2019-2020年初中英语动词时态教程 人教新目标版.doc

2019-2020年初中英语动词时态教程 人教新目标版一般现在时构成：一般现在时主要由动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s。另外，be动词和have有特殊的人称形式。be动词：第一人称单数之后用am，第二人称及复数人称之后用are，第三人称单数之后用is。have“有”动词：第三人称单数之后用has，其他人称之后用have。实义动词例句：They take a rest on Sundays. 他们星期天休息。He takes a walk in the park every morning. 他每天早晨在公园里散步。be动词例句：You are my friend. 你是我的朋友。I am your friend. 我是你的朋友。He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。have“有”动词例句：She has blue eyes. 她有蓝眼睛。I have blue eyes. 我有蓝眼睛。一般现在时的用法1、现在的事实用动词原形（现在式）表示 2、现在的习惯3、不变的真理例句：1、His pulse is fine. 他的脉搏很好。（表示现在的事实）2、Jenny gets up early. 珍妮起得很早。（表示现在的习惯）3、The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转。（表示不变的真理）一般现在时常常和下列时间状语连用：always（总是）、usually（通常）、often（常常）、sometimes（有时）、every day（每天）、on Sunday（在星期天）、in the evening（在晚上）、in the morning 在上午、in the afternoon 在下午，等等。在主从复合句中，当主句是将来时时，由if和unless Qn5les （除非；若不；如果不）引导的条件状语从句和由as soon as、before、when等引导的时间状语从句用现在时表将来（注意，不仅是一般现在时），这就是我们常说的“主将从现”。例如：1) I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 2) I will tell him about this as soon as I see him.请看下面这段短文，用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空：George and Mary 1 (be) brother and sister. They 2 (live) in a big house. The house 3 (be) in front of a hill.George 4 (go) to school, but little Mary 5 (do not). She 6 (be) only five.George 7 (like) sports. He 8 (swim) and 9 (skate) well. After school he often 10 (play) football with his friends. Does Mary 11 (like) sports? Yes, she 12 (do). But she 13 (not like) singing and dancing.现在进行时态构成：现在进行时是由助动词be（am、is、are）+ 动词的现在分词构成的。显然，am、is、are在这种结构中已没有“是”“在”“有”等意义，它们已成为“助动词”。但它们的用法，即am、is、are的使用要随主语的人称或数加以变化，和我们过去学过的规则是一样的。I am reading the text now. 我现在在读课文。（助动词be用第一人称单数时的形式“am”。）We are reading the text now. 我们现在在读课文。（助动词be用复数人称时的形式“are”。）You are reading the text now. 你现在在读课文。（助动词be用第二人称时的形式“are”。）He is reading the text now. 他现在在读课文。（助动词be用第三人称单数时的形式“is”。）将括号内的动词变为现在进行时填空：1. He _ (do) his homework.2. I _ (drink) tea.3. We _ (look) at the blackboard.4. She _ (read) a book.5. They _ (clean) the house.6. You _ (watch) TV.1、表示现在某时刻正在进行的动作。现在进行时态的用法 2、表示现阶段正在进行的动作。3、表示某种感情色彩。（此时常与always连用。）现在进行时可与now、at present、at this moment、these days等时间的状语，也可不用时间的状语。例句：My father is listening to those students now. 我爸爸现在正在听那些学生讲话。（表示现在某时刻正在进行的动作。）The workers are building a new factory. 工人们正在建一间新工厂。（表示现阶段正在进行的动作。）He is always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。（表示某种感情色彩。具体到本例句，是表示对“他总是帮助别人”的赞许之情。）按要求转换句型，每空一词：1. Theyre drinking tea.（改为否定句） They _ _ tea.2. Tom is doing his homework. （改为一般疑问句）_ _ _ his homework?3. sister, his, now, work（连词成句）_ _ _ _ _?4. Tom and Mike are singing a song.（对划线部分提问）_ _ _ a song?5. Hes putting on his new shirt.（对划线部分提问） _ _ _?6. The girl is riding a bike.（改为一般疑问句）7. We are jumping.（改为否定句）8. My mother is making cakes.（对划线部分提问）9. Li Lei is watching TV now.（对划线部分提问）10. Lucy is thinking now.（对划线部分提问）11. Im doing my homework.1）改为否定句 2）改为一般疑问句 3）就my homework提问一般过去时构成：“是”动词一般过去时的形式是was和were，不同的人称和数要用不同的形式： I was（第一人称单数） we you were（第二人称单数） you were（第一、第二和第三人称复数） he they she was（第三人称单数）it“是”动词一般过去时否定式的构成是：在was（或were）后面加not；疑问式的构成是：将was（或were）提到主语的前面。例如：He was a teacher.（肯定句）- He was not a teacher.（否定句）Was he a teacher?（一般疑问句）“有”动词一般过去时的形式是had，没有人称和数的变化。在英国英语中，其否定式的构成是：在had后面加not；疑问式的构成是：将had提到主语的前面。例如：You had a radio.（肯定句）- You had not a radio.（否定句）Had you a radio?（一般疑问句）在美国英语中，“有”动词其实就是普通的实义动词，其否定形式的构成与其它实义动词的否定形式无异也就是使用相应时态的助动词。具体到一般过去时态的例句：You had a radio.（肯定句）- You didnt have a radio.（否定句）Did you have a radio?（一般疑问句）人教版新目标（“Go for it”）初中英语教材偏向于美国英语习惯。