牛津高中英语1-8模块重点词汇讲解[三].ppt

牛津高中英语18模块重点词汇讲解（三）,21.approach(P18,M4):Youmustdecidewhatapproachyouwanttouse.,approach,Usage1:【C】,amethodofdoingsth.ordealingwithaprobleme.g.:anewapproachtocancertreatment治疗癌症的新方法,Usage2:【U】,靠近，接近，临近,e.g.:(1)Ourapproachdroveawaythewildanimals.我们的靠近驱走了野生动物。(2)Theapproachofwinterbringscoldweather.冬天来了，天气冷了。,Usage3:【C】,awayofgettingin,e.g.:Allapproachestothetownwereblocked.所有通往城里的路都被堵上了。,Usage4:【C】,anactofspeakingtosb.(aboutsth.)forthefirsttime初次跟人打交道，接触,e.g.:Wehavemadeapproachestothemwithaviewtoformingabusinesspartnership.为了和他们建立商业伙伴关系，我们进行了接洽。,Usage5:vi.orvt.,走进，靠近，接近,e.g.:(1)Silentlyweapproachedtheenemyscamp.我们悄悄地靠近了敌人的营地。(2)Thetimeisapproachingwhenwewillhavetoleave.我们离开的时间到了。,(3)Wehadtoworkintemperaturesapproaching35.我们不得不在接近35的高温下工作。(4)Hesagoodplayer,butdoesntapproachinternationalstandard.他是个不错的选手，但还没达到国际标准。(5)Hesapproaching80.他快80了。.,Usage6:tospeaktosb.,esp.inordertomakearequestorsuggestionforthefirsttime（初次）接洽；交涉；打交道,e.g.:Didheapproachyouaboutlendinghimsomemoney?他有没有找你借钱？,扩展:approachable,adj.,easytospeaktoordealwith;friendly易亲近的，易交谈的，易与之打交道的；友善的；abletoapproach可接近的；能够达到的,e.g.:Youllfindthedirectoraveryapproachableperson.你会发现董事长是非常可亲的人。,Usage7:vt.,tobegintoconsiderordealwith开始考虑，对付，处理,e.g.:Thereareseveralwaysofapproachingthisproblem.处理这个问题有好几种方法。,21.concern(P38,M5):Asthethirdlongestriverintheworld,itiscleartoseewhytheenvironmentalproblemsoftheYangtzeRiverhaveraisedconcernbothnationallyandinternationally.,concern,Usage1:uncountablenoun,worry;anxiety担心；忧虑,e.g.:(1)amatterofconsiderablepublicconcern公众非常担心的问题(2)ateachersconcernforhisstudents教师对学生的关心之情,e.g.:(3)Thereisnoreasonforconcern;yoursonaccidentwasnottooserious.没必要担心，你儿子的事故不太严重。(4)Thereportexpressedseriousconcernaboutthedoctorscompetence.报告表达了对该名医生能力的极大担忧。,Usage2:【C】所关切的事；有利害关系的事,e.g.:(1)HowmuchmoneyIearnisnoneofyourconcern.我赚多少钱与你无关。,(2)apolicythatfailstodealwiththeconcernsofethnicminorities一项未能针对少数民族人民所关切之事的政策,Usage3:vt.,tobeabout与有关系，涉及,e.g.:Thearticleconcernsamanwhoiswronglyimprisoned.这篇文章写的是一个被冤屈而坐牢的人。,Usage4:vt.,tobeofimportanceorinterestto;haveaneffecton与有关；对有影响,e.g.:(1)Theseproblemsconcernallofus.这些问题关系到我们所有的人。(2)Thisregulationdoesnotconcernyou,sodontworry.这项规定与你无关，别担心。(3)Towhomitmayconcern敬启者,扩展1：concernedadj.Usage1:anxious,worried;havinganactivepersonalinterest.,e.g.:(1)Hehasneverbeenveryconcernedaboutwhatotherpeoplemaythinkofhim.他从不在乎别人对他的想法。(2)Iamconcernedfortheirhappiness.我关心他们的幸福。,(3)Thechildrensmotherwasveryconcernedfortheirsafetywhentheydidntcomebackfromschoolattheusualtime.当孩子们放学后不能按时回家时，母亲非常担心他们的安全。,Usage2:有关的，有牵连的；参与的,e.g.:(1)Everyonewhowasconcernedintheaffairregretsitverymuch.所有参与此事的人都非常后悔。