2019-2020年九年级英语上册 Module 2 Great books近义词辨析 外研版.doc

2019-2020年九年级英语上册 Module 2 Great books近义词辨析 外研版view (n.)-“景色”。普遍用语。指目中所望见的景色。scenery (n.)-“景色”,“外景”。指一个地方乃至一个国家的整个外景或外貌。scene (n.)-“景色”。可与view通用，但多包括了其中的人及其活动。sight (n.)-“光景”。多指人工的事物，比如大建筑史迹等有名的处所。例: There is a fine view of the mountain from our hotel 从我们旅馆的窗口可以看到秀丽的山景。 It was our first view of the ocean. 这是我们第一次看见海洋。 The scenery of this country is unparalleled. 这个国家的风景无与伦比。 The train moved slowly south through flat, drab mainline scenery. 火车穿过干线两侧风景单调乏味的地区，缓缓地向南驶去。 The boats in the harbour make a beautiful scene. 港中的船只构成美丽的景色。 The scene of sunset was very beautiful. 日落的景色是非常美的。 We will go and see the sights of New York. 我们要去看看纽约的名胜。 The Imperial Palace is one of the sights of China. 故宫是中国名胜之一。 sight指“景色”是可数名词时，往往指眼见的景色，如供人游览的“景”和“名胜”，但尤指人工制成的景。One of the beautiful sights is the castle.那城堡是美景中的一个。scenery是个不可数名词，含不管是否映入眼帘的风景。The road passes through the most charming scenery.这条大路穿过极为迷人的风景区。 view和scene所表达的景色都是scenery中的一部分，往往指自然景色。如：Do you enjoy the ten famous views of the West Lake?你喜欢西湖十景吗？There is a lovely view from this window .从这个窗子可以看到一片秀丽的景色。There is a happy scene of children playing in the garden.孩子们在花园里玩耍，好一派欢乐的景象。 另外，scene还可指舞台的场景。 “死”法大不同die v. 死，去世，为短暂性动词，不能与延续性时间连用，表延续性用be dead，如：She has been dead for 3 years.她去世三年了。She died three years ago. 她三年前去世。dead adj. 如：The poor man is dead.这个可怜的人死了。death n. 死（亡），如：Her death is remembered by us forever.他的过世永远铭刻在我们的心中。dying为die的现在分词，也可作形容词，表“垂死的，濒于死亡边缘的，枯萎的”之意，如：She is dying.她快要死了。die of表示“死于（某种疾病、意外等），如：He die of hunger before liberation.解放前他死于饥饿。surprise、surprised、surprising的区别surprise既可用作动词，也可用作名词。作动词用时意为“使（某人）惊奇或吃惊”。作名词用时意为“惊奇、吃惊”。如： The bad news didnt surprise them这个坏消息没使他们吃惊。 in surprise（惊奇地）和to ones surprise（使某人感到吃惊的是）都是含有名词surprise的两个短语。如： His brows went up in surprise.他惊讶地竖起眉毛。 To my surprise，the dog is still alive使我吃惊的是，那条狗还活着。 surprised和surprising都是从动词surprise变来的两个形容词，但其用法区别在于：surprised有被动意味，表示“对感到惊奇”，主语习惯上是人，且其后多接介词at；surprising有主动意味，指“使人惊奇的”，作表语时主语习惯上是事。试比较： I was surprised at his answer我对他的回答感到吃惊。 Your success is surprising你们的成功使人吃惊。decide的用法decide disaid vt. vi. 决定，决心；名词形式为decision。其基本用法如下：1)跟名词或代词：It is the people who decide the fate of mankind.决定人类命运的是人民。The question will be decided by themselves.问题将由他们自己决定。2)跟不定式：He decided to give a one-man show. 他决定唱一段独角戏。We havent decided when to start. 我们还没决定何时动身。3)跟从句：Lets first decide where we should go.(=Lets first decide where to go.)我们先决定一下到什么地方去。It is not decided whether we will go there.还没有决定我们是不是去那儿。4)跟介词短语(跟on或upon，表充“就某事做出决定”)：Dont decide on important matters too quickly.重要的事情不要匆忙做出决定。alive, living, live, lively, lovely区别1)lovely意可爱的,美好的如:a lovely day , a lovely girl 可爱的女孩2)alive 意为活着的,有活力的,是表语形容词,可修饰人,物;在句中做表语宾补和或后置定词,不能用作前置定语.如He was alive when he was taken to the hospital.他被送往医院时还活着.Although he is old, he is still very much alive.虽然年老了,但他仍十分活跃.The fish is still alive/living.