2019-2020年中考英语二轮复习第1讲简单句并列句复合句讲义.doc

2019-2020年中考英语二轮复习第1讲简单句并列句复合句讲义【知识点睛】一、句子分类二、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句 陈述句：用于说明事实或说话人的看法 疑问句：用于提问 祈使句：用于表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等 感叹句：用于表达强烈的感情 （一）陈述句 有肯定和否定两种形式，多以句号结尾，读降调。 陈述句的否定式： 1. be的否定式（be作系动词和助动词） 2. 助动词、情态动词的否定式 3. 除not外，其他否定词也可以构成否定句 1) 用no表示，no = not any/a 2) never从不，决不，永不 seldom很少 hardly几乎不 3) little, few几乎没有 4) no one/nobody没有人 5) nothing什么也没有 6) neither of没有什么(两者都不)；none of没有任何，什么都没有(三者或三者以上都不) 7) tooto太以至于不能 （二）疑问句1. 一般疑问句 （1）用什么词提问，用什么词回答。 Are you a student? 你是一个学生吗？ Yes, I am. 是的，我是。/No, Im not. 不，我不是。 （2）否定的一般疑问句往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。（注意yes/no的翻译） Dont you watch TV at night? 你晚上不看电视吗？ Yes, I do. 不，我看电视。/No, I dont. 是的，我不看电视。 （3）用其他词语代替yes/no，使语气更客气、委婉。 Can you go to the movies with me? 你能和我一起去看电影吗？ Im afraid not. I have much homework to do. 恐怕不行，我有很多作业要做。 2. 特殊疑问句 用特殊疑问词来引导，不用_回答。特殊疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。 （1）疑问代词：what, who, which, whose, whom （2）疑问副词：when, where, why, how（对状语进行提问） （3）疑问词组：how soon, how long, how far, how often等 （4）否定的特殊疑问句一般有劝告、建议、责备等意味。 Why dont you e here? = Why not e here? 3. 选择疑问句 提出两种或以上的情况要对方选择，不能用_回答，要用完整的句子或其省略形式。 （1）一般选择疑问句句式 Do you like tea or coffee? I like tea. （2）特殊选择疑问句句式 Which do you like better, tea or coffee? I prefer tea. 4. 反意疑问句 （1）结构：“陈述部分，简短问句？” （2）原则：_，_ （3）三步走： 第1步将陈述部分变成一般疑问句 第2步提取“助动词(或be动词)+主语”，当主语为名词时，要变为代词 第3步前肯后否，前否后肯（能缩就缩） （4）回答：实事求是 【翻译】Lucy从不早起，是吗？ 是的，她从不早起。/不，她有时候早起。 _ _ （三）祈使句 特征：以_开头，省略第二人称主语_；若要表示礼貌，可以加上语气词_。 肯定式否定式特殊式 Stand up!Dont stand up!No smoking/parking! Be quiet!Dont be noisy!No photos! Let him in!Dont let him in! （四）感叹句 感叹句是用来表达人的特殊感情的句子，可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情色彩。感叹句可以是一个单词、一个不定式、一个由短语构成的独立句，也可以是由what或how引导的句子，句末常用“!”。Great! A good job! _ What a good day (it is)! What terrible weather (it is)! What smart students (they are)! _ How terrible (the weather is)! How smart (the students are)! How fast he runs! 【填空】_ tall the boy is! _ lovely children! _ useful book it is! _ exciting news! 三、简单句、并列句、复合句简单句：由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。 I am a student. Lily and Lucy are twins. He went up to the door, opened it and entered. She will go there either this week or next week. 并列句：由并列连词(and, so, but, or等)把两个或以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子。 He did the work and he did it well. I like music, but I dont like this song. Either you leave, or Tom leaves. 复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。 Do you know where my bike is? John fell asleep while he was listening to the music. That is the woman I met yesterday. （一）常见句子成分 主语：句子所要说的人或物；通常由名词或代词担任 谓语：说明主语的动作或状态；由主动词充当 宾语：及物动词或介词的对象或结果；通常由名词或代词担任 表语：在系动词后，表明主语身份或特征；通常由名词、代词、形容词充当 定语：修饰名词或代词；通常由形容词、代词、数词担任 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词；通常由副词、介词短语担任 宾语补足语：说明宾语怎么样或干什么；常由形容词、动词担任 同位语：通常紧跟在名词、代词后，进一步说明它的情况 （二）简单句五大基本句型 主系表 / 主谓(vi.) / 主谓(vt.)宾 / 主谓(vt.)宾宾 / 主谓(vt.)宾宾补 （三）连词四、三大从句（一）宾语从句含义：在主从复合句中充当宾语的句子。We know Jack is a lazy student.We are talking about whether its a cat.He is unhappy that he didnt pass the exam.分类：动词后宾语从句、介词后宾语从句、形容词后宾语从句三要素：_、_、_宾语从句：陈述句宾语从句：一般疑问句宾语从句：特殊疑问句_ (可省略)_连接词_语序语序_时态Miss Li said that the earth _ (be) round. 【难点1】只用连接词whether的情况 Im thinking about _ I should see the film. I havent decided _ to go to the cinema. Im not sure _ or not its worth seeing the film. 结论：_ 【难点2】特殊疑问句本身语序为陈述语序的句子Who broke the window? What happened last night? Whats the matter/the trouble? Whats up/wrong? When will we meet? 【难点3】宾语从句和简单句的转换 I dont know what I can/should do next. = I dont know what to do next. He couldnt decide which one he could/should buy. = He couldnt decide which one to buy. Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo? = Could you tell me _? 结论：1. 当主句的_与从句的_一致时，且主句的谓语动词是know, decide, learn等时，此复合句可转换成简单句，即从句部分改为“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构。2. 