inparticular;onthepointof;onpurpose;forthesakeofaheartattack;atouristattraction;acaseinpoint;heavyrain/snow/traffic;opening/closing/degree/graduationceremony;severepunishment/pain/injuries/drought/storm,真题解析,2006.6,1.Havingspentsometimeinthecity,hehadnotrouble_(找到去历史博物馆的路).findingthewaytothehistorymuseum关键采分点之一必然是看考生在答案中是否使用了动名词形式2._(为了挣钱供我上学)，Motheroftentakesonmoreworkthanisgoodforher.Inordertotofinancemyeducation动词的选择，还可用raisemoney,support，afford3.Theprofessorrequiredthat_(我们交研究报告)。wehandinourresearchreports句型：虚拟语气requirethatsb.(should)dosth.；,4.Themoreyouexplain,_(我愈糊涂).themoreconfusedIam掌握themore,themore句型；另外confused的使用5.Thoughaskilledworker,_(他被公司解雇了).hewasfiredbythecompany让步状语从句；关键采分点之一是看考生是否掌握though引导让步状语从句时，主句不应有but存在。,2006.12,1)Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaysthatitisnoteasyto_(适应不同文化中的生活)adjust/adapttolifeinadifferentculture;adapttolivingindifferentcultures注意adaptto后接动名词2)SincemychildhoodIhavefondthat_(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)nothingattractsmemorethanreading;nothingismoreattractive/appealingtomethanreadingNothingismorethan和Nothingissoas都具有最高级比较的意思，指“没有比更”。,3)Thevictim_本来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.wouldhavehadachanceofsurviving;wouldhavesurvived虚拟语气4)Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople_(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)arelikelyto/may/mightfeellonelywhen(theyare)awayfromhome5)Thenationspopulationcontinuestorise_(以每年1200万人的速度)atarateof12millionper/a/eachyear;atarateof12millionpeopleannually;atanannualrateof12,000,000;by12millionyearlyataspeedof(以的速度)；其二是数字1200万人的表达，也就是12个百万12million而million后面加上多余的复数s则是很多同学容易出现的错误。,2007.6,1).Thefindingofthisstudyfailedto_(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内)takepeoplessleepqualityintoaccounttakeintoaccount/consideration2).ThepreventionandtreatmentofAIDSis_（我们可以合作的领域）thefield(where)wecancooperate/thefieldinwhichwecancooperate定语从句,3).Becauseoftheleginjury,theathlete_(决定退出比赛）decidedtoquitthematchdecidetodosth.;另外quit的使用4).Tomakedonationsorformoreinformation,please_（按以下地址和我们联系）contactusatthefollowingaddresscontact的用法5).Pleasecomehereattentomorrowmorning_（如果你方便的话）ifitisconvenientforyou/atyourconvenience,2007.12,1_（多亏了一系列的发明），doctorscantreatthisdiseasesuccessfully.Thankstoaseriesofnewinventions2.Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat_(我比以前更容易累了).Iammoreinclinedtogettiredthanbefore3.Imgoingtopursuethiscourse,_(无论我要做出什么样的牺牲)nomatterwhatkindofsacrificeIwillmake,4.Iwouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepartmentstorebecause_(它更加方便和省时)theformerismoreconvenientandtime-saving5.ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife_(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的),nothowmuchtheycanearn.ismeasuredbyhowmuchtheycanborrow,模拟练习,1.（如果你设法与Smith先生取得联系）_theproblemwillbesolvedeasilybecauseheisanexpertinthisfield.ifyoumanagetogetintouchwithMrSmithmanagetodo表示成功地做成某事，不成功不可以用2.Theproblemliesinhowpeoplelookatthosestudents_（专心追求知识的）.whoareknowledge-oriented/absorbedacquiringknowledgesth.