那条鱼还活着.Keep him alive, please.请让他活下去吧.He is the only man alive in the accident.他是事故中惟一活着的人.After the war , he remained alive .战后他还活着.Those alive will gather here. 活着的人将在此相聚.3)living 意为活着的,有生命的,主要用于作前置定语及冠词the 之后表示一类人,也可用作表语,可修饰人或物.如:a living plant 活的植物The living will go on with the work of the dead.活着的人将继续死者的工作.all living things所有生物 the living 在世者,活着的人们Latin is not a living language. 拉丁语不是现代使用的语言.He is still living at the age of 95.95岁了他还活着.4)live laiv(1)(动,植物)活的,有生命的,活生生的,主要用来说鸟或其它动物,作前置定语;如:a live fish一条活鱼 a live tiger 一只活老虎(2)实况的,现场直播的;如:a live report现场报道a live show/broadcast/TV program现场转播的表演/实况广播/现场直播的电视节目living有精神的,活泼的,快活的,轻快的Her grandfather is still living at the age of 93.她爷爷已经93岁了,仍然健在.5)lively 意为活泼的,有生气的, 生动的 生动的,可用作表语,定语,指人或物.如:a lively child 活泼的孩子a lively description 生动的描述如:a lively mind 活跃的头脑 a lively discussion 热烈的讨论a way of making ones classes lively 使课堂生动的方法He told a lively story about his life in Africa.他讲述了一个有关他的非洲生活的一个生动故事.Young children are usually lively.年轻人通常很活泼.“也”字四加一在初中英语中有四个副词too, either, also, so和一个词组as well，它们都可以用来表示“也”的意思。看一看他们的分工吧！1. too：具有肯定意义，当相邻的两个肯定句所叙述的事实相同时，后句末尾常用too表示“(后者)也”。如：Jim likes red. I like red, too.吉姆喜欢红色，我也喜欢。You may have a try， too.你也可以试一试。2. either：在否定句中，常用either表示“(后者)也(不)”。如：If he doesnt go, I wont either.如果他不去，我也不去。It wont do them any good, but it wont do them any harm either.这对他们没什么好处，但也没有什么害处。3. also：含较庄重色彩，通常用于主要动词之前，但若主要动词是be，则置于其后。如：They also agree with me.他们也同意我的意见。I was also there.我也在那儿。4. as well：常用于句末，意为“也；还”。如：He speaks English, and he knows French as well.他说英语，也懂法语。5. so：用于代替上文中的形容词、名词或动词，当一句话说完之后，接着一句用倒装结构，表示“(后者)也”。如：Mary is very happy and so is everyone else in her birthday party. 在玛莉的生日宴会上，她非常高兴，其他人也非常愉快。suggest的用法动词suggest有如下一些用法:一、有建议的意思.advise，propose也有此义,请比较它们用法的异同:1)都可接名词作宾语Shesuggested/advised/proposedanearlystart.她建议早一点出发.Wesuggested/advised/proposedavisittothemuseumthenextday.我们建议明天去参观博物馆.2)都可接动名词作宾语Isuggested/advised/proposedputtingoffthesportsmeet.我建议将运动会延期.Theysuggested/advised/proposedwaitinguntilthepropertime.他们建议(我们)等到恰当的时机才行动.3)都可接that宾语从句,that从句用should+动词原形,should可以省略.Shesuggested/advised/proposedthattheclassmeeting(should)notbeheldonSaturday.她建议班会不要在星期六举行.Wesuggested/advised/proposedthathe(should)goandmakeanapologytohisteacher.我们建议他去向老师道歉.4)advise可接动词不定式复合宾语,propose可接不定式作宾语.Iadvisedhimtogiveupthefoolishidea.=Isuggested/proposedhis/himgivingupthefoolishidea.我建议他放弃那愚蠢的念头.(suggest和propose在口语里可接动名词的复合宾语).Weproposedtostartearly.=Weproposedstartingearly.我们建议早一点出发.(接不定式不用suggest和advise)二、有提出的意思.如:Hesuggestedadifferentplantohisboss.他向老板提出了一个不同的计划.XiaoWangsuggestedawaytosolvetheproblem.小王提出了一个解决这个问题的办法.三、有暗示、表明的意思.其主语往往是事物,而不是人.1)接名词或动名词作宾语.Thesimplehousesuggestedamodestine.这座简朴的房子表明(房主的)收入并不高.Herpalefacesuggestedbadhealth.她脸色苍白,看来身体不好.Thethoughtofsummersuggestsswimming.一想到夏天就使人们联想到游泳.2)接宾语从句,从句用陈述语气.如:Thedecisionsuggestedthathemightbringhisfamily.这个决定表明他可以把家属带来.Theexpressiononhisfacesuggestedthathewasveryangry.