行为动词的一般过去时用动词的过去式，没有人称和数的变化；其否定式和疑问式要加助动词did，也没有人称和数的变化，否定式的构成是：“did not + 动词原形”，疑问式的构成是：“Did + 主语 + 动词原形+?”例如：He worked there.（肯定句）- He did not work there.（否定句）They worked there.（陈述句）- Did they work there?（一般疑问句）1、表示过去的动作或状态。一般过去时的用法 2、表示过去的习惯动作。3、用于谈论或评价已故的人。4、用于描述过去发生的事情。其它例句：Last year I lived here with my children. 去年我和我的孩子们住在这里。（表示过去的动作或状态。）I took a walk along the river every evening when I lived in the small village. 我住在这个小村子里时，每天傍晚都要沿河散步。（表示过去的习惯动作。）Lei Feng was a good example to us. 雷锋是我们的好榜样。（用于谈论或评价已故的人。）I was glad to see your father. 见到你的父亲我非常高兴。（用于描述过去发生的事情。）一般过去时用来表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态时，通常带有说明过去时间的状语，如: yesterday、last night、three days ago、last month、in 1965等等。一般过去时用来表示过去发生的经常性的或反复出现的动作时，通常带有every week（每一个星期）often（常常、经常）sometimes（有时）等时间状语。例如：My father often got up early last year. 我的父亲去年常常早起。将下列句子改为一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答：1. She was in the classroom just now.2. They were three years old.3. He could see a bird in the tree.4. They could see a kite in the sky. 他们可以看见一只风筝在天空中。5. They were in Grade One.6. Toms father taught English.7. Phillip菲利普(男子名) liked Chinese best.8. They flew to Shanghai yesterday.9. The Greens moved to another city (另一个城市).10. I went to the beach on vacation.11. We watched TV last night.将下列句子改为否定句：1. Toms father taught English.2. Phillip菲利普(男子名) liked Chinese best.3. They flew to Shanghai yesterday.4. The Greens moved to another city（另一个城市）.5. I went to the beach on vacation.6. We watched TV last night.一般将来时构成：“助动词will（或shall）+ 动词原形”构成。Shall仅用于第一人称，较多出现于书面语中，will用于包括第一人称的所有人称，在日常口语中，第一人称经常用will。will在名词或代词后常缩写为ll，其否定形式will not常缩写为wont。一般将来时的用法一般将来时表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的情况。例句：They say that it will rain. 他们说要下雨。Will she e home next Sunday? 下星期天她将回家吗?They wont have an English lesson tomorrow. 他们明天不上英语课。用“be going to + 动词原形”表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。如：Theyre going to meet at the school gate. 他们打算在校门口见面Were not going to have any classes next week. 下一周我们不上课。有少数表示位置转移的动词如：go、e、leave、start、arrive等，可以用现在进行时来表示预料不久即将发生的动作。如：Were leaving on Friday. 星期五我们就要离开。The President is ing to the UN this week. 本周总统要来联合国。在主从复合句中，当主句是将来时时，由if和unless Qn5les （除非；若不；如果不）引导的条件状语从句和由as soon as、before、when等引导的时间状语从句用现在时表将来（注意，不仅是一般现在时），这就是我们常说的“主将从现”。用括号内动词的适当形式填空：1. I _ (leave) in a minute. I _ (finish) all my work before I _ (leave).2. How long _ you _ (study) in our country?I _ (plan) to be here for about two years. And I _ (hope) to visit the other parts of your country.What _ you _ (do) after you _ (leave) here.I _ (go) back home and _ (get) a job.3. I _ (be) tired. I _ (go) to bed early tonight.4. Marys birthday is next Monday. Her mother _ (give) her a present.5. It is very cold these days. It _ (snow) soon.6._ you _ (be) here this Saturday?No. I _ (visit) my teacher.7. I _ (get) a tutor for my little son tomorrow.8. I am afraid there _ (be) a meeting this afternoon. I cant join you.过去进行时构成：were + 动词的现在分词当主语是第三人称单数或第一人称单数时：was + 动词的现在分词过去进行时的用法1、表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。2、表示在过去某一段时间里持续进行的动作，当然有时也可以有间歇。3、常常用来介绍故事的背景。4、有少数动词可以用过去进行时来表示在过去预料不久即将发生的动作，如：go（去），e（来），leave（离开），等。过去进行时的句子中一般要有表示过去时间的状语或状语从句，说明动作是在什么时候或在什么情况下发生的。一般地说，句中如果有时间点加表示过去的时间的状语应该用过去进行时。at eight last night（昨晚八点钟）时间点 表示过去的时间的状语at that time yesterday（在昨天的那时）时间点 表示过去的时间的状语at this time last week（在上个星期的这时）时间点 表示过去的时间的状语句中如果有以上的时间的状语一般地说应该用过去进行时。例句：They were playing cards from seven to nine last night. 昨晚七点到九点时他们正在打牌。He was writing a story-book last year. 去年他在写一本故事书。One day a little monkey was playing in a tall tree by the river. A mother crocodile was looking for food near the bank. 