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RevisetheInfinitive,DoyoubelieveIcanflylikeabird?,HowcanyoubelieveIcanflylikeabird?,_istobelieve.Itsimpossibleforhumans_now.,Tosee,toflylikeabird,结构:todo;(否定)nottodo,二.时态与语态,不定式,todo,tobedone,tobedoing,tohavedone,tohavebeendone,tohavebeendoing,-,-,(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.,(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.,(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎同时/发生在它之后.),(进行式表示在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行),(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.,(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前),(4).Werehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.,(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续),1.作主语,2.作宾语,3.作宾语补足语,4.作定语,5.作状语,6.作表语,7.作独立成分,8.与疑问词等连用,不定式的作用,(1).不定式作主语.不定式太长时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.,Toseeistobelieve.,Itsimpossibleforhumanstoflylikeabirdnow.,(2).不定式作表语,Myjob_Yourtask_,is,toprotecttheworld.,is,tostudyhard.,Helikesto_.Ifinditnecessary(forhim)to_ifhewantstowin.,(3)不定式作宾语,playbasketball,workhard.,常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,afford,dare,decide,demand,determine；expect,fail,get,guarantee；hate,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise；refuse,等+todo。,It作形式主语句型：sb.think/consider/find+it+adj.+todo/that,Theteachertoldmeto_.,(4).不定式作宾补,handinmypapers,引导不定式作宾补的动词：,Warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等+sb.todosth,Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.,五看,watch,see,lookat,observe,notice,三让：,let,make,have,二听,hear,listento,一感:,feel,+sbdosth（省略to）,Imadehimdohiswork.,Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).变成被动，被省略的to要还原。,不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.,(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.,Note1,Note2,Ihavesomethingtosay,butmybrotherhasalotofhomework_.,(5).不定式作定语,不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。,todo,1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。Heislookingforaroomtolivein.,2.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolivein.,3.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。,注意比较：,1)Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗？,(不定式tosend的动作执行者是you）,(不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse）,2)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要（我或别人寄的东西吗？,Igotupearlyto_.Icamehereto_.,(6)不定式作状语,inorderto,soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too.to.,catchthetrain,studyEnglish,Totellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.,(7).独立结构,tobefrank,tobehonest,totellthetruth,Hedidntknow_.,(8).与疑问词等连用,whattosay,不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,Hedidntknowwhattosay.(宾语)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主语)Myquestioniswhentostart.(表语),在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Whynothavearest?,(9)不定式的省略,(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.,e.g.:Wouldyouliketogowithme?Idliketo.,(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.,e.g:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?Idliketobe.,Exercise,Myteacherwasmade_histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants_oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.tobeexplained,B,D,3.TheArcticisconsidered_thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.A.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.being,C,4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_forhimwithoutdelay.A.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave,B,5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard_.A.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn6.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing,D,B,7.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh,Iforgot_.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff8.Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.playingB.tobeplayingC.playedD.toplay,C,A,10.-Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?-Itisaverygood_.A.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudy,A,9._inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose,C,11.-Didyougetajob?-No,I_,butitsnouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned,B,12.-IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.-Whynot_therebyboatforachange?A.totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogo,B,13._aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.A.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade,A,14.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan_forfood.A.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg15.Theboypretended_whenhismotherentered.A.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingread,A,C,
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