当主句谓语是ask, tell, show, teach等_动词时，且主句的_和从句的_一致时，此复合句可转换成简单句，即从句部分改为“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构。 （二）状语从句含义：在主从复合句中充当状语的句子。 The bus had left when we arrived at the station. 分类：时间状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句 目的状语从句，比较状语从句 各类状语从句连词：状语从句连词(从属连词)时间状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句原因状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句比较状语从句【难点1】when, while, as的区别when：指时间点或时间段；前后动作可_发生或_发生 while：只表一段时间；前后动作_发生，while后加_动词(或表状态) as：前后动作并行发生，“一边一边”；“随着” Give this bike to Mary _ she es next week. Return the book to Lily _ you have finished reading it. I was doing my homework _ my mother came in. You must be quiet _ Kate is doing her homework. _ Tom was watching TV, his parents were taking a walk. She did sports _ she listened to music. 【难点2】because, for, since, as的区别 1) because “_” (从属连词) 指直接原因，语气最强。 I did that because she told me to. 2) since “_”(从属连词)表示人们已知的事实，语气比because弱。 Since you cant answer the question, you can ask someone else for help. 3) as “_” (从属连词) 表示不言而喻、显而易见的原因；语气比since弱。 As it is raining, youd better take a taxi. 4) for “_”(_连词)不表直接原因，表附加或推断的理由，for引导的是并列句。 It rained last night, for the ground is wet now. 【难点3】“主将/祈/情从现”现象 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，当主句是_或_或_的句子时，从句要用_代替将来。 Dont point at others with your chopsticks when you _ (eat). The boy is very careful when he _ (cross) the road. You can realize your dream as long as you _ (not) give up. Whatever you _ (do), wherever you _ (go), I will be here waiting for you. 注意：主将从现只是一种语法现象，只有“主将”，才有“从现”。时间、条件、让步状语从句还可以使用其他的很多时态。 （三）定语从句 含义：在主从复合句中充当定语的句子。 A doctor is a person who looks after peoples health. 结构： 先行词(指人/指物)关系词关系词在定语从句中的成分【难点1】定语从句中关系词只能用that的情况 1) 当先行词是_时，如：all, none, something, everything, anything, nothing, the one等，关系词用that Is this school the one that you graduated from? Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 2) 当先行词被the only, the very(恰恰，正好), the same, little, few, no, any等修饰时，关系词用that This is the very bus _ I am waiting for. 3) 当先行词既有_又有_时 I never forget the school and the people that I visited in Shanghai. 4) 当先行词被_或_修饰时 This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen. 5) who或which引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复，只能用that Who is the girl _ is crying sadly? 【难点2】当先行词是时间/地点时，用关系副词when/where，还是关系代词which/that? 1) I will never forget the days _ we spent together. 2) I will never forget the days _ I was in primary school. 3) This is the school _ I often pay a visit to. 4) This is the school _ that teacher once worked. 【精讲精练】一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句，并分析成分1. He often drew pictures on the floor with chalk and when his mother saw what he had done, she would quickly clean them with a mop. 2. He searched out the farmer whom the king had spoken to and asked him the answer to the riddle. 3. Some scientists wonder what would happen if the heat from the puter could be used. 二、填空题A: 根据汉语提示及句意完成句子 1.2.3.4. My sister is too young to go to school, _? 5. Nancy, sweep the classroom, _? 6. I dont think she will agree with me, _? 7. You had better stay at home, _? 8. Mr. Lis never been to Canada, has he? _, _. He went there on business last week. B: 根据句意，用适当的连词或关系词或连接词填空 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9. Work hard, _ youll pass the test easily. 10. This is the best book _ I have ever read. 11. _ it rains heavily, no one is late for the class. 12. You wont catch the bus _ you leave immediately. 13. The population of China is larger _ that of America. 14. He wonders _ his English teacher can e today. 15. 不但所有的学生而且他们的英语老师都已读了这本故事书。 _ _ all the pupils _ _ their English teacher _ _ the storybook. 三、单项选择 ( )1.( )2.( )3.( )4.( )5.( )6.( )7.( )8.( )9.( )10.( )11.( )12.( )13.( )14.( )15.