2019年高考英语二轮专题卷阅读理解（8）.doc

2019年高考英语二轮专题卷阅读理解（8）Decisionmaking under StressA new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative(负面的) consequences of a decision.The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“Stress affects how people learn，” says Professor Mara Mather.“People learn better about positive than negative outes under stress.”For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像)with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stressat those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities es to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.The research also found that stress appears to affect decisionmaking differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.Men who had been stressed by the coldwater task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risktaking can pay off big, men may tend to do better; when caution weighs more, however, women will win.This tendency to slow down and bee more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to bee addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.64We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to _.Akeep rewards better in their memoryBrecall consequences more effortlesslyCmake risky decisions more frequentlyDlearn a subject more effectively65According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their _.Aways of making choicesBpreference for pleasureCtolerance of punishmentsDresponses to suggestions66The research has proved that in a stressful situation, _.Awomen find it easier to fall into certain habitsBmen have a greater tendency to slow downCwomen focus more on outesDmen are more likely to take risksBA（xx四川卷）31. What you have just read is a _. A. note B. report C. schedule D. poster32. What is going to take place on 2 February, xx? A. A big event to wele a Chinese new year. B. A social gathering to raise money for wildlife. C. A party for close friends to meet and have fun. D. A meeting of Kwun Tong High School students.33. How much do you have to pay in total if four of you go together? A. $20. B. $40. C. $60. D. $80.34. Which of the following statements is true? A. Tickets are sold in Kwun Tong High School. B. Its unnecessary to take soft drinks with you. C. Free digital cameras are provided for everybody. D. Festival food will be served without extra charge.COne day, Jack threw some papers on my desk. “Whats wrong?” I asked. “Next time you want to change anything, ask me first,” he said, and left. I had made just one small change. But its not that I hadnt been warned. My colleagues had said he was responsible for the resignations of the two previous secretaries. As the weeks went by, I came to look down on Jack.After another of his episodes had left me in tears I stormed into his office. “what?” he said suddenly. “Jack, the way youve been treating me is wrong. Ive never had anyone speak to me that way. As a professional, its wrong for me to allow it to continue,” I said. Jack smiled nervously, “Susan, I make you a promise that I will be a friend. I will treat you as you deserve to be treated, with respect and kindness.” Jack avoided me the rest of the week, and never questioned my work again. I brought cookies to the office one day and left some on his desk. Another day I left a note: ”Hope your day is going great. ” Over the next few weeks, there were no more Jack episodes. One year later I discovered I had breast cancer, and was scared. The statistics were not great for my long-term survival.One day, however, Jack visited me in the hospital and silently handed me a bundle with several bulbs inside. “Tulips(郁金香),” he said. I smiled, not understanding. “If you plant them when you get home, theyll e up next spring. I think you will be there to see them when they e up. Next spring you will see the colours I picked out for you.” Tears clouded my eyes and he left. I have seen those red and white striped（有条纹的） tulips push through the soil every spring for over ten years now. This past September the doctor declared me cured. At a moment when I was praying for just the right word, a man with very few words said all the right things. After all, thats what friends do.31. Jack became angry that day because_.A. he was feeling unwellB. Susan had failed to keep his office cleanC. he felt Susan changed too much about the papersD. Susan had changed something without his permission32. Susan stormed into jacks office to tell Jack that_.A. he wasnt worthy of respectB. he should apologize to her right away C. she would treat him the way he treated herD. one should show others respect and kindness33. Which of the following describes Susan?A. Moody but firm.B. Shy and demandingC. Confident and friendly.D. Tough and troublesome.A. Jack cares about his employees34. From the passage, we can