一天，一只小猴子正在河边的一棵大树上玩耍，一只母鳄鱼正在河岸附近觅食。He said his parents were going to America soon. 他说他的父母不久将去美国。用括号内所给动词的正确时态填空：1. What _ you _ (do) at this time yesterday morning?We _ (have) English class.2. Bob Smith _ (not look) for anything when I saw him last Sunday morning.3. My father _ (read) a newspaper while my mother _ (watch) TV at 8:00 last night.4. When _ you _ (join) the army, Jim?Last year.5. She _ (do) some housework at that moment.6. What _ you _ (do) this time last night?I _ (go) over my lessons.7. Bob _ (lie) in bed when I entered his room.8. It was five in the afternoon, the students _ (play) football on the playground.9. While Mum _ (wash) clothes, Dad _ (repair) his car in the garage.10. Tom, as well as his friends, _ (skate) in the park from 8 am to 10 am this morning.现在完成时构成：助动词have + 动词的过去分词当主语是第三人称单数时：助动词has + 动词的过去分词现在完成时的用法1、现在完成时表示动作已完成，但影响还在。2、现在完成时还表示由过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到说话时候的动作或状态，用于这种意义时通常带有“for”（表示动作持续的时间）或“since”（表示“自从以来”）等表示一般时间的状语。3、表示在说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在已经成为一种经验，汉语用“过”来表示。现在完成时常和与现在有关的时间状语连用，例如：just（刚才）already（已经）before（完成时态的“以前”）today（今天）recently（最近）等副词连用，表示现在完成的事或刚刚完成的动作。现在完成时还与“for + 时间段”“since + 时间点”构成的时间状语连用。现在完成时属于现在时态范畴，因而不能和表示纯粹具体过去时间的状语连用，如yesterday、last week、three years ago、in 1960等；但是，可以和already、just、before、yet等表示模糊过去的时间状语连用，也可以与ever、never、once, often, seldom 5seldm（不常；很少）等词连用，表示持续到现在的经验。表示在说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在已经成为一种经验，汉语用“过”来表示。现在完成时用于这种意义时，可用once（一次）often（常常）ever（曾经）never（从来没有）before（完成时态的“以前”）等时间状语。例句：I have already posted the photos. 我已经把照片邮寄了。（“邮寄”是过去发生的动作，对现在造成的结果是“照片不在我这里”。）Have you seen her these days? 这些天你见到过她吗？He has learned English for about two years. 他学英语大约两年了。They have lived in Beijing since 1980. 自从1980年以来他们一直住在北京。用动词的现在完成时填空：1. Wu Dong _ (be) a soldier for one year.2. The students _ (study) in the middle school since last month.3. How long _ you _ (know) him?4. Mike _ (make) quite a few friends since he came to China.5. I _ (give) my friend a nice book recently.6. Li Ping and Wu Dong _ (see) the old man three times.7. _ she ever _ (teach) you English?8. These children _ (stay) in the park for two hours.过去将来时构成：助动词would + 动词原形should + 动词原形（仅用于第一人称I或we）was / were + going to + 动词原形 也可表示根据计划或安排在过去的将来即将发生的事。例如：She said she was going to start at once. 她说她将立即出发。e、go、leave、arrive、start、fly、drive等表示方位转移的动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。如：He said the train was leaving at six the next morning. 他说火车第二天早晨出发。She told me she was ing to see me. 她告诉我她要来看我。过去将来时的用法1、过去将来时表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。2、过去将来时常用在间接引语中，主句谓语动词为过去时态。例句：Late at night on November 28, 1938, Dr. Bethune got word that a battle would soon begin. 1938年11月28日深夜，白求恩大夫接到通知说，一场战斗不久将打响。（带时间状语soon）He said he would e back the next day. 他说他第二天回来。（带时间状语the next day）如the next day确是说话人说话时刻的第二天，也可改用tomorrow。如：He said he would e back tomorrow. 他说他明天回来。用所给词的适当形式填空：1. He said that he _ _ the next day. (e)2. He told me she _ _ _ _ him that afternoon. (see)3. He said if it _ fine the next day, he _ _ skating. (be, go)4. I told him when I _ _ to see him, and of course when I _ to see him I _ _ him. (go, go, phone)过去完成时构成：助动词“had + 动词的过去分词”构成，had没有人称和数的变化。过去完成时的用法1、表示动作在过去某一时刻之前完成，或在过去另一动作之前完成，它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。2、表示在过去某一时间之前开始，并一直延续到那时的动作或状态。例句：When we got to the airport, the plane had already gone. 我们到达机场时，飞机已起飞了。He told me that he had been there since 1970. 他告诉我一九七O年以来一直在那里。