他脸上的表情表明他很生气.四、在主语从句Itissuggestedthat.及名词suggestion后面表示具体建议的表语从句、同位语从句都应用should+动词原形,should可以省略.如:Itwassuggestedthatwe(should)giveaperformanceattheparty.人们建议我们在晚会上表演节目.Hissuggestionwasthatthedebts(should)bepaidofffirst.他的建议是先把债务还清.Thedoctorsmadeasuggestionthatthenewhospital(should)notbesetuponthehill.医生们建议不要把新医院建在山上. prefer用法1.prefer+名词Would you like meat or fish?Id prefer meat，please。2prefer+动名词Do you prefer cooling for yourself or eating in a restaurant?自己做饭还是喜欢下馆子？Do you like swimming?你喜欢游泳吗？Yes, but I prefer sailing.喜欢，但我更喜欢驾驶帆船。3prefer+不定式Do you prefer to cook for yourself, or to eat in a restaurant?I prefer to spend the weekend at home.我喜欢在家里度周末。I would prefer to stay at home tonight.She prefers to be alone.4prefer sb. to do sth.Their father prefers them to be home early. 他们的父亲宁愿他们早点回家。 I thought you would prefer me not to knock.5.prefer A to B 在本句型中，A与B是平行结构，可以是名词，也可以都是动名词。例如： I prefer dogs to cats.在狗与猫之间我更喜欢狗。 Most people prefer trains to buses. 大多数人愿意坐火车而不愿坐汽车。 I prefer writing a term paper to taking an examination. 我宁愿写一篇学期论文也不愿参加考试。 I prefer staying at home to going out. 我觉得在家里比出去好。Thousands of children nowadays prefer doing their homework to a background of pop-music to doing it in a quiet room.成千上万的孩子如今一边听流行音乐一边做作业，也不愿在安安静静的房间里做。She has always preferred marking her own clothes rather than buying them in the shops.她向来喜欢自己做衣服，而不到商店里去买衣服.6prefer+不定式+rather than+不定式1)本句型中，第一个不定式前面要加to，第二个不定式前面以不加to居多。例如：He prefer to die rather than bee traitor.她宁死也不做叛徒。Older people often fear change. They know what they can do best. They prefer to repeat their successes rather than risk failure.年纪大的人常常怕变化。他们知道什么最拿手，宁愿把自己成功的经验在如法炮制而不愿冒失败的危险。She preferred to sew rather than to knit.她喜欢缝纫而不喜欢编织。2)rather than 也可以至于句首：Rather than buy a car of his own, he prefers to rent one.3）than后也可用动名词：I prefer to stay at home rather than go/going to see a film. 我觉得与其去看电影倒不如呆在家里。I would prefer to spend the weekend at home rather than drive/driving all the way to your mothers. 我觉得与其开车跑那么远的路到你母亲那里度周末，到不如在家里过更好些。4） prefer rather than 中的rather也可以移到第一个不定式之前（prefer ratherthan），这种用法多见于书面语。例如：He preferred rather to take the whole blame himself than to allow it to fall on the innocent. 她宁可自己承担全部责任而不愿让无辜的人受到连累。5） prefer to do A rather than do B 意义相同，试比较：Joe prefers skating to skiing.Joe prefer to skate rather than ski.Bill preferred playing soccer to swimming.Bill preferred to play soccer rather than swim.He preferred rating a car to having one of his own.He prefers to rent a car rather than to have one of his own.他宁愿租车也不愿买车。6） 用preferrather than代替preferto连接名词的形式偶尔也可见到。如：Mr. Brunner prefers chemistry rather than physics.有人认为两者的区别是：preferto表示一般的倾向，preferrather than则表示在某种具体场合的选择。如: What shall we have to drink, port or sherry? 我们喝什么呢？I should prefer port rather than sherry. 我宁愿喝葡萄酒而不喝雪利酒。7） prefer + that从句Would you prefer that I e on Monday instead of on Tuesday?