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名词性从句,Practicetime.单句改错,1.Thattheearthturnsaroundthesunareknowntoall.2.Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhaventbeenknownyet.3.Ididntknowthatyouwillcome.4.Hesaidthatheiswritingastory.5.Couldyoutellmewhenwillhearrive?6.YoucanbegintoseewhydoesEnglishhavesuchstrangerules.,_is,_hasnt,_would,_was,_hewill,_Englishhas,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句(NounClauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词从句,他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.(),你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Couldyoutellmewherehelives?()Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?(),F,T,T,F,名词性从句考点归纳,一、名词性从句的语序陈述语序,二、名词性从句连接词的选用,1.that和what的选用,that和what都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。,that/what,1._hewantsisabook.2._hewantstogothereisobvious.3.Theresultis_wewonthegame.4.Thisis_wewanttoknow.5.Is_hetoldustrue?6.Weshouldpayattentionto_theteacherissaying.7.Ihavenodoubt_hewillcome.8.Ihavenoidea_hedidthatafternoon.9._hasmadeChina_itisnow.,What,That,that,what,what,what,that,what,what,what,whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether不能被if所取代：1.whether引导主语从句（包括从句在句首的位置)不用if，如：Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.Whetherhewillcome,Iamnotsure.2.引导表语从句用whether，不用if，如：Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.3.引导同位语从句用whether，不用if，如：Thequestionwhetherhellattendthemeetingisimportant.4.whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而if则不能，如：Imnotinterestedinwhethertheyllgoornot.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.,2.whether与if的辨用,7.用if会引起歧义时。Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikeit.该句有两个意思：“请告诉我你是否喜欢”。或“如果你喜欢,请告诉我。”用了whether就可以避免。,5.whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而if则不能，如：Ididntknowwhethertolaughortocry.Shehasntdecidedwhethertogoornot.6.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用ifIdontknowwhetheritisrightornot.,引导动词之后的宾语从句可用if或者whether,Practicetime,if/whether1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2._wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.3.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.4.Idontknow_heiswellornot.5.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.6.Thequestionis_heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion_theoldmanwillrecoversoon.8.Idontknow_togo.9._youarenotfreetomorrow,Illgowithoutyou.,if/whether,Whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,whether,If,3.其它连接代词和副词的连用,主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的选择who、which、when、where、why、how等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。,我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。Idontknow_broketheglassyesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。Ihavenoidea_helookslike.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。Thisis_Ileftmyglasses.,When,who,what,where,that引导名词性从句时在从句中不做任何成分，也没有具体的意义。其他连接词在引导从句时都做相应的成分并有具体的意思。,ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.TheproblemisthatwedonthaveenoughmoneySheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.,1.)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。,4.that不能省略的情况,2).It做形式宾语的宾语从句：,IdontthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishloudly.,3).并列宾语从句中，从第二个宾语从句开始都不可省略Hetoldme(that)hisfatherhaddiedandthathehadtomakealivingalone.4).当that宾语从句中状语部分位与从句前部时，Tellhimthatifhecomestomorrow,pleasecallme.5).当that前有插入语时Tomdidntknow,Imsure,thathissisterwasgoingtoJapan.,that/(that),1.Idontthink_sheiscoming.2.Itisapity_hehasmadesuchamistake.3.Thereasonis_heiscareless.4.Thenews_ourteamwonthematchinspiredus.5.Idontthinkitnecessary_youshouldreadEnglishaloud.6.Hetoldme_hisfatherhaddiedand_hehadtomakealivingalone.,(that),that,that,that,that,(that),that,6.whatever/whoever的功用：Whatever/whoever可引导主语，宾语，表语从句，并在从句中做主语，宾语，表语。这种用法中，whatever/whoever不含疑问意义。Whatever=anythingthat;whoever=anyonewho,1.Whoeverbreaksthelawistobepunished._breaksthelawistobepunished.,Anyonewho,2.Theywilldowhateverhewantsthemtodo.Theywilldo_hewantsthemtodo.,anythingthat,疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别：疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.,Nomatter+疑问词可换成疑问词+ever,二。宾语从句的时态呼应,1.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.Hebelieves_.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.Pleasetellme_.,hisdreamwillcometruesomeday,whatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday,2.如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。Hetoldme_.他说他已离开家乡十年了。