选择正确答案：1. I lost the book I _.A. have bought B. bought C. had bought D. had been bought2. The bus had gone when I _ at the bus stop.A. have arrived B. arrived C. had arrived D. am arriving3. Tom _ of visiting his grandmother, but the bad weather made him change his mind.A. has thought B. thought C. had thought D. had been thought4. Did you meet Tom at the airport? No, he _ by the time I _ there.A. has left; got B. had left; arrived C. left; arrived D. left; had got5. I _ to e to help you. But you didnt e.A. have meant B. had meant C. meant D. will mean6. Finally Mary was admitted by Beijing University, for which she _ five times.A. had tried B. was trying C. has tried D. tried7. I have bought you the books you want. Oh, good, I _ afraid you had forgotten.A. was B. am C. had been D. have been8. It was not until I _ your letter that I realized what you _.A. have read; did B. had read; have doneC. had read; had done D. read; had done现在完成进行时构成：have been + 动词的现在分词当主语是第三人称单数时：has been + 动词的现在分词现在完成进行时的用法现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在，动作仍在继续进行。例句：The young man has been writing for more than three hours.那个年轻人已经写作了三个多小时了。We have been trying to be the first one. 我们一直在争做第一名。用适当时态填空：1. When I arrived, the supper _ (already begin).2. They _ (not catch) the thief yet.3. By the time he came, I _ (plete) the work.4. I _ (not see) him lately.5. I _ (listen) to the radio since this morning.6. I _ (lose) the pen which I _ (buy) the day before.7. By next Sunday she _ (stay) with us for three weeks.8. I felt much better after I _ (take) the medicine.9. Hell go out when he _ (do) with this book.10. Im tired of rain. It _ (rain) since last Sunday.初中时态综述及各时态的练习时态是动词的一种形式，它包含两方面的意思：一方面表示行为或动作发生的时间，即所谓“时”：另方面表示行为或动作进行的情况，即所谓“体”。在不同的时间以不同的方式发生的动作或存在的情况，英语要用不同的时态来表示。从行为或动作发生的时间来看，英语动词用四种时态：现在时态、过去时态、将来时态和过去将来时态。从动作进行或完成的情况来看，每个时态又有四种式：一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。因此，英语动词共有十六种时态。现将初中阶段所学的九种时态列表如下：时/体 一般 进行 完成 完成进行现在 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时过去 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时将来 一般将来时过去将来 过去将来时我们已学过动词的九种时态。在这些时态中，我们一般是依“时”定“态”，（“时”指“时间”，即现在、将来还是过去；“态”指“形态”或“形式”，即一般、进行、还是完成等。）也就是根据动作发生的时间，确定动词所需的形式。例如：我们每天上一节英语课。We have（态）an English class every day（时）.（一般现在时）现在我们正在上英语课。We are having（态）an English class now（时）.（现在进行时）昨天上午我们上了一节英语课。We had（态）an English class yesterday morning（时）.（一般过去时）明天下午我们要上一节英语课。We will have（态）an English class tomorrow afternoon（时）.（一般将来时）昨晚八点钟我正在做作业。I was doing（态）my homework at eight last night （时）.（过去进行时）at eight时间点加last night表示过去时间的状语那个男孩收集邮票已经10年了。That boy has been collecting（态） stamps for ten years（时）.（现在完成进行时）动作仍在继续进行各时态的练习：1. Mr. Zhang is an English teacher. He _ English well.A. teach B. taught C. teaches D. has taught2. Tom with other boys _ to go and _ the game.A. want; watch B. wants; watches C. wants; watch D. want; to watch 3. Young man! If you _ late again, youll lose your job.A. will be B. were C. are D. have been4. If he _ harder, he will catch up with us soon.A. study B. studies C. will study D. studied5. Ill go to the zoo if it _ tomorrow.A. wont rain B. will rain C. doesnt rain D. rains6. Shall we go shopping now?Sorry, I cant. I _ my shirts.A. wasn B. washes C. washes D. am washing7. _ you _ TV at the moment? No, you can turn it off.A. Did; watch B. Are; watching C. Do; watch D. Have; watched8. Look! The sun _ down.A. go B. goes C. is going D. going9. Please tell me when we _ an English party.Next Sunday.A. are going to have B. had C. have D. have had10. Look at those black clouds. It _ rain. Lets hurry.A. maybe B. will C. has D. is going to11. There _ a football match on TV this