( )16. _ is it from the New Town to the old city center? Less than 30 minutes by underground. A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How far ( )17. David, _, or you will get heavier. A. doesnt play sports any more B. doesnt eat so much meat C. dont play sports any more D. dont eat so much meat ( )18. Listen! Someone is playing the piano. Wow! _ beautiful music! I like it very much. A. What B. How a C. What a D. How ( )19. The war was over about three months ago, _ the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with. A. or B. and C. but D. so ( )20. Dad, please tell me when Mum _. I miss her very much. She will return when she _ her task. And she will bring a nice present for you. A. returns; finishesB. returns; will finish C. will return; finishesD. will return; will finish ( )21. The environment will be worse and worse _ we take steps to protect it right away. A. unlessB. althoughC. whileD. but ( )22. _ she was tired, _ she didnt stop to have a rest. A. /; soB. Although; / C. Although; butD. Because; so ( )23. I still remember the college and the teachers _ I visited in London years ago. A. what B. who C. that D. which ( )24. Franklin told them all _ to be in Britain again. A. how happy was he B. how happy he was C. how was he happy D. how he was happy ( )25. Tell me _. Well, it is like A. what is wrong with it B. what is it C. what is it like D. what the matter is with it 【参考答案】 【知识点睛】 一、句子分类 按功能分：陈述句；疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句)； 祈使句；感叹句 按结构分：简单句；并列句；复合句(名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句) 二、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句 （二）疑问句 2. 特殊疑问句 yes/no 3. 选择疑问句 yes/no 4. 反意疑问句 (2) 前肯后否；前否后肯 【翻译】Lucy never gets up early, does she? No, she doesnt. / Yes, she does. （三）祈使句 动词原形；you；please （四）感叹句 What + (a/an) + adj. + n.+ (subject + v.)! How + adj./adv. + (subject + v.)! 【填空】How；What；What a；What 三、简单句、并列句、复合句 （三）连词 并列连词：简单句；并列句顺承、并列关系(and, bothand, as well as, not only but also)，转折关系(but)，选择关系(or, eitheror, neithernor)， 因果关系(so, for) 从属连词：复合句（引导名词性从句的从属连词，引导状语从句的从属连词，引导定语从句的从属连词） 四、三大从句 （一）宾语从句 三要素：连接词、语序、时态 连接词：that；whether/if；what/when/where/which/who/how 语序：陈述 时态：主现从任；主过从过；客观事实/真理用一现，is 【难点1】只用连接词whether的情况 whether；whether；whether 结论：前有介词狼，后有不定虎，后有or not，用whether。 【难点2】特殊疑问句本身语序为陈述语序的句子 前四个特殊疑问句都是陈述语序，不用变；最后一个特殊疑问句放在宾语的位置 需变成陈述语序when we will meet。 【难点3】宾语从句和简单句的转换 how to get to the zoo；主语；主语；双宾；宾语；主语 （二）状语从句 时间状语从句when, while, as, before, after, until, notuntil, as soon as, since 条件状语从句if, unless, as long as, so long as 让步状语从句although, though, even if, even though, whatever, whenever, wherever 原因状语从句because, since, as 结果状语从句sothat, suchthat 目的状语从句so that, in order that 比较状语从句asas, not so/asas, than 【难点1】when，while，as的区别 同时；先后；同时；延续性；when；when；when；while；while；as 【难点2】because, for, since, as的区别 1）因为2）既然，因为3）由于、鉴于4）因为、由于；并列 【难点3】“主将从现”现象 一般将来时；祈使句；含情态动词；一般现在时；eat；crosses；dont；do；go （三）定语从句 人；who；主语、宾语、表语 人；whom；宾语 物；which；主语、宾语、表语 人/物；that；主语、宾语、表语 人/物；whose；定语 原因(n.)；why；状语 地点(n.)；where；状语 时间(n.)；when；状语 【难点1】定语从句中关系词只能用that的情况 1）不定代词2）that3）人；物4）最高级；序数词5）that 【难点2】当先行词是时间/地点时，用关系副词when/where，还是关系代词which/that? 1）which/that 2）when 3）which/that 4）where 【精讲精练】 一、1. 并列句（由简单句+and+复合句构成） 简单句：主语：he 谓语：drew 宾语：pictures 状语：often，on the floor，with chalk 复合句：主句：she would quickly clean them with a mop （主语：she (复合)谓语：would clean 宾语：them 状语：quickly，with a mop） 时间状语从句：when his mother saw what he had done （主语：his mother 谓语：saw 宾语：what he had done） 2. 简单句（由并列谓语构成该句的两个部分，第一部分有定语从句修饰） 主句：He searched out the farmer and asked him the answer to the riddle. （主语：he 谓语：search out，asked 宾语：the farmer，him (直接宾语)， the answer to the riddle (间接宾语)） 定语从句：whom the king had spoken to （主语：the king 谓语：had spoken to 宾语：whom） 3. 复合句 主句：Some students wonder （主语：some students 谓语：wonder） 宾语从句：what would happen if the heat from the puter could be used. (复合句) 主句：what would happen （主语：what (复合)谓语：would happen） 条件状语从句：if the heat from the puter could be used （主语：the heat (复合)谓语：could be used 定语：from the puter） 二、4. is she 5. wont you/will you 6. will she 7. hadnt you 8. Yes；he has 9. and 10. that 11. Though/Although 12. unless 13. than 14. whether/if15. Not only；but also；has read 三、1620：DDACC 2125：ABCBA