conclude that_.B. Jack gets along well with his employeesC. Jack is always particular about his workD. Jack doesnt care about the feelings of others35. We can infer from the passage that_.A. a friend in need is a friend in deedB. a few words can be as meaningful as manyC. a friend who says little must be a good friendD. we must treat disrespectful people with disrespectD D. My family and I lived across the street from Southway Park since I was four years old. Then just last year they city put a chain link fence around the park and started bulldozing (用推土机推平) the trees and grass to make way for a new apartment plex. When I saw the fence and bulldozers, I asked myself, “Why dont they just leave it alone?”Looking back, I think what sentenced the part to oblivion (别遗忘) was the drought (旱灾) we had about four years ago. Up until then, Southway Park was a nice green park with plenty of trees and a public swimming pool. My friends and I rollerskated on the sidewalks, climbed the tress, and swam in the pool all the years I was growing up. The park was almost like my own yard. Then the summer I was fifteen the drought came and things changed. There had been almost no rain at all that year. The city stopped watering the park grass. Within a few weeks I found myself living across the street from a huge brown desert. Leaves fell off the park tress, and pretty soon the trees started dying, too. Next, the park swimming pool was closed. The city cut down on the work force that kept the park, and pretty soon it just got too ugly and dirty to enjoy anymore. As the drought lasted into the fall, the park got worse every month. The rubbish piled up or blew across the brown grass. Soon the only people in the park were beggars and other people down on their luck. People said drugs were being sold or traded there now. The park had gotten scary, and my mother told us kids not to go there anymore. The drought finally ended and things seemed to get back to normal, that is, everything but the park. It had gotten into such bad shape that the city just let it stay that way. Then about six months ago I heard that the city was going to “redevelop” certain worn-out areas of the city. It turned out that the city had planned to get rid of the park, sell the land and let someone build rows of apartment buildings on it. The chain-link fencing and the bulldozers did their work. Now we live across the street from six rows of apartment buildings. Each of them is three units high and stretches a block in each direction. The neighborhood has changed without the park. The streets I used to play in are jammed with cars now. Things will never be the same again. Sometimes I wonder, though, what changes another drought would make in the way things are today. 53. How did the writer feel when he saw the fence and bulldozers? A. Scared. B. Confused. C. Upset. D. Curious. 54. Why was the writer told not to go to the park by his mother? A. It was being rebuilt. B. It was dangerous. C. It because crowded. D. It had turned into a desert. 55. According to the writer, what eventually brought about the disappearance of the park? A. The drought. B. The crime. C. The beggars and the rubbish. D. The decisions of the city. 56. The last sentence of the passage implies that if another drought came, _. A. the situation would be much worse B. people would have to desert their homes C. the city would be fully prepared in advance D. the city would have to redevelop the neighborhoodA【要点综述】本文主要讲述的是压力对人做出决定的影响以及男女在面对压力时决定方式的不同。64. A细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.”可知A为正确答案。65. A推理判断题。根据文章标题和实验内容，可知作者要说明的是“The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.”(第二段)。所以选A。66. D细节理解题。根据文章第七段“Men who had been stressed by the coldwater task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way.”可知D为正确选项。B 31.【答案】D32.【答案】A33.【答案】C34.【答案】BC 【文章大意】本文主要为我们讲述了作者和Jack之间由开始的冲突不断，到后来作者患癌后Jack 对她的鼓励，才发现Jack 是一个真正的朋友。31【答案】D【 解析】根据文章中“Next time you want to change anything, ask me first,” he said, and left. I had made just one small change.可知答案为D。32【答案】D【 解析】Susan 冲到Jack 的办公室是觉得Jack对她太没有礼貌，不尊重她。33【答案】C【 解析】A.易怒但倔强；B.害羞且苛求C.自信，友好D.坚韧，爱惹麻烦。根据文意可知答案为C。34【答案】A【 解析】结合全文可知Jack 其实是一个关心同事的人。这一点可以从作者生病后Jack 的表现看出。35【答案】B【 解析】根据文章中最后一句a man with very few words said all the right things. After all, thats what friends do.可知答案为B。D 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。53答案：C考点：解析：推理判断题。根据第一段叙述了解到作者从四岁开始住在Southway Park对面。从第二段了解到作者小时候和朋友在公园里玩耍。而现在公园被围了起来，事实上，作者是很失望、沮丧，自己不能去玩了，而且树都被砍掉了。54答案：B考点：解析：推理判断题。仔细阅读第四段，可以了解到，公园被废弃了，里面住着流浪汉，甚至有人贩毒，所以母亲叮嘱我们不要去那里，因为危险。55答案：D考点：解析：推理判断题。从第五段，可以明显的了解到：干旱结束了，但是政府仍然对公园不管不问，而是要重新规划这块废弃地，在作者眼中是“the city had planned to get rid of the park”。故选择D。56答案：A考点：解析：推理判断题。最后一段作者描述了目前自己居住的街道的变化，变得更加拥挤了。从而作者有了另一种思考：如果再来一次干旱，是否会造成如这次干旱一样的一些变化。从而可推测作者是隐射，环境会变的更加糟糕。