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大学英语四级写作评分标准,大学英语四级考试大纲要求：考试时间为30分钟，至少120词的短文。试卷上可以给出题目，或规定情境，或要求看图作文，或给出段首句要求续写，或给出题目以及中文提纲要求写短文，或给出关键词要求写成短文。写作要求切题，能正确表达思想，意义连贯，条理通顺，无重大语言错误。写作内容包括日常生活和一般常识。如果达不到规定的词数，酌情扣19分。其中，题目所给的起始句，主题句，结束句不计入所写的总字数。如果题目要求写三段式作文，只写一段为04分，两段为09分，文不对题或只有孤立的几个词，无法表达思想的为0分。,四级考试中，写作在百分制中满分为15分，其阅卷标准共分为五等：2，5，8，11，14。各分数段的具体标准如下：2条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎，大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5基本切题，表达思想不清楚，连贯性差，有较多的语言错误。8基本切题,有些地方表达思想不够清楚。文字勉强连贯。语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11切题,表达思想清楚，文字连贯。但有少量语言错误。14切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上没有语言错误，仅有个别小错误。,2段落组织（1）开头段落首段要引人入胜，并帮助读者抓住要领，易于领会全文；开头方法有：引用名人名言；如：Astheproverbgoes；Itgoeswithoutsayingthat；Thereisnodenyingthat；Aseveryoneknows数字统计；如：Accordingtoarecentsurvey,about789%ofthecollegestudentswantedtofurthertheirstudyaftertheirgraduation；Arecentstudyshowsthat,描述现象现状；如：WiththereformofChinesehighereducation,moreandmorecollegesanduniversitiesputemphasison；Nowadays,somefamousuniversitieshavebecomeahottouristattraction.对立观点陈述;如：Somepeoplebelievethatwhileothersarguethat,（2）主体段落主体段落由三部分组成，也就是主题句(topicsentence)，推展句(supportingstatement)和结论句(concludingstatement)。主题句概括段落的主要内容，它不仅确定段落的主题，而且限制该主题在本段落详细讨论的范围。因此主题句是整个段落的纲领。推展句是对主题句的论证，解释和说明，是每段的主体部分。只有写好了推展句才能使文章言之有理，具有说服力。在文章写作中，推展句的多少，长短要适中。既要把思想内容表达清楚，叙述翔实，又要注意简明扼要，重点突出。句与句之间应脉络清晰，相辅相成。结论句是用来标志段落的结束，同时向读者提供记忆的要点。但并非所有的段落句都是总结句。,主体段落的写作方法有举例论证段、对比比较段、因果分析段、利弊分析段等。举例论证段落。通过举出典型事例来解释作者观点，且事例可多可少。例如：Therearecasesinwhichpeoplehavetotradegoodsforthethingstheyneed.Forexample,apersonwhoneedssomethingbadlyandhappenstobepenniless,whatshouldhedo?Agoodsolutionforhimistotradethegoodshehasforthethingsheneeds.Foranotherexample,apersonneedssomethinganditsownerisreluctanttosellitunlesshegetsthethinghewants.Insuchcase,thepersonhastotradegoodsforwhatheneeds.,举例论证中常用的连接词有forexample(instance),suchas,takeforexample,besides,furthermore,moreover,whatismore,inaddition等。举例论证中常用的句型有：Agoodcaseinpointis.Asanillustration,wemaytake.Suchexamplesmightbegiveneasily.isoftencitedasanexample.,对比法或比较段。将同类事物按照某种特定的规则进行比较分析，通过对比更容易阐述所述对象之间的异同和优缺点。例如：Theheartofanelectroniccomputerliesinitsvacuumtubesortransistors.Itselectroniccircuitsworkthousandtimesfasterthanthenicercellsinthehumanbrain.Aproblemthatmighttakeahumanbeingalongtimetosolvecanbesolvedbyacomputerinoneminute.常用于比较或对比的连接过渡词:morethan，comparedwith，incontrastwith，asas，besimilarto，similarly，thesameas，justlike，justas等。,写作必备经典替换词,1、代替important:significant,vital,main,crucial,momentous,itmakesagreatdifferencethat,beofimportance,playanimportantrolein2、代替moreandmore:Increasing(ly)，growing。（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly）eg.Sthhasgainedgrowingpopularity.Sthisincreasinglypopularwiththeadvancementofsth.,3、代替think的短语：harbortheideathat，taketheattitudethat，holdtheviewthat，itiswidelysharedthat，itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat,personallyspeaking代替think的单词：believe,assume,claim,argue,suppose，deem,reckon,consider,guess4.anarmyof，anoceanof，aseaof，amultitudeof，manya(后跟单数名词），ifnotmost代替many。停于此注：用many，ifnotmost一定要小心，many后一定要有词eg.Manyindividuals，ifnotmost，harbortheideathat.同理用most，ifnotall，代替most。,5、代替good:positive，favorable，rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect，pleasurable，excellent，outstanding。6.代替bad:negative,dreadful，unfavorable，poor，adverse(有害的)。7、代替thing:affair，business，matter,issue,event。8、asliceof，quietafew，several代替some。9、desire代替want。,10.代替very:exceedingly，extremely，extraordinary。11.代替like:prefer,enjoy,love,appreciate12、代替attractonesattention:captureonesattention/heart,isamagnettosb.。13、代替aspect:facet，dimension，sphere。