,(2)Ihaveenjoyedmyvisitverymuch,andwouldliketothankallthepeopleconcerned.我对访问非常满意，感谢所有有关人员。(3)Illpassonyourcommentstothepeopleconcerned.我会把你的评论转达给相关人士。,扩展3：固定词组：beconcernedwith:tobeaboute.g.:ThisstoryisconcernedwithaRussianfamilyinthe19thcentury.故事讲述的是十九世纪时的一个俄国家庭。,扩展4:固定词组：asfarasIm/youre,etc.，concernede.g.:AsfarasImconcernedthewholeideaiscrazy.就我而言，整个想法是疯狂的。,扩展5：wheresomethingisconcerned就某事而言，在某种事情上e.g.:Wheremoneyisconcerned,Ialwaystrytobeverycareful.在钱这种事上，我总是力图谨慎。,扩展6：concerningprep.较正式,关于e.g.:(1)Concerningyourrequest,Iampleasedtoinformyouthat,(2)Policeareanxioustohearanyinformationconcerninghiswhereabouts.警察非常想得到有关他的下落的信息。,22.takeon(P11,M6):Inaninterview,hetoldusthatheisalwayshappytotakeonnewforeignstudents.,takeon,Usage1：接受（工作等；承担（责任等）e.g.:MydoctorsaysImtootiredandhasadvisedmenottotakeanymoreworkon.医生说我太累了，建议我不要再接受工作。,Usage2:tostarttoemploye.g.:Wevedecidedtotakeonanewclerkintheaccountsdepartment.我们决定在会计部雇用一名新职员。,Usage3:开始具有（呈现）（某种品质、面貌等）；露出e.g.:(1)Theseinsectscantakeonthecoloroftheirsurroundings.(2)Hisfacetookonaworriedexpression.,扩展1：takeoff,Usage1:脱下，脱去（衣服）e.g.：Takeyourcoatoff.相反词：puton,Usage2:（飞机、航天器等）升空，起飞,Usage3：vi.,tobegintobecomesuccessful,popular,orwell-known开始有成就；开始受欢迎；开始成名e.g.:Itwasatthispointthatheractingcareerreallytookoff.她的演艺事业是在此时开始成功的。,Usage4:tohaveaholidayfromworkonthestateddayorforthestatedperiod请假.,e.g.:(1)ImtakingThursdayoffbecauseImmovinghouse.我星期四要请假，因为我要搬家。(2)Takeafewdaysoff,Michael.歇几天吧，Michael。,扩展2：takeovervt./vi.接手，接管,e.g.:(1)Whodoyouthinkwilltakeovernowthatthegovernorhasbeendismissed?州长已被免职，你认为谁会接替他？(2)Imfeelingtootiredtodriveanymore;willyoutakeover?我累得开不动了，你来开，好吗？,扩展3：taketo,Usage1:tofeelalikingfor,esp.atonce(尤指立刻)对产生好感，喜欢上e.g.:ItooktoPaulassoonaswemet.我们一见面，我就喜欢上Paul了。,Usage2:染上习惯,嗜好e.g.:(1)Allthisgloomynewsisenoughtomakeyoutaketodrink.这些令人沮丧的消息足以让人去酗酒了。(2)Justlatelyhestakentohidinghissocksunderthecarpet.近来，他染上了把袜子藏在地毯底下的习惯。,Usage3:到（某处）休息；到躲藏；逃往e.g.:(1)Fathersill,sohestakentohisbed.父亲生病了，所以上床休息去了。(2)Thecriminalstooktothehillstoescapefromthepolice.罪犯们逃到山间以躲避警察。,扩展4:takeup,Usage1:tobegintospendtimedoing;interestoneselfine.g.:Johntookupactingwhenhewasatcollege.约翰在上大学的时候开始从事表演。,Usage2:（事物或事件）占用了（空间和时间）e.g.:(1)ThejobtookupmostofSunday.这件工作占用了星期天的绝大多数时间。(2)Theseboxesofyoursaretakinguptoomuchspace.你的这些盒子占去了太多的空间。,23.holdup(P42,M6):TherewasaboatwecouldgoonbutwegotheldupasMr.Hudsonremarkedthattheboatwastoocrowded.,holdup,Usage1:todelay推迟，（使）耽搁e.g.:(1)Thebuildingofthenewroadhasbeenheldupbybadweather.糟糕的天气耽搁了新路的修建。(2)Astrikehasheldupproduction.罢工延误了生产。,Usage2:to(tryto)robbyusingthethreatofviolencee.g.:Thecriminalsheldupthebankandtookallthemoney.犯罪分子劫持了银行，拿走了所有的钱。,Usage3：toshowasanexamplee.g.:Theoldmanalwayshelduphisyoungestsonasamodelofhardwork.