你宁愿让星期一来而不是星期二来吗I prefer that someone else should do this. 我觉得还是让别人来做这件事比较好。spend、cost、pay、take的区别A、spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：(1)spendtimemoneyonsth.在上花费时间（金钱）。例：Ispenttwohoursonthismathsproblem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。(2)spendtimemoney(in)doingsth.花费时间（金钱）做某事。例：Theyspenttwoyears(in)buildingthisbridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。(3)spendmoneyforsth.花钱买。例：Hismoneywasspentforbooks.他的钱用来买书了。B、cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法如下：(1)sth.costs(sb.)金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱。例：Anewputercostsalotofmoney.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。(2)(doing)sth.costs(sb.)时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。例：Rememberingthesenewwordscosthimalotoftime.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。C、take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：(1)Ittakessb.时间todosth.做某事花了某人多少时间。例：Ittookthemthreeyearstobuildthisroad.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。(2)doingsth.takessb.时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例：Repairingthiscartookhimthewholeafternoon.他花了一下午修车。D、pay的基本用法是：(1)pay(sb.)moneyforsth.付钱（给某人）买。例：Ihavetopaythem20poundsforthisroomeachmonth.我每个月要付20英磅的房租。(2)payforsth.付的钱。例：Ihavetopayforthebooklost.我不得不赔丢失的书款。(3)payforsb.替某人付钱。例：Dontworry! Illpayforyou.别担心，我会给你付钱的。(4)paysb.付钱给某人。例:Theypayuseverymonth.他们每月给我们报酬。(5)paymoneyback还钱。例：MayIborrow12yuanfromyou?Illpayitbacknextweek.你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。（6）payoffonesmoney还清钱。pleasant，pleased，pleasure的用法这组词都含有“满意、高兴”之意，但词性和用法各异。 1、pleasant意为“令人愉快的、满意的、舒适的、文雅的、和蔼的”，是个常用且含义广泛的形容词，一般作定语，当主语是物时，也可作表语。如： It is very pleasant to sit down after standing for hours站了几小时后坐下来很舒服。 2、pleased表示“自己感到高兴的、欣喜的、满意的”，作形容词用，指以任何方式表现出来或未表现出来的满足与快乐，一般作表语，常与不定式、介词短语或从句连用，说明原因，其主语必是人。如： The two friends were very pleased to see each other again这两个朋友非常高兴再次见面。 I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me使我高兴的是经理决定不再生我的气了。3、pleasure作“高兴、快乐、娱乐”解时，是不可数名词；表示“乐趣、高兴的事”时是可数名词。在口语中，常用作回答感谢的客套语。如： Its a pleasure to meet you很高兴见到你。 Thank you for your help感谢你的帮助。 Its a pleasure不用谢。agree 用法扫描agree是一个使用范围很广的单词，意为“同意；赞同”。它有很多相关词组，现在把其主要用法归纳如下： 1. agree (to sth.) 意为“同意；愿意；答应(某事物)”。如：Is he going to agree to our suggestion? 他会同意我们的建议吗？ 2. agree with sb. 意为“适合(某人的健康或胃口)”，尤用于否定句或疑问句中。如：The climate there doesnt agree with him. 那里的气候对他不合适。 3. agree (with sb.) (about / on sth.) 意为“同意；(与某人)意见一致”。如：We couldnt agree on a date/ when to meet. 关于日期(什么时候见面)，我们没有能取得一致意见。 4. agree sth. 意为“在某事物上取得一致意见；商定”。如：Can we agree a price? 我们能不能商定一个价格？ 5. agree (with sth.) 意为“与(某事物)相一致；相符合；相吻合”。如：Your thoughts didnt agree with mine. 你的想法和我的想法不一致。 6. be agreed(on /about sth.)意为“达成协议；意见一致”。如：We are all agreed on the best action. 我们都同意这一最佳措施。 7. agree后面还可以接宾语从句，即be agreed that .如：It was agreed that another meeting was necessary. 大家都认为有必要再开一次会。