14、代替cause:giveriseto，leadto，resultin，trigger。,15.formypart，frommyownperspective代替inmyopinion。16、bearinmindthat代替remember。17、frownonsth代替beagainst，disagreewithsth。18、tonameonlyafew，asanexample代替forexample19、individuals，characters，folks代替people，persons。20、sbtakeinterestin:sthappealstosb，sthexertsatremendousfascinationonsb。,四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,12套语1）Itswellknowntousthat2）Asisknowntous，3）Thisisatopicthatisbeingwidelytalkedabout4）Fromthegraph（table，chart）listedabove，itcanbeseenthat5）Asaproverbsays，“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway例如：Asiswellknowntous,itisimportantforthestudentstoknowtheworldoutsidecampusThereasonforthisisobvious.Nowadays,thesocietyischanginganddevelopingrapidly,andthecampusisnolongeran“ivorytower.再如：Doesitpaytobehonest？Thisisatopicthatisbeingwidelytalkedaboutanddifferentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsonit,大学英语四级考试作文常用句型,A.开头1、Thereisaninterestingandinstructivepicturewhichgoeslikethis:_.2、_hasbecomeahottopicamongpeople,especiallyamongtheyoung,andheateddebatesarerightontheirway.3、Recently,_hasbeenbroughttosuchpopularattentionthat_(e.g.Recently,theproblemofglobalwarminghasbeenbroughttosuchpopularattentionthatgovernmentsatalllevelsplaceitonthetopoftheagenda.),大学英语四级考试作文常用句型,4、Oneofourancientphilosopherssaid,_.Chinesepeoplehavealwaysbeenholdingthisideatobeoneoftheirstandardsofmorality.5.Noone，regardlessofrace,religionornationality,woulddenythat.或：Everyonewouldagreethat.,大学英语四级考试作文常用句型,B结尾1.Onlyinthisway/Onlywhen/Onlythrough,will/canwe或：Itisonlyif/whenthatwewillItisonlyifallsidesofsocietytaketheirrolesfullythatwewillachievethesocietywewant.2.Aslongaswewillbeableto/theproblemisboundtoAslongaswepersistinspreadingscientificknowledgeamongthemasses,allthesuperstitionsareboundtogooutofourlife.,大学英语四级考试作文常用句型,3.Withaconstant/steadyimprovementin(或Withthegradualworseningof)sth.willWithasteadyimprovementinourlegalsystem,thisproblemwillsurebesolvedearlierorlater.4.Inaword,thereisevery/littlechance/probability/possibilitythat.intimetocome.Inoneword,thereiseverychancethatthisChineseTraditionwillcontinuetoentertainmillionsofChinesecitizens.,大学英语四级考试作文常用句型,C.中间1）.Agreatnumberofsolutionsarebeingoffered.Somepeoplesuggestthat_.Othersarguethat_.2）.ButIdontthinkitisaverygoodwaytosolve_.Forinstance,_.Worstofall,_.,大学英语四级考试作文常用句型,C.中间1建议和解决方法1）.Agreatnumberofsolutionsarebeingoffered.Somepeoplesuggestthat_.Othersarguethat_.2）.ButIdontthinkitisaverygoodwaytosolve_.Forinstance,_.Worstofall,_.3）.Mysuggestiontodealwith/solve/relievetheproblemareasfollows.Inthefirstplace,.Secondly,.Finally4）.Ifweletthesituationgoasitis,.Bythattime,.如果让这种情况继续发展下去，那么到那个时候，。5）If,willtherebeanythingthatcanmakemeevenhappier?如果（我们怎么怎么做），那将没有比这令我更高兴的了。,大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,2.It结构1）Itisadvisabletoexercise（拥有）patienceindealingwithsuchcomplicatedsituations.2）Itisnecessarythatyoungandoldpeopleshouldcommunicatemorewitheachother.3）Itiscertainthatfreshairandexercisesaremoreenjoyableandbeneficialthanmedicine.4）Itiswellknownthatmanyofourproblemsarecausedatleastinpartbyfailuretocommunicate.5）Itseemedtomethattheonlythingthatmattersistolearnthroughfailure.6）Itpaysinthelongrun（从长远的角度看）tointroducenewtechnique.,大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,3.动名词或分词结构1）Drinking，eating，andsmokingexcessivelycandosevereharmtoevenayoungpersonshealth.2）Theartofcommunicationrequireslearningthelanguageandcultureoftheaudience.,大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,4.递进式结构1）Freshvegetablesarenutritious（有营养的）；furthermore，theyrecheaperthanfrozenones.2）Helpingotherswillnotonlybringjoyintootherpeopleslives，butalsoaddedhappinessintoourown.,大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,5.