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CANADA,CanadaisacountryinNorthAmerica,extendingfromtheAtlanticOceanintheeasttothePacificOceaninthewestandnorthwardintotheArcticOcean.Itistheworldssecondlargestcountrybytotalarea.CanadascommonborderwiththeUnitedStatestothesouthandnorthwestisthelongestintheworld.,In1867,withtheunionofthreeBritishNorthAmericancoloniesthroughConfederation,Canadawasformedasafederaldominionoffourprovinces.ThisbegananaccretionofprovincesandterritoriesandaprocessofincreasingautonomyfromtheUnitedKingdom.ThiswideningautonomywashighlightedbytheStatuteofWestminsterof1931andculminatedintheCanadaActof1982,whichseveredthevestigesoflegaldependenceontheBritishparliament.,Provincesandterritories,Canadaisafederationcomposedoftenprovincesandthreeterritories.Inturn,thesemaybegroupedintoregions:WesternCanada,CentralCanada,AtlanticCanada,andNorthernCanada(thelattermadeupofthethreeterritories:Yukon,NorthwestTerritories,andNunavut).,加拿大十省三地区分别为：阿尔伯塔省（英语、法语：Alberta，成立年份：1905年）不列颠哥伦比亚省（英语：BritishColumbia，法语：Colombie-Britannique，加入年份：1858年）马尼托巴省（英语、法语：Manitoba，加入年份为1870年）纽芬兰与拉布拉多省（英语：NewfoundlandandLabrador，法语：Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador，加入年份：1949年）新不伦瑞克省（英语：NewBrunswick，法语：Nouveau-Brunswick，加入年份：1867年）西北领地（英语：NorthwestTerritories，法语：TerritoiresduNord-Ouest，加入年份：1870年）新斯科舍省（英语：NovaScotia，法语：Nouvelle-cosse，加入年份：1867年）努纳武特地区（英语、法语：Nunavut，于1999年从西北地区分割出来）安大略省（英语、法语：Ontario，加入年份：1867年）爱德华王子省（英语：PrinceEdwardIsland，法语：le-du-Prince-douard，加入年份：1873年）魁北克省（法语：Qubec，英语：Quebec，加入年份为1867年）萨斯喀彻温省（英语、法语：Saskatchewan，成立年份：1905年）育空地区（英语、法语：Yukon，加入年份：1898年）,Provinceshavemoreautonomythanterritories.(suchashealthcare,education,andwelfare)andtogethercollectmorerevenuethanthefederalgovernment,analmostuniquestructureamongfederationsintheworld.,TemperaturesacrossCanadavaryaccordingtothelocation.Winterscanbeharshinmanyregionsofthecountry,particularlyintheinteriorandPrairieprovinces,whichexperienceacontinentalclimate.,Innoncoastalregions,snowcancoverthegroundalmostsixmonthsoftheyear(moreinthenorth).CoastalBritishColumbiaenjoysatemperateclimate,withamildandrainywinter.,People,AboriginalpeoplesinCanadaincludetheFirstNationsInuit,andMtis.TheMtisacultureofmixedbloodoriginatedinthemid-17thcenturywhenFirstNationandInuitmarriedEuropeansettlers.TheInuithadmorelimitedinteractionwithEuropeansettlersduringtheearlyperiods.,ThelandthatisnowCanadawasinhabitedformillenniabyvariousgroupsofAboriginalpeoples.Beginninginthelate15thcentury,BritishandFrenchexpeditionsexplored,andlatersettled,alongtheAtlanticcoast.FrancecedednearlyallofitscoloniesinNorthAmericain1763aftertheSevenYearsWar.,Governmentandpolitics,Canadahasstrongdemocratictraditionsupheldthroughaparliamentarygovernmentwithintheconstructofconstitutionalmonarchy,themonarchyofCanadabeingthefoundationoftheexecutive,legislative,andjudicialbranchesanditsauthoritystemmingfromtheCanadianpopulace.ThesovereignisQueenElizabethII,whoalsoservesasheadofstateof15otherCommonwealthcountriesandresidespredominantlyintheUnitedKingdom.Assuch,theQueensrepresentative,theGovernorGeneralofCanada,carriesoutmostoftheroyaldutiesinCanada.,Thedirectparticipationoftheroyalandvice-royalfiguresinanyoftheseareasofgovernanceislimited,though;inpractice,theiruseoftheexecutivepowersisdirectedbytheCabinet,acommitteeofministersoftheCrownresponsibletotheelectedHouseofCommonsandheadedbythePrimeMinisterofCanada,theheadofgovernment.Toensurethestabilityofgovernment,thegovernorgeneralwillusuallyappointasprimeministerthepersonwhoisthecurrentleaderofthepoliticalpartythatcanobtaintheconfidenceofapluralityintheHouseofCommonsandtheprimeministerchoosestheCabinet.,Party,EachMemberofParliamentintheHouseofCommonsiselectedbysimplemajorityinanelectoraldistrictorriding.Generalelectionsmustbecalledbythegovernorgeneral,ontheadviceoftheprimeminister,withinfouryearsofthepreviouselection,ormaybetriggeredbythegovernmentlosingaconfidencevoteintheHouseMembersoftheSenate,whoseseatsareapportionedonaregionalbasis,serveuntilage75.,Foreignrelations,Canadaneverthelesshasanindependentforeignpolicy,mostnotablymaintainingfullrelationswithCubaanddecliningtoofficiallyparticipateintheIraqWar.CanadaalsomaintainshistorictiestotheUnitedKingdomandFranceandtootherformerBritishandFrenchcoloniesthroughCanadasmembershipintheCommonwealthofNationsandtheFrancophone.,Economy,Canadaisoneoftheworldswealthiestnations,withahighper-capitaincome.Itisoneoftheworldstoptentradingnations.,LikeotherFirstWorldnations,theCanadianeconomyisdominatedbytheserviceindustry,whichemploysaboutthreequartersofCanadians.Canadaisunusualamongdevelopedcountriesintheimportanceofitsprimarysector,inwhichtheloggingandpetroleumindustriesaretwoofthemostimportant.,EconomicintegrationwiththeUnitedStateshasincreasedsignificantlysinceWorldWarII.,NAFTA(NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement)InitialingCeremony,October1992,Canadasofficialnationalsportsarehockeyinthewinterandlacrosseinthesummer.Hockeyisanationalpastimeandthemostpopularspectatorsportinthecountry.,Ottawa,OttawaisthecapitalofCanada.thecityliesonthesouthernbanksoftheOttawaRiver,amajorwaterwayformingthelocalboundarybetweentheprovincesofOntarioandQuebec.,Toronto,TorontoisthelargestcityinCanadaandtheprovincialcapitalofOntario.ItislocatedinSouthernOntarioonthenorthwesternshoreofLakeOntario.Withover2.5millionresidents,itisthefifthmostpopulousmunicipalityinNorthAmerica.,NiagaraFalls,OverviewofCanadaOfficialName:CanadaCapital:OttawaTypeofgovernment:aconstitutionalmonarchywithparliamentarydemocracy,aswellasbeingafederation.Area:9,976,162sqkmOfficialLanguage:EnglishandFrenchPopulation:over31million,People:84.6%areWhitepeople,1.6%areBlack,0.4%areHispanic,6.9%areAsian,and6.5%areothernativepeoples.Religion:Christianity77%,None16.2%,Islam2.0%,Judaism1.1%,Hinduism1.0%,Buddhism1.0%,Sikhism0.9%(2001)MajorRivers:Mackenzie,Yukon,Nelson,SaskatchewanNationalflower:Canadahasnonationalflower.Thereareonlynationalflowersforeachprovince.,Flag&CoatofArms,White:peaceandhonestyRed:hardiness,bravery&strengthThe11-pointedmapleleafinthemiddledoesnotrepresentanything,Questions:WhocamefirstandsettledCanada?WhichcountryisthelargestcountryinNorthAmerica?WhichtwocitiesarehometothelargestChinesecommunitiesinNorthAmerica?,
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