老人总是把自己最小的儿子当作勤劳工作的典范。,扩展1:holdout,Usage1:tooffer提供；提出e.g.:Idontholdoutmuchhopethattheweatherwillimprove.我对天气好转不爆多大希望。,Usage2:tocontinuetoexist;last继续存在，持续，维持e.g.:Howmuchlongercanoursuppliesholdout?我们的供给还能维持多久？,Usage3:tocontinueinspiteofdifficulties;坚持，忍住e.g.:Thetownwassurrounded,butthepeopleheldoutuntilhelpcame.城被困了，但人们一直坚持到救援来。,24.referto(P50,M6):IampleasedtohavethechancetodaytotalktoyouabouttheUnitedNationsortheUN,asitisoftenreferredto.,referto,Usage1:tomentionorspeakaboute.g.:(1)Thescientistreferredtothediscoveryasthemostexcitingnewdevelopmentinthisfield.这位科学家把该发现称作是此领域内最令人激动的新进展。,(2)Whichcompanieswasshereferringtowhenshespokeofcompetingfirms?当她说起竞争商家时，她指的是哪些公司？(3)Thefiguresintheleft-handcolumnrefertoouroverseassales.左栏的数据指的是海外的销售额。,Usage2:tolookatforinformation参考，查阅，查看e.g.:(1)torefertoadictionary查阅字典(2)Letmejustrefertomynotestofindtheexactfigures.让我查查笔记，找找确切的数字。,Usage3:toconcern;bedirectedtowardsorberelevantto有关；针对e.g.:Thenewlawdoesnotrefertolandusedforfarming.新的法规与耕地无关。,Usage4:refersb./sth.tosb.提交给做决定（处理）e.g.:(1)Theshopreferredthecomplaintstothemakersofthearticles.商家把投诉转交给了生产厂家。,(2)Theprofessorreferredmetoanarticleshehadwrittenonthissubject.教授让我查阅她就这个主题曾经写过的一篇文章。(3)TheproposalwillhavetobereferredtotheFinanceCommittee.这项提议将会转交给财经委员会。,扩展1：reference,Usage1:【c;u】，谈到，提及e.g.:(1)KingWilliamwasknownas“Rufus”,areferencetohisredhair.国王威廉二世因一头红发被称为鲁弗斯。注：Rufus系拉丁语，意为“红发”。,(2)WhenIspoketohimabouttheexpedition,hedidntmakeanyreferencetoyourcomingwithus.当我向他说起这次远征时，他并未提到你会和我们一起来。,(3)Herspeechcontainedonlyapassingreferencetotheproblemofunemployment.她的演讲只对失业问题一带而过。,Usage2:【C;U】，参考，查阅e.g.:Usethisdictionaryforeasyreference.这部字典查起来很方便。,扩展2：referencebook参考书，工具书referencelibrary（图书不外借的）参考书阅览室；参考图书馆,25.lack(P51,M6):Apartfromtheurgentproblemscausedbywarsandconflicts,theUNhelpscountrieswithotherproblemssuchaslackeducation,lackoffood,poverty,disastersanddisease.,lack,Usage1:【U;C】，缺乏，不足，没有e.g.:(1)Theplantsdiedthroughforlackofwater.这些植物因缺水而死。(2)Theresacertainlackofenthusiasmforthesechangesamongthemembership.会员们对这些变化不太热心。,Usage2:vt.,，缺乏，不足，没有e.g.:(1)Thefemalebirdlacksthemalescoloration.雌鸟没有雄鸟缤纷的羽毛。(2)Hesgoodathisjobheseemstolackconfidence.他工作干得不错，但好像信心不足。,(3)Whatthecompanylacksissufficientmoneytoinvestinnewproducts.公司缺少足够的资金来投资新的产品。,扩展:lacking,adj.,缺少的,不足的,没有的；缺少的e.g.:(1)Wecantconfirmtheserumoursbecauseaccurateinformationislacking.我们不能证实这些谣言，因为缺少确切的信息。,(2)Iwashappyasachild,buttherewassomethinglacking.我小的时候很开心，但总觉的缺点什么。(3)Imafraidhessomewhatlackinginintelligence/tact/initiative.我恐怕他不太聪明/不够圆滑/缺少主动性。,26.address(P35,M7):ThemaindrawbacksoftheInternetIwilladdresstodayareuncontrolledinformationandthechangeinthewaypeoplespendtheirtime.,address,Usage1:vt.,fml.,探讨（如何处理问题）,e.g.:Thearticleaddressestheproblemsofdiseasesconnectedwithmalnutrition.