2019-2020年七年级英语Module2 Section 1 Background Readings教案 外研社.doc

2019-2020年七年级英语Module2 Section 1 Background Readings教案 外研社1.英语指示代词指示代词有 this，that，these，those等，指示代词是专门用来指出或表示人或物的一类词。 1） 指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如： 单数复数 限定词：This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers. 代词：This is Mary. Those are my teachers. 2) 指示代词的句法功能； a. 作主