表示重要性或必要性1）Itsimportanttosetasidetimeforrelaxation，hobbies，andentertainmentaswell.2）Aharmoniousatmosphereisessential（necessary/critical/indispensable）toachievesuccess.3）Globalwarmingcanendangerourlivessomuchthatweareobligedtomakeacarefulstudyoftheproblemandtrytofindoutalastingsolutiontoit.,大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,6.表示目的1）Thepurposeofatestistoshowwhatyouhaveleanedaboutasubject.2）Theintentisnottocatcheveryonebutrathertocatchenoughtospreadtheword.3）Competitivesportsarerecommendedtoyoungadultstopreparethemforthecompetitiveworldofcollegeandbusiness.,大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,7.表示结果1）Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestmayleadtolossofhealth.2）Ifyoutrytolearntoomanythingsatatime，youmaygetconfused.3）Byconsistenthardworkwewillbeabletoachievedourobjectives（目标）.,大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,8.表示对比和比较1）Jobsandworkdomuchmorethanmostofusrealizetoprovidehappinessandcontentment.2）Workismorethananecessityformosthumanbeings；itisthefocusoftheirlives，thesourceoftheiridentityandcreativity.3）Ratherthanapunishmentoraburden，workistheopportunitytorealizeonespotential.4）Themorescientistsfindout，themorequestionstheyareunabletoanswer.,大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,9.表示条件或假设的结构1）WithoutthedistractionofTV，theymightsitaroundtogetherafterdinner.2）Aslongasthebrainisgivenplentyofexerciseitkeepsitspower.3）Wereitlefttometodecidewhetherweshould_,Ishouldnothesitateamomenttopreferthelatter.4）Withoutadegreeandwithnovocationalexperiencetheirchancesofgettinggoodjobsareslim.,大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,10.表示举例1）Take_forexample，2）Anillustration（例证）maymakethepointclear.,大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,11.表示采取措施1）Thegovernmentshouldbetakingeffective（有效的）measurestoovercomecurrentdifficulties.2）Ascollegestudents,weareobligedtomakeeveryefforttohelpsupporttheOlympicGames.3）Theschoolauthoritiesshouldinvestmoreenergyandmoneyinimprovingworkingandlivingconditionsfortheteachers.,大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,12.表示让步关系1）Whileitmaybemoreconvenienttopossessacar，itisalsoexpensiveandtroublesomeattimes.2）AlthoughIdonotearnagreatdealofmoneyforthisjob，thepleasureIreceivefromtheworkmakesitworthwhile.,大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,13.表示因果或前提关系1）Becauseof(owningto)thepressure（压力）ofexaminations，manystudentsareleftwithlittleornofreetime.2）Perhapsitsbecausefewofusknowhowtoacceptcompliments（赞扬）gracefully.3）Thatiswhyhouseworkisconsideredassuchadrearygrind（乏味的苦差事）。4）Thereasonforthisisthat,大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,14.表示存在的问题1）Oneofthegreatestproblemsfacingthe21stcenturywillbewhattodowithalltherubbishproducedintheworld.2）Totravelabroadisadesiresharedbymanypeople，butfewcanaffordtodoit.3）Cheatingisnowconsideredtobeamajorproblemincollegesanduniversities.4）Manypeoplefinditharderandhardertokeepupwiththeradicalchangesthatcharacterizeourtime.5）Atfirstthought，theproblemseemsfartooinvolved（复杂），butitcancertainlybesolvedwhenseriouslydealtwith.,大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,15Therebe结构1）Thereareothertechniquesthatmighthelpyouwithyoustudying.2）ThereismuchthatwecanlearnfromtheChineseclassicworks.3）Thereisnosense（道理）inleavingimportantdecisionstoinexperiencedpeople.,经典开头,Amobilephoneisgettingincreasinglypopular.(主题句)Statisticsshowthateightoutoftencollegestudentshavegottenone.(数据支撑)However,asisthecasewithmanyissues,amobilephonehasbothpositiveandnegativeaspects.