这篇文章探讨了与营养不良有关的疾病问题。,Usage2:addressoneselfto:todirectonesattentionoreffortto致力于，着手,e.g.:(1)Heignoredsideissuesandaddressedhimselftothemainproblem.他抛开枝节，着力处理主要问题。(2)Marlowenowaddressedhimselftothetaskofsearchingtheroom.Marlowe现在开始着手搜查房间。,Usage3:addressameeting/crowd/conferenceetc.:tomakeaspeechtoalargegroupofpeoplee.g.:ThemeetingwasaddressedbySenatorHoward.Howard议员在会议上发言。,Usage4:在(信封/包裹上等)写上姓名和地址e.g.:(1)Ifyouaddresstheletter,Illmailitforyou.如果你把姓名地址写好，我会帮你寄。(2)Theresaletteraddressedtoyou.有一封你的信。,addressee:收信人，收件人,Usage5:名词，地址e.g.:Icantreadtheaddressontheenvelope.我看不清信封上的地址。,Usage6:fml.,aformalspeechmadetoagroupofpeople(audience)whoaregatheredespeciallytolistene.g.:acommencementaddress在毕业典礼上的发言,27.attach(P47,M7):Whenyouarefinished,youshouldalwaysattachalistofthesitesyougotyourinformationfrom.,attach,Usage1:toconnectonethingtoanother系，绑，贴，固定，连接，附上attachsth.to,e.g.:(1)Attacharecentphotograghtoyourapplicationform.在你的申请表上贴上你的一张近照。(2)Thewebwasonlyattachedtotheleafbyonethread.仅仅一根丝就把蜘蛛网固定在了树叶上。(3)asmallbatteryattachedtoalittleloudspeaker装在小喇叭上的一小节电池,Usage2:beattachedto:tolikesb.orsth.verymuch,becauseyouhaveknownthemandhadthemforalongtime喜欢，依恋,e.g.:(1)Itseasytobeattachedtothechildrenyouworkwith.Tooattached,sometimes.对与你相处的孩子们产生依恋感是很容易的。有时，太依恋了。(2)Iamdeeply/veryattachedtothisoldcar.我很舍不得这辆老车。,扩展：attachment:noun,喜爱，爱慕，依恋；信仰，忠诚e.g.:(1)Ididfeelacertainsenseofattachmentforthestrangeoldguy.我确实对这个古怪的老家伙有一脸的感觉。,(2)Shehasalreadyhadastrongattachmenttoherbabybrother.她已深深的爱上了襁褓中的小弟弟。(3)oldpeoplesattachmenttotraditionalcustomsandways老人们对传统风俗和生活方式的眷恋,Usage3:认为有重要性，重视e.g.:(1)Sheattachesgreatimportancetoregularexercise.她认为正规训练很重要。(2)Itwouldbeunwisetoattachtoomuchsignificancetotheseopinionpolls.赋予这些民意调查太多意义是不明智的。,28.decline(P30,M8):Fromearly1930stotheearly1950s,traditionaljazzwentintoabitofdecline,andwasreplacedinpopularitybyanewkindofmusicknownasswing.,decline,Usage1:n.,usu.sing.:衰微，衰退，下降e.g.:(1)Therehasbeenasharpdeclineinprofitsthisyear.今年的利润有大幅下跌。(2)Thebirthrateisondecline.出生率在下降。,Usage2:vi.,衰落，衰退，下降e.g.:(1)Hisinfluencedeclinedashegrewolder.随着他逐渐老去，他的影响力越来越小。(2)Doyouthinkstandardsofmoralityhavedeclinedinrecentyears?你是否认为道德标准近年来已有所下降？,(3)Theoldladywantstospendherdecliningyearsbythesea.老太太希望在海边度过暮年。(4)thegovernmentsdecliningpopularity政府不断下跌的人气,Usage3:vi.,orvt.,婉拒，婉言谢绝e.g.:(1)Weaskedhimtocometoourparty,buthedeclined.我们邀请他参加聚会，但他婉拒了。(2)Theofficialatfirstdeclinedtomakeastatement,butlaterheagreed.该官员起初不肯发表声明，但后来又同意了。,29.draft(P31,M8):Elvismusiclifewascurshortwhenhewasdraftedintothearmyin1958.d,draft,Usage1:bedraftedintothearmy（战时)被征召入伍(AmE.)e.g.:Joesbeendraftedintothearmy.