-oriented追求;定语从句3.OnChildrensDay,kids_有资格免费进入）toallthecityparks.areentitledtofreeadmissionsbeentitledtosth.对享有权利,值得;有（做某事）的资格权利,4.Therestaurantnextdoorservesgoodfood,buttheoneacrossthestreetismuchbetter_（就服务而言）.asfarastheserviceisconcernedso/asfarasbeconcerned就而言，concerned用作形容词解作“有关的”时，是后置定语，大都放在它所修饰的名词之后。5._（每当天气不好时）,hetakeswhateverumbrellahecanfind.whenevertheweatherisbadWhenever的使用是关键,6.Thoughyoustayintheseaforweeks,youwillnot_(失去联系)theoutsideworld.losecontactwith短语losecontactwith/losetouchwith与失去联系7.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,_(正在研制)andperfectednow.arebeingdevelopedbebeingdone现在进行时的被动语态表示此时此刻某事正在被做。其中动词be应随主语作相应变化。,8.Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren_(有很强的影响)thecharacterofthechildren.hasastronginfluenceon/effectoninfluence/effect作名词（常与on连用）对有影响力。influence指通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响,如:Influencedbyahigh-schoolbiologyteacher,hetookupthestudyofmedicine.effect指实现、达成,着重造成一种特殊的效果,如:Thisbookeffectedachangeinmyopinion.,9.Theroomisinaterriblemess;it_（肯定没打扫过）.canthavebeencleaned【超级句型】情态动词+havedone表示推测，must/can/may/might/could各用于不同句型中，must只用于肯定句中，can/could不能用于肯定句中，may/might不能用于疑问句中。cant表示不可能，maynot表示可能不。如题中推测的为过去的事情，情态动词后则用完成形式。10.Withtearsonherface,thelady_(看着他受伤的儿子被送进手术室）watchedherinjuredsonsentintotheoperationroom.see/watchsb./sth.+done强调某动作的全过程，且宾语和动作间是被动关系,11.Aftertheterroristattack,tourists_(被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游）wereadvisednottotraveltothatcountryatthemomentadvise一般用法：advisesb.todo;advisedoing特殊注意：后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advisethatsb.(should)do的形式。12.(他把自己奉献于社区工作)_andispassionateaboutwhatheisdoing.hedevotedhimselftothecommunitybedevotedto有两个含义：A.专心致志于，献身于；B.热爱，很喜欢。作为动词的devote常用下列成语类的搭配：devoteoneself/oneslifetosth/doingsth.13.WhenSandyrecoveredfromcancer,herdoctor_(把此归因于她对未来的信念).attributedittoherfirmbeliefinthefuture”attributeto”，“把归因于”是大学英语四级考查率极高的一个语言点。,14:Manshouldnotexploitthenaturalresources_(以牺牲其他物种为代价).atthecostofsacrificing/lossofotherspeciesatthecostof（以为代价），其含义和用法与attheexpenseof相同。另atallcosts意为“不惜一切代价”。15.Attheendofhisspeech,theschoolmasterencouragedthechildrentoworkhard_(不要让父母失望).andnottolettheirparentsdown【超级短语】let.down(使失望)，形容词表示失望有disappointed.,16.Iprefertocommunicatewithmycustomers_(通过写电子邮件而不是打电话）viaE-mailinsteadoftelephoneInsteadof的意思是“代替”、“而不”，后面常跟名词、代词和动名词，偶尔也跟复合结构17.Hewasdisabledfrombirth,butheneverfeltfrustrated,_(也从未屈服于任何困难).andneveryieldedtoanydifficultiesaswellyieldto屈服，让步。18.Thescientisttriedtoconvinceusthatatigerwouldnotattackus_(除非它走途无路).unlessitscorneredunless除非，如果不；corner名词作“角落、绝路”，作为及物动词时表示“无路可走”。,19.Ididntevenspeaktohim,_(更不用说与他讨论事情).letalonediscusswithhimletalone用作连词，译为“更不用说了”20.ProfessorClarkwasabitstrictwithus,_(但我们确实从他那里学到了很多).butwedolearnalotfromhimdo放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气,