英语四级汉英翻译高分技巧.ppt

,教育部大学外语四级考试,汉英翻译高分策略,主讲人：马鹤鸣北京对外经济贸易大学副教授北京市高等院校外语教学研究中心副主任国家商务英语研究中心研究员大学外语四六级考试阅卷组成员上海外国语大学英语语言学博士,讲座内容提要,大学外语四级考试汉英翻译10大考点及例句分析汉英翻译A类句型练习（54个基本句式）,大学外语四级考试汉英翻译10大考点及例句分析,汉英翻译中的10大必考考点：1.被动语态在不同时态中的应用2.形容词和副词的比较级（一般不考最高级）3.倍数、半数的表达法4.require、demand、order、claim等动词后接宾语从句时从句的虚拟性表达5.Itistime、Itisnatural等词后接宾语从句时从句的虚拟性表达6.If引导的条件状语从句、及虚拟语气的表达定语从句的恰当表达7.nomatter引导的状语从句8.主语从句、动词不定式复合结构作主语9.现在分词和过去分词在句子中的应用10.倒装句式的使用,1.被动语态在不同时态中的应用,Ieattheapple.Theappleiseaten(byme).一般现在时Iatetheapple.Theapplewaseaten(byme).一般过去时Iwilleattheapple.Theapplewillbeeaten(byme).一般将来时,Iameatingtheapple.Theappleisbeingeaten(byme).现在进行时Iwaseatingtheapple.Theapplewasbeingeaten(byme).过去进行时Iwillbeeatingtheapple.Theapplewillbebeingeaten(byme).将来进行时Ihaveeatentheapple.Theapplehasbeeneaten(byme).现在完成时Ihadeatentheapple.Theapplehadbeeneaten(byme).过去完成时Iwillhaveeatentheapple.Theapplewillhavebeeneaten.将来完成时,2.形容词和副词的比较级（一般不考最高级）,2.1ThemorethemoreImysixtiesonechangeInoticeisthatIfeelmoretiredthan(Iwas)before.(2007/12)Themoreyouexplain,themoreIwasconfused.(2006/6),2.2表示“比较”的短语comparesth.withsth.sth.iscomparedwithsth.incomparisonwithYourlossesintradethisyeararenothingwhen(theyare)comparedwithmine.(2005/6样题),3.倍数、半数的表达法,3.1倍数的表达Thesizeofmyroomisthreetimesthesizeofyours.我房间的面积是你房间的三倍。ThemoneyyouearnisfourtimesthatIearn.你的挣的钱是我的三倍。,3.2半数的表达Onaverage,visitorsspendonlyhalfasmuchasinadayinLeedsasinLondon.(2009/12样题)Hisincomeisone-forthasmuchasmine.Hisincomeisone-forthofmine.,4.require、demand、order、claim等动词后接宾语从句时从句的虚拟性表达,TheprofessorrequiredthatourreportbehandedinbyWednesday.(2006/6)Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeoplefeellonelywhentheygooutontheirown.(2006/12)Isuggestthathegotoseethedoctorafterthetest.(2010/6样题),5.Itistime、Itisnatural等词后接宾语从句时从句的虚拟性表达,Itistimeforustohaveawalk.Itistherighttime(exacttime/hightime)thatIhadawalk.Itisnaturalforustotryourbesttostudywell.Itisnaturalthatwe()tryourbesttostudywell.Itisnaturalthatwetriedourbesttostudywell.,6.If引导的条件状语从句、及虚拟语气的表达,Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwontgotoschool.(真实语气)6.1如设想的事情在将来不可能发生，则表现为：从句一般过去时+主句过去将来时Ifin2010allthedogsbecamedonkeys,therewouldbenoanimaltosafeguardhomes.,6.2如果If假设的事情在现在或惯常现象中不可能发生，则表现为：从句一般过去时+主句过去将来时IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotchangeherhabit.,6.3如果If对过去已成事实的东西表示一种后悔，则表现为：从句过去完成时+主句would+现在完成时事实：YesterdayIwenttothedowntownandIlostmymoney.后悔：IfyesterdayIhadnotgonetothedowntown,Iwouldnothavelostmymoney.,7.nomatter引导的状语从句,Thesubstancedoesnotdissolveinthewaternomatterwhetheritisheated.(2010/6样题)Thisisyourhomeforevernomatterhowfaryouareintheworld.,8.主语从句、动词不定式复合结构作主语,Thathejoinedthearmymadeeveryonesurprised.Itmadeeveryonesurprisedthathejoinedthearmy.Thathediedlastnightwasashockingpieceofnews.Itwasashockingpieceofnewsthathediedlastnight.,9.现在分词和过去分词在句子中的应用,9.1两种分词作状语BecauseTimcamelate,Timwasveryshy.省略省略Cominglate,Timwasveryshy.BecauseTimwasscolded,Timwasveryshy.省略省略省略Scolded,Timwasveryshy,现在分词表示主动或进行；过去分词表示被动或完成。,9.2两种分词作定语,Mr.LuisateacherwhoteachesusEnglish.Mr.Luisateacher省略teachingusEnglish.,Mr.Luisateacherwhowaspraisedbyus.Mr.Luisateacher省略省略praisedbyus.,9.3两种分词作补语,Allofussawheworkedfor6hours.Allofussawhimworkingfor6hours.,Allofussawhewaspunishedbytheteacher.Allofussawhim省略punishedbytheteacher.,10.倒装句型：,Onlybydoingthis,can+主语+谓语Onlybydoingthis,canwerealizethe4modenness.,Notuntildo(did)+主语+谓语Notuntilhecameback,didIgotosleep.,2.汉英翻译A类句型练习（54个/出现率66.66%）,1）Thesizeofmyroomisthreetimesthesizeofyours.我房间的面积是你房间的三倍。2)Tomboughtasamebookasmineearlythismorning.汤姆今天早上买了一本和我的一样的书。3）Iwasreadinganovelwhenmymothercameintofetchsomebooks.我正在读小说，突然我妈妈进来送些书给我。,4）Sincehehasbeenlate,Iwillleavesomemessagenotesforhim.既然他已经晚点了，我就给他留几个便条吧。5)Heeventuallysucceededafter（heexperienced）manyfailures.在经历了许多失败之后，他终于成功了。6）Wegotverysurprisedathisgoingtoschoollateeveryday.我们对他天天上学迟到感到惊奇。,7）Everybodywasshockedatherkillingboyfriend.她能杀了她男朋友，大家都很吃惊。8）Idontbelievethathecanmock/ridiculeme.我不相信他会嘲弄我。9）TheclimateinShenyangiswarmerthanthatinChangchun.沈阳的天气比长春暖和。,10）Wespentmuchmoremoneyontheprojectthanwehadplannedtospend.在这个工程上，我们比原计划花费了更多的钱。11）WangTongdealswitheverythingmorecarefullythanI（do）.王同做任何事情都比我认真.12)Situationisactuallybetterthanwasexpected.情况比我们预计的要好。,13）Themoneywhichwasspentonthebridgeprojectismuchmorethanhadbeenexpected.在这个工程上的花费比原来计划的多得多。14）Wehadthoughtthathewassuretofailtheexam,butheturnedouttopassit.我们原以为他一定考试不及格，但结果他过去了。15)Eventhoughhefailedtolendmemoney,butIwillsay“thankyouallthesame/thankyouanyway”.即使他没能借我钱，但是我还是要说“无论如何都谢谢你”。,16)Tomwasseentogointhedarkstreetbyhimself.人们看见汤姆黑夜一个人在大街上走。17)Heissoselfishthateveryonedislikes/istiredofhim.他太自私了，每个人都讨厌他。18）Hadhenotbeensocareless,hewouldnothavelosthismoney.如果他昨天不那么粗心，他就不会丢钱了。,19）Ifyouwerehappyeveryday,youwouldfeelboredeveryday.如果你天天快乐，你就会觉得每天很没意思。20）IfIhadbeentherethatday,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.