Hetoldme_.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。Theteachertellus_,hewaspreparingfortheexamination,Hehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyears,lighttravelsinastraightline.,三、同位语从句的引导和辨别,1.同位语从句的格式：n.+连接词+从句2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact、idea,news,information,order,belief,suggestion,advice等3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用whether,what,when,where等来引导同位语从句。,1.Ihavenoidea_hecomesfrom.2.Hecantanswerthequestion_hegotthemoney.3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions_weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.4.Ihavenodoubt_hewillwin.5.Ihavesomedoubt_hewillwin.,that/whether/where/how,where,how,that,that,whether,4）同位语从句和定语从句的区别,1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。,2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.,1.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.,1.Theinformationhasbeenannouncedthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity.2.Theinformationthatherevealedatthemeetingisofgreatvalue.,同位语从句/定语从句,定,同,同,定,四。It的用法：（形式主语）Itpossible/important/necessary/clearthat很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚Itssaid/reportedthat.据说/据报道Itsbeenannounced/declaredthat.已经通知/宣布Itseems/appears/happens.that显然、明显、碰巧.Itsnowonderthat并不奇怪/无疑Itsapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知）/acommonsaying.（俗话说）,It做形式主语：(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat.(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat(D)Itseems/happensthat。IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup,名词性从句中的虚拟语气（1）,Itisimportant/necessary/natural/strangethat.+(should)+vItisapity/ashame/suggested/insisted/ordered.在suggestion,proposal,plan,idea,order,decision的表语从句中(should)+v宾语从句中的虚拟：Wishthat.表示坚持，建议，命令，要求的从句,名词性从句中的虚拟语气（2）,ItistimethatWouldrather,几个固定句式：强调句Itis/was+强调部分that.(如果强调部分是疑问词)Whoisitthatspokefirst?Whenwasitthattheycamehere?关于doubtsb.doubtif/whether.sb.dont/doesntthat.Thereisnodoubtthat.Thereisnodoubtthathewillwinthegame.疑问词doyouthink+(用陈述句语序)Whodoyouthinkweinvitedtogiveusthetalk?,1.Itnowappears_theyareinneedofhelp.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how2.Itisgoodnews_theywillarriveinafewdays.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how3.It_Joedrivesbadly.A.thoughtthatB.thinksthatC.isthoughtthatD.isthoughtthat4.It_heislateforclass.A.maythatB.mightthatC.maybethatD.mightbewhat5.Thisis_shewasborn.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what6.Thequestionis_wecantgotheretoday.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when,7.Thequestionis_itisworthdoing.A.ifB.whetherC.whichD.what8.Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis_hehasneverwastedhistime.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.what9.Mysuggestionis_weshouldturnthelandintoricefields.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where10.Hisproposalisthatthedam_atthefootofthemountain.A.buildB.willbuildC.bebuiltD.willbebuilt11.Myadviceisthathe_regularhouse.A.keepB.wouldkeepC.keepsD.kept12._knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.A.WhothatB.WhoeverC.WhomthatD.Thatwho,13.Weallknowthetruth_theearthgoesroundthesun.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether14.Weheardthenews_ourteamhadwon.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where15.Theproblem_itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.if16.Youmustdowell_theteacherasksyoutodo.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where,Thankyou,名词demand,suggestion,proposal,advice等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为should+do,should可省略,1.HegavemeasuggestionthatI(should)becalmnow.,2.Thesuggestionthattheplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.,Theend,5、名词从句与定语从句的一些对应关系：1.Hehasdonewhathecantohelpme.-Hehasdone_hecantohelpme.WhatIwanttosayhasnothingtodowithit.-_Iwanttosayhasnothingtodowithit.,allthat,Allthat,3.Whoeverbreaksthelawistobepunished._breaksthelawistobepunished.4.Hewillgivethedictionarytowhoeverneedsifmost.Hewillgivethedictionaryto_needsitmost.5.Wellrememberwhomeverweturnedtoforhelp.Wellremember_weturnedtoforhelp.6.Theywilldowhateverhewantsthemtodo.Theywilldo_hewantsthemtodo.7.Illreadwhicheverbookyougiveme.Illread_ofthebooks_yougiveme.,Anyonewho,anyonewho,Anyone(whom),anythingthat,any,that,名词性从句中主句和从句的主谓一致、语序,主语从句做主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.,名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.Weveheardthenewsthatwellmoveintothenewhouse.,
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