乔应召入伍。,Usage2:起草,草拟（计划、信件、报告等）e.g.:Evasbusydraftingherspeechfortheconference.依娃正忙于起草会议发言稿。,Usage3:noun,草稿；草图；草案e.g.:(1)Letsmakearoughdraftoftheletter.让我们先写个信的草稿吧。(2)thefirst/finaldraftofapoem诗的第一稿/最终稿,4.leave(P22,M2):Listentomeyoungmanrememberthedaywhenweleftyouincharge?,使役动词,Usage:leave+obj.+o.c.e.g.:(1)Payingforthecarrepairshasleftuswithoutapenny.付完汽车修理费我们已身无分文。.,(2)IusedtoleavemybedroomlampontomakethemthinkthatIwasstudying.我常让卧室的灯亮着，让他们误以为我在学习。,(3)Thepresidentssuddendeathhasleftthecountryleaderless.总统突然去世使这个国家处于无领袖状态。(4)Hernarrowescapeleftherfeelingshaken.九死一生的经历让她心有余悸。,(5)Leavethericetocookfor20minutes.让米在锅里煮上个20分钟。(6)Hediedverysuddenly,leavingmuchofhisresearchworkunfinished.他突然去世，留下大量研究工作为完成。,扩展：英语中的使役动词：使役动词是表示使、令、让、叫等意义的动词，主要有make，let，keep，leave等。,（一）have使，让，不用于被动语态1.have+宾语+done(1)叫、让、请别人做某事e.g.:Illhavemybikerepairedsoon.(2)遭遇不幸事件e.g.:Hehadhiswalletstolenonthebus.,2.have+宾语+do让做某事，动作执行者为宾语e.g.:(1)Hehadhergothere.(2)TheteacherhasusspeakEnglishinclass.,3.have+宾语+doing让做某事e.g.:(1)Hehadherstandingintherainfortwohours.(2)Hehaduslaughingallthroughthemeal.,(3)Iwonthaveyouspeakingtoyourmotherthatway.=Iwontallowyoutospeaktoyourmotherthatway.,4.have+宾语+adj./adv./prep.促使某一动作发生e.g.:Pleasehaveyourmoneyready.,(二)make使，有轻微强迫之意1.make+宾语+do，迫使某人做某事，被动语态为bemadetodoe.g.:Theboymadethegirlcry.2.make+宾语+adj./adv./prep./n.使处于某种状态e.g.:Hisillnessmadehimveryweak.,3.make+宾语+done使处于某种状态，并强调动作的被动性e.g.:Pleasespeakloudertomakeyourselfheard.,(三)get使，让1.get+宾语+todo让做某事，强调未来性动作e.g.:Hegothisbrothertohelphim.2.get+宾语+done让被做，强调被动性动作e.g.:Hegotthecarstarted.,3.get+宾语+doing让做某事，强调正在进行的动作e.g.:Shegotherbikerunningveryfast.4.get+宾语+adj./adv./prep.使发生e.g.:Pleasegetyourticketsready.,(四)let使，让1.let+宾语+do，让做，被动语态为belet(to)doe.g.:Letsgothere,shallwe?2.let+宾语+adv./prep.让,多表示方向e.g.:Heletthedogoutoftheroom.,(五)set使得，引起1.set+宾语+todo使做，强调未来动作e.g.:Hehassethimselftostudyhard.2.set+宾语+doing使做，强调正在进行的动作e.g.:Thesewordssetmethinking.,3.set+宾语+adj./prep./n.使处于某种状态e.g.:Thismedicinewillsetyouright.,(六)send使得，迫使1.send+宾语+doing使处于迅速运转的状态e.g.:Apieceoficesenthimfallingdown.,2.send+宾语+adj./prep.使处于特定状态e.g.:Hiscomplaintsalmostsenthermad.,(七)force强迫，迫使force+宾语+todo，迫使某人做某事，被动语态为beforcedtodoe.g.:Heforcedhertogohome.2.force+宾语+prep./adv.迫使朝向某一方向e.g.:Theyforcedtheenemysplanedown.,(八)keep使，让，保持1.keep+宾语+doing使某人处于做某事的状态中，强调动作延续一段时间e.g.:Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.,2.keep+宾语+adj./adv./prep.使处于特定状态e.g.:Pleasekeeptheclassroomclean.3.keep+宾语+done使处于被动状态e.g.:Icantkeepmyeyesshuttoallthis.,(九)drive驱动，逼迫，迫使drive+宾语+todo驱动做，被动语态为bedriventodoe.g.:Hishungerdrovehimtolookforfood.,2.drive+adj./prep.迫使处于某种特定状态e.g.:Thenoisealmostdrovehercrazy.,