如果那天我在那，我就会无条件帮你。21）Becauseclingingtohismotherfrequently,theboyisdislikedbyhismother.由于男孩经常缠着他的妈妈，他妈妈很讨厌他。,22）Comparedwithotherbikesofthismodel，thisbikeisthebest.和其他同款自行车相比，这款是最好的。23）Afterinformedofretirement,hewasupsetfornearlyayear.当通知他退休之后，他郁闷了将近一年。24）Havingthepowerofclay,Ishouldbeinformedofeverything.我有知情权，什么事情都应该通知我。,25）Asisreported，hewasseentobreakintothebank.据新闻报道，有人看见他那天晚上闯入了银行。ThehousewhosedooriswhitebelongstoProf.Liu.门是白色的那个房子是刘教授的。27)Thereisnoparentbutlovestheirchildren.没有不爱子女的父母。（空格部分不能用动词的否定式）,28)TheairportbeingbuiltisShenyangTaoxianAirport.正在建设的机场是沈阳桃仙机场。29）Thenewswhichweareawareofisverycreative.我们注意到的那个消息很有新意。30）Sorry,theWCisunavailablewhenthetrainisstabilizing.对不起，火车停车时厕所不能使用。,31）Wehadallthoughtthathediedafterthewar,butheturnedouttosurvive.我们都以为战后他已经死了，结果他还活着。32)Themoneythegovernmentgivesmeismuchmorethanwasneeded.政府给我的钱要比实际需要的多很多。33）Hiscomingtoschoollatemadetheteacherveryirritated.他上学迟到了使老师很生气。,34)Theroadisbeingwidened.道路正在被加宽。35)Smokingisforbiddeninthemeetingroom.会议室不许吸烟。36)Thetrafficinthiscrossroadsisthesamecrowdedastheoneinthatcrossroads.这个十字路口的交通和那个一样拥挤,37）ShermanismuchtallerthanIam.谢尔曼比我高得多。38)Thereisnoparent_theirchildren.没有不爱子女的父母。（空格部分不能用动词的否定式）39）Takeiteasy,itwillbe15minutesbeforeIcomeback.别急，我15分钟就回来。,but,40)Maybe,whathethoughtisright.也许他所想的是对的。41)Thetriumphoftherevolutionattributestothesacrificeofeverybody.革命的成功归功于每个人的牺牲。42)Whotreatsmetomorrow?明天谁请我吃饭？,43)Airistothehumanwhatwateristofish.空气对于人类就像水对鱼一样。44）Itisgoodforchildrentohaveasunbathinginthesun.在太阳底下晒日光浴对孩子有好处。45）Chinasmarketentitlesusachancetodevelop,asismanifestingyearbyyear.中国的市场赋予了我们很大的发展机遇，这一点越来越明显。,46）SheleftChinarightaftershecamejustbecauseshedidntadapttotheclimateinChina.她来了不久就离开了中国就是因为她不适应中国的气候。47）Idontbelievethatshehassaidthecafeteriadoesntfither.她说她不习惯吃快餐，我们都不信。48）Thelinetotherightisbeingrepaired,pleasedrivetotheleft.右侧道路正在维修，请靠左侧行驶。,49)Wearesotiredafter8-hoursworkthatwenttosleeprightafter9oclock.我们八小时工作之后太累了，刚刚过九点就睡了。50）AsfarasIknow,heisapersonpursuingperfect.据我所知，他是个追求完美的人。51）Thankstohishelp,wecanarrivethestationontime.多亏了他那天的热心帮助，我们才按时到达车站。,52）Abigbananatreehasgrownupwhereheisburied.在埋葬他的地方，长出了一棵很大的香蕉树。53）IsolutetoyourhonoredpeopleonbehalfofChinesepeople.我代表中国人民，向贵国人民表示慰问。54)Iwasirritatedthathetalkedtomethewayheorderedhisson.我非常生气，他用命令他儿子的口气和我说话。,要求同学们做三件事：谙熟汉英翻译的10大基本语法点熟练54个A类基本句型复习材料中的历年真题（不要记答案，要体会基本句型和常用短语）,2010年10月18日（星期一）,同学们再见,