2019-2020年九年级英语不定代词及常考代词辨析.doc

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2019-2020年九年级英语不定代词及常考代词辨析一. 本周教学内容不定代词及常考代词辨析二. 知识归纳与总结(一)不定代词的分类不定代词是指代非特定对象的代词。可根据不同的标准分类: 1. 肯定意义的不定代词 2. 否定意义的不定代词 3. 指两者的不定代词 4. 指三者以上的不定代词 5. 只能作定语用的不定代词 6. 表示可数意义的不定代词 7. 表示不可数意义的不定代词8. 复合不定代词(二)复合不定代词所带有的修饰词要后置,作后置定语。复合不定代词也都可由else修饰,表示“其它的”。eg.1. I have something important.2. He hasnt anything to tell you.3. Do you want to say anything else?(三)不定代词做主语时谓语动词数的概念不定代词做主语时谓语动词应当用单数。eg. 1. Nothing is done to the pollution in this area.2. Nobody has been sent to the front up to now.(四)不定代词的全部否定和部分否定全部否定的不定代词:none,neither,nothing 部分否定的不定代词:not all,not both,not everything,all.not,bothnot,everythingnot(五)辨析A. some 与 any 的用法 1. some 用于肯定句以及表示建议或期待得到肯定回答的问句。修饰单数名词,意为“某个”。 eg. (1)I have some questions about the assignment. (2)Would you mind buying me some ice cream? (希望得到肯定答复)。2. any 用于否定句和疑问句时,表示“一些”。用于肯定句时,只和单数名词或不可数名词连用,表示“任何”。 eg. The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at any chemists. 3. 以some,any构成的复合不定代词在用法上,基本上与some和any相似。someone,somebody,something一般用于肯定句。anyone,anybody,anything一般用于否定句,疑问句和条件状语从句。当表达建议,请求等肯定意图时,疑问句中也可以用以some构成的复合不定代词。当表示带有“任何”意味时,由any构成的复合不定代词也可以用于肯定句。我们要根据说话的口气来判断,区别和应用。eg.(1)Look carefully and youll see something in the tree.(2)Did they smell anything strange?(3)Will you give me something to eat?4. 由any构成的不定代词,在否定句中不可做主语(除非表示“任何”之意)。此时要用none,nobody(no one),nothing等表否定的词来做主语。不可说anything isnt wrong with you, 要说Nothing is wrong with you。B. 辨析each 与 every 的用法 1. every 强调全体的概念, each强调个体概念。eg. (1)Every student in our school works hard.我们学校的学生都很用功。(2)Each student may have one book. 每个学生都可有一本书。2. every 指三个以上的人或物(含三个),each指两个以上的人或物(含两个)。3. every 只作形容词,不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。eg. (1)Every student has to take one.(2)Each boy has to take one.(3)Each of the boys has to take one.4. every不可以作同位语,each可作同位语。5. every 有“每”的意思,如 every two weeks等; each没有。6. every 与not 连用,表示部分否定; each 和not连用表示全部否定。eg. (1)Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。(2)Each man is not honest.这儿每个人都不诚实。 C. both, either, neither, all, any, none这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be 动词之后,行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。1. both(两者都),either(两者中任何一个),neither(两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。eg.Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。2. both,eitherboth与复数连用,either与单数连用。eg.(1)Both the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。(2)Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。(3)There are flowers on both sides of the street. (4)There are flowers on either side of the street.3. all(所有的,全部的人或物),any(任何一个), none(都不)。以上词使用范围为三者以上。eg. (1)All the flowers are gone.所有的花都谢了。(2)I dont like any of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。(3)I like none of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。注意:all与none用法一样。跟单数名词,用单数动词;跟复数名词,用复数动词。 eg. All of the students are there. 所有的学生都在那。 All(of)the milk is there. 所有的牛奶都在那儿。 D. many, muchmany,much都意为“许多”, many 指代可数名词,much 指代不可数名词。还可作形容词用,many 修饰可数名词,much 修饰不可数名词。eg. 1. How many people are there at the meeting? 2. How much time has we left?3. Many of the workers were at the meeting.4. Much of the time was spent in learning. E. few, little, a few, a little(a)few + 可数名词,(a)little +不可数名词 a few / a little 为肯定含义,还有一点few / little为否定含义,没有多少了。eg. He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。 He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。 