(承上启下),经典结尾,Thereisnodenyingthatamobilephonehasbothbenefitsanddrawbacksbutonbalanceperhapstheadvantagesofamobilephoneoutweighitsdisadvantagessinceamobilehasbecomeanintegralpartofmodernlife.,四级高分的词汇搭配,经济的快速发展therapiddevelopmentofeconomy人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长theremarkableimprovement/steadygrowthofpeopleslivingstandard先进的科学技术advancedscienceandtechnology面临新的机遇和挑战befacedwithnewopportunitiesandchallenges,四级高分的词汇搭配,人们普遍认为Itiscommonlybelieved/recognizedthat社会发展的必然结果theinevitableresultofsocialdevelopment引起了广泛的公众关注arousewidepublicconcern/drawpublicattention不可否认Itisundeniablethat/Thereisnodenyingthat,四级高分的词汇搭配,热烈的讨论/争论aheateddiscussion/debate有争议性的问题acontroversialissue完全不同的观点atotallydifferentargument有充分的理由支持besupportedbysoundreasons发挥着日益重要的作用playanincreasinglyimportantrolein,四级高分的词汇搭配,正如谚语所说Astheproverbgoes对产生有利/不利的影响exertpositive/negativeeffectson利远远大于弊theadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages导致，引起leadto/giveriseto/contributeto/resultin,四级高分的词汇搭配,复杂的社会现象acomplicatedsocialphenomenon责任感/成就感senseofresponsibility/senseofachievement竞争与合作精神senseofcompetitionandcooperation开阔眼界widenoneshorizon/broadenonesvision,四级高分的词汇搭配,学习知识和技能acquireknowledgeandskills经济/心理负担financialburden/psychologicalburden考虑到诸多因素takemanyfactorsintoaccount/consideration从另一个角度fromanotherperspective,四级高分的词汇搭配,做出共同努力makejointefforts为社会做贡献makecontributionstothesociety打下坚实的基础layasolidfoundationfor综合素质comprehensivequality致力于/投身于becommitted/devotedto,四级高分的词汇搭配,不可推卸的义务unshakableduty满足需求satisfy/meettheneedsof.可靠的信息源areliablesourceofinformation宝贵的自然资源valuablenaturalresources方便快捷convenientandefficient,四级高分的词汇搭配,在人类生活的方方面面inallaspectsofhumanlife社会进步的体现asymbolofsocietyprogress对这一问题持有不同态度holddifferentattitudestowardsthisissue支持前/后种观点的人people/thoseinfavoroftheformer/latteropinion,四级高分的词汇搭配,在一定程度上tosomeextent/degree/insomeway理论和实践相结合integratetheorywithpractice日益激烈的社会竞争theincreasinglyfiercesocialcompetition眼前利益immediateinterest/short-terminterest长远利益interestinthelongrun,四级高分的词汇搭配,有其自身的优缺点hasitsmeritsanddemerits/advantagesanddisadvantages对有害doharmto/beharmfulto交流思想/情感/信息exchangeideas/emotions/information跟上的最新发展keeppacewith/catchupwith/keepabreastwiththelatestdevelopmentof,四级高分的词汇搭配,采取有效措施来takeeffectivemeasurestodosth.的健康发展thehealthydevelopmentof对观点因人而异Viewsonvaryfrompersontoperson.重视attachgreatimportanceto社会地位socialstatus,四级高分的词汇搭配,把时间和精力放在上focustimeandenergyon扩大知识面expandonesscopeofknowledge身心两方面bothphysicallyandmentally有直接/间接关系bedirectly/indirectlyrelatedto提出折中提议setforthacompromiseproposal,四级高分的词汇搭配,保障社会的稳定和繁荣guaranteethestabilityandprosperityofoursociety更多地强调putmoreemphasison适应社会发展adaptoneselftothedevelopmentofsociety实现梦想makeonesdreamcometrue,四级高分的词汇搭配,主要理由列举如下Themainreasonsarelistedasfollows我们还有很长的路要走Westillhavealongwaytogo,四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,1表示原因1）Therearethreereasonsforthis2）Thereasonsforthisareasfollows3）Thereasonforthisisobvious4）Thereasonforthisisnotfartoseek5）Thereasonforthisisthat6）Wehavegoodreasontobelievethat例如：TherearethreereasonsforthechangesthathavetakenplaceinourlifeFirstly，peopleslivingstandardhasbeengreatlyimprovedSecondly，mostpeoplearewellpaid，andtheycanaffordwhattheyneedorlikeLastbutnotleast，moreandmorepeopleprefertoenjoymodernlife,四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,2表示好处1）Ithasthefollowingadvantages2）Itdoesusalotofgood3）Itbenefitsusquitealot4）Itisbeneficialtous5）Itisofgreatbenefittous例如：BooksarelikefriendsTheycanhelpusknowtheworldbetter，andtheycanopenourmindsandwidenourhorizonsTherefore，readingextensivelyisofgreatbenefittous,四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,3表示坏处1）Ithasmoredisadvantagesthanadvantages2）Itdoesusmuchharm3）Itisharmfultous例如：However，everythingdividesintotwo.TelevisioncanalsobeharmfultousItcandoharmtoourhealthandmakeuslazyifwespendtoomuchtimewatchingtelevision.,四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,4表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1）Itisimportant（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）forsbtodosth2）Wethinkitnecessarytodosth3）Itplaysanimportantroleinourlife例如：Computersarenowbeingusedeverywhere，whetherinthegovernment，inschoolsorinbusinessSoon，computerswillbefoundineveryhome，tooWehavegoodreasontosaythatcomputersareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourlifeandwehavesteppedintotheComputerAge,四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,5表示措施1）Weshouldtakesomeeffectivemeasures2）Weshouldtryourbesttoovercome（conquer）thedifficulties3）Weshoulddoourutmostindoingsth4）Weshouldsolvetheproblemsthatweareconfronted（faced）with例如：ThehousingproblemthatweareconfrontedwithisbecomingmoreandmoreseriousTherefore，wemusttakesomeeffectivemeasurestosolveit,四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,6表示变化1）Somechangeshavetakenplaceinthepastfiveyears2）Agreatchangewillcertainlybeproducedintheworldscommunications3）Thecomputerhasbroughtaboutmanychangesineducation例如：SomechangeshavetakenplaceinpeoplesdietinthepastfiveyearsThemajorreasonsforthesechangesarenotfartoseekNowadays，moreandmorepeopleareswitchingfromgraintomeatforprotein，andfromfruitandvegetabletomilkforvitamins,四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,7表示事实、现状1）Wecannotignorethefactthat2）Noonecandenythefactthat3）Thereisnodenyingthefactthat4）Thisisaphenomenonthatmanypeopleareinterestedin5）However，thatsnotthecase例如：WecannotignorethefactthatindustrializationbringswithittheproblemsofpollutionTosolvetheseproblems，wecanstartbyeducatingthepublicaboutthehazardsofpollutionThegovernmentonitspartshouldalsodesignstricterlawstopromoteacleanerenvironment,四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,8表示比较1）ComparedwithA，B2）IprefertoreadratherthanwatchTV3）Thereisastrikingcontrastbetweenthem例如：Comparedwithcars，bicycleshaveseveraladvantagesbesidesbeingaffordableFirstly，theydonotconsumenaturalresourcesofpetroleumSecondly，theydonotcausethepollutionproblemLastbutnotleast，theycontributetopeopleshealthbygivingthemduephysicalexercise,四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,9表示数量1）Ithasincreased（decreased）fromto2）Thepopulationinthiscityhasnowincreased（decreased）to800，0003）TheoutputofJulyinthisfactoryincreasedby15comparedwiththatofJanuary例如：Withtheimprovementofthelivingstandard，theproportionofpeoplesincomespentonfoodhasdecreasedwhilethatspentoneducationhasincreasedFromthegraphlistedabove，itcanbeseenthatstudentuseofcomputershasincreasedfromanaverageoflessthantwohoursperweekin1990to20hoursin2000,四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,10.表示看法1）Peoplehave（take，adopt，assume）differentattitudestowardssth2）Peoplehavedifferentopinionsonthisproblem3）Peopletakedifferentviewsof（on）thequestion4）SomepeoplebelievethatOthersarguethat例如：Peoplehavedifferentattitudestowardsfailure.Somebelievethatfailureleadstosuccess.Everyfailuretheyexperiencetranslatesintoagreaterchanceofsuccessattheirrenewedendeavor.However,othersareeasilydiscouragedbyfailuresandputthemselvesintothecategoryoflosers.,四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,11表示结论1）Inshort，itcanbesaidthat2）Itmaybebrieflysummedupasfollows3）Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove，wecancometotheconclusionthat例如：Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove，wecancometotheconclusionthatexaminationisnecessary,however,itsmethodshouldbeimproved.注：例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句；例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。,
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