evening.A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have12. Jimmy is leaving for a holiday.Really? Where _ he _?A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. does; go13. Our country _ hold the xx Olympic Games in _.A. will be; Beijing B. will; Shanghai C. is; Shanghai D. will; Beijing14. If you have any trouble, be sure to call me. _.A. I am glad to hear that B. I will. Thank you very muchC. I have no trouble D. I will think it over15. Dont be late for class again, Tommy.Sorry. I _.A. dont B. am not C. didnt D. wont16. I called you last night, but nobody answered the phone. _.A. Sorry, I was out last night. B. Can I take a message for you?C. All right. See you then. D. It doesnt matter.17. Well, I found this. I think it must be yours. My watch! Thank you. Where _ it?A. do you find B. have you found C. were you finding D. did you find18. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy.A. is B. was C. are D. were19. Someone _ at the door when Tom was having his supper.A. had knocked B. has knocked C. knocked D. knocking20. How was your weekend on the farm?Great! We _ with the farmers.A. enjoy ourselves B. went fishing C. will work D. make friends21. When the teacher came in, the students _ about the new film.A. are talking B. were talking C. talked D. talks22. I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.Oh, I am sorry I _ dinner at my friends home.A. have B. had C. was having D. have had23. Rick! Your jacket is wet through. Didnt you listen to the weather report this morning?No, I didnt. I was in a hurry. Besides, it _ when I left.A. hadnt rained B. would rain C. rained D. wasnt raining24. Some passengers were walking through one of the big halls at Charles De Gaulle Airport _ the whole roof fell down.A. while B. as soon as C. when D. after25. I didnt see you at the meeting yesterday. Why? I _ for a long distance call from my daughter in Canada then.A. waited B. have waited C. was waiting D. will wait26. Mum, may I go out to play football?_ you _ your homework yet?A. Have；finished B. Do; finish C. Are; finishing D. Did; finish27. What are you going to do this Saturday?I _ yet.A. havent decided B. wont decide C. am not decided D. didnt decide28. Mr. Green _ in China since five years ago. A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live29. How time flies! Ten years _ passed.A. have B. has C. is D. are30. You dont have to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet31. Where is my pen? I _ it here but now I cant find it.A. put B. have just put C. was putting D. has just put32. Tina! Your aunt has _ you a box of chocolate.A. carried B. brought C. found D. taken33. Its 7:30. I cant believe you _ cooking dinner yet, Sally.A. havent started B. didnt start C. dont start D. hadnt started34. Sorry, Mr. Hu. My father cant e to the parents meeting. He _ Hainan.A. goes to B. has been to C. has gone to D. went to35. David _ Shanghai for more than three months.A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has e to36. _ you ever _ to the United States?Yes, twice.A. Have; gone B. Have; been C. Do; go D. Were; going37. What a nice bike! How long _ you _ it? Just two weeks.A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are; having D. have; had38. Anna, could you lend me this book, please?Im sorry, but I _ it for only two days, I havent finished it yet.A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had39. Dongdong has _ Greener China for two months.A. joined B. taken part in C. been D. been a member of40. The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer _ for half an hour.A