托福事实信息否定题.ppt

托福事实信息否定题,CindyDa,类型分类,在否定事实信息题中，正确选项的呈现方式主要有三种类型：单句型(即各选项内容存在于原文一句话内)逻辑型(各选项内容以一定的逻辑形式分层次呈现)篇章型(各选项内容全段都有涉及),破题方法-排除法-王道,单句型否定事实信息题,Paragraph3:ThebasicculturalrequirementsforthesuccessfulcolonizationofthePacificislandsincludetheappropriateboat-building,sailing,andnavigationskillstogettotheislandsinthefirstplace,domesticatedplantsandgardeningskillssuitedtooftenmarginalconditions,andavariedinventoryoffishingimplementsandtechniques.ItisnowgenerallybelievedthattheseprerequisitesoriginatedwithpeoplesspeakingAustronesianlanguages(agroupofseveralhundredrelatedlanguages)andbegantoemergeinSoutheastAsiabyabout5000B.C.E.Thecultureofthattime,basedonarchaeologyandlinguisticreconstruction,isassumedtohavehadabroadinventoryofcultivatedplantsincludingtaro,yarns,banana,sugarcane,breadfruit,coconut,sago,andrice.Justasimportant,theculturealsopossessedthebasicfoundationforaneffectivemaritimeadaptation,includingoutriggercanoesandavarietyoffishingtechniquesthatcouldbeeffectiveforoverseasvoyaging.Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagraph3asrequiredforsuccessfulcolonizationofthePacificislandsEXCEPTA.knowledgeofvariousAustronesianlanguagesB.avarietyoffishingtechniquesC.navigationalskillsD.knowledgeofplantcultivation,解析：本题题干信息句为：ThebasicculturalrequirementsforthesuccessfulcolonizationofthePacificislandsincludetheappropriateboat-building,sailing,andnavigationskillstogettotheislandsinthefirstplace,domesticatedplantsandgardeningskillssuitedtooftenmarginalconditions,andavariedinventoryoffishingimplementsandtechniques.即题干各个内容存在于原文一句话内，其中avariedinventoryoffishingimplementsandtechniques与选项B对应，因此B正确;navigationskillstogettotheislandsinthefirstplace与选项C对应，因此C正确;domesticatedplantsandgardeningskillssuitedtooftenmarginalconditions与选项D对应，因此D正确;所以，选项A错误。,第二，逻辑型否定事实信息题。,Paragraph5:Thecausesofthispopulationreboundareconsequencesofotherhumanactions.First,themajorpredatorsofdeerwolves,cougar,andlynxhavebeengreatlyreducedinnumbers.Second,conservationhasbeeninsuredbylimitingtimesforandtypesofhunting.Butthemostprofoundreasonfortherestorationofhighpopulationnumbershasbeenthefateoftheforests.Greattractsoflowlandcountrydeforestedbylogging,fire,orbothhavebecomeidealfeedinggroundsofdeer.Inadditiontofindinganincreaseofsuitablebrowse,likehuckleberryandvinemaple,ArthurEinarsen,longtimegamebiologistinthePacificNorthwest,foundqualityofbrowseintheopenareastobesubstantiallymorenutritive.Theproteincontentofshade-grownvegetation,forexample,wasmuchlowerthanthatforplantsgrowninclearings.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinparagraph5asafactorthathasincreaseddeerpopulations?A.AreductioninthenumberofpredatorsB.RestrictionsonhuntingC.TheeffectsofloggingandfireD.Lawsthatprotectedfeedinggroundsofdeer,解析：本否定事实信息题中，各选项内容以逻辑形式呈现，First,themajorpredatorsofdeerwolves,cougar,andlynxhavebeengreatlyreducedinnumbers与选项A对应;Second,conservationhasbeeninsuredbylimitingtimesforandtypesofhunting.与选项B对应;Butthemostprofoundreasonfortherestorationofhighpopulationnumbershasbeenthefateoftheforests.Greattractsoflowlandcountrydeforestedbylogging,fire,orbothhavebecomeidealfeedinggroundsofdeer.与选项C对应;选项D在原文中未提及，因此选项D错误。,第三，篇章型否定事实信息题。,例如：Paragraph4:TheEdiacarafossilformation,whichcontainstheoldestknownanimalfossils,consistsexclusivelyofsoft-bodiedforms.AlthoughnamedafterasiteinAustralia,theEdiacaraformationisworldwideindistributionanddatestoPrecambriantimes.This700-million-year-oldformationgivesfewcluestotheoriginsofmodernanimals,however,becausepaleontologistsbelieveitrepresentsanevolutionaryexperimentthatfailed.Itcontainsnoancestorsofmodernanimalgroups.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinparagraph4asbeingtrueoftheEdiacaraformation?A.ItcontainsfossilsthatdatebacktothePrecambrianperiod.B.Itcontainsonlysoft-bodiedanimalfossils.C.ItislocatedonasinglesiteinAustralia.D.Itdoesnotcontainanyfossilsoftheancestorsofmodernanimals.,解析：本否定事实信息题中，各选项内容在全段都有涉及，因此排除法非常重要。TheEdiacarafossilformation,whichcontainstheoldestknownanimalfossils,consistsexclusivelyofsoft-bodiedforms.与选项B对应;theEdiacaraformationisworldwideindistributionanddatestoPrecambriantimes.与选项A对应;Itcontainsnoancestorsofmodernanimalgroups与选项D对应;选项C错误。,不能看到原文中出现了原词就认定答案是正确的，要甄别清楚哟！,Unfortunately,thepaintingshavebeenexposedtotheconstructiveactionofwaterandtemperaturechanges,whicheasilyweartheimagesaway.BecausetheLascauxcaveshavemanyentrances,airmovementhasalsodamagedtheimagesinside.Althoughtheyarenotoutintheopenair,wherenaturallightwouldhavedestroyedthemlongago,manyoftheimageshavedeteriorated.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowinghavecauseddamagetothepaintingsEXCEPT?A.temperaturechangesB.airmovementC.waterD.light,