We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。 There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。F. no one 和none1. none 后跟of短语,既可指人又可指物,而no one单独使用,只指人。2. none 作主语,谓语动词用单,复数均可,而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。eg. (1)None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。(2)Did any one call me up just now? 刚才有人打电话给我吗? No one . 没有。G. it, one 和 that 1. it可指代可数名词和不可数名词。常常指代上文中“the+名词”或“物主代词+名词”中的名词,表示同一件事物,但it代替的事物属于特指。它的复数形式是they或them。 eg. The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in. 2. one 所表示的名词(可指人或物)和前面所提到的名词只是同一类中的任何一个,不是指其中某一个。不能代替不可数名词。复数形式是ones。eg. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one. 3. that 指代的也是同一类事物而不是同一个事物,但that代替的是有定冠词的名词,表特指,它还可以代替不可数名词。用that来代替前面已出现的可数名词(that相当于the one)或不可数名词时,后面一定要跟修饰语,且that只能指物。 eg. No bread eaten by man is so sweet as that earned by his own labor. H. other, another, others, any other, the other 的用法1. other表示泛指,意为“另外的、其它的”。常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果其前有the, this, some, any, each, every, no, one 以及形容词性物主代词时,其后就可接单数名词。 eg. I have no other place to go. 2. another 常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”,泛指单数。可单独使用,也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词,则表示“又、再、还”。eg. This cap is too small for me. Show me another(one). We need another three assistants in our shop. 3. others:它是 other 的复数形式,表示泛指,意为“别的人或物”,但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词;前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。 eg. He has more concern for others than for himself. 4. any other 表示一个之外的其他任何一个,而不是两个之中的另一个。eg. China is larger than any other country in Asia. 5. the other:表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用,也可接单数名词。eg. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other. 【典型例题】1. There are a lot of trees on _ side of the square. A. every B. both C. all D. either答案:A解析:此题考查不定代词数的概念,square 四边都有树,side 为单数形式,所以用every;如果side为复数,则用all。2. We couldnt eat in a restaurant because _ of us had _ money on us. A. all ; no B. any ; no C. none ; any D. no one ;any 答案:C 解析:此题考查不定代词用法。根据主句意思,从句应为完全否定。A为部分否定,不合题意;any不能和no连用是错项;no one不能和of短语连用,也应排除;none表示完全否定,常和any连用。故C为正确选项。3. You may go and ask him. He knows _ about Japanese.A. a few B. few C. little D. a little 答案:D解析:Japanese是不可数名词,且根据句意,应该选择表示肯定含义的有一点儿4. She always thinks of _ more than herself. A. other B. others C. the other D. the others答案:B解析:others = other + n. the others = the othern. 这里根据句意应使用表示泛指的others5. When shall we meet again? Make it _day you like. Its all the same to me. A. one B. any C. another D. some答案:B解析:在强调any(任何)这一意义时,可以用于肯定句中,故选B。6 . Can you e on Monday or Tuesday? Im afraid _ day is possible.A. either B. neither C. some D. any答案:B解析:根据 Im afraid,选项应为表示两者及否定意义的不定代词。neither 表示 “两者都不”,故B为正确答案。 7. Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk? _, thanks. Id like just a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None答案:B解析:根据句意,此题应表示两者都不,因此用neither。8. Li lei often talks _ but does _. So everybody says he is a good boy. A. less ; more B. few ; much C. more ; little D. little ; many 答案:A解析:说的和做的都是不可数的,指代他们应该使用little, much,根据题意有对比的含义,因此应该使用他们的比较级形式。 9. These plants are watered _.A. each other day B. every other dayC. each of two days D. every of two days答案:B解析:every other day 意思为:每隔一天,每两天。 10. Have you finished your report yet? No, Ill finish in _ ten minutes. A. another B. other C. more D. less答案:A解析:another 不仅可与单数可数名词连用,也可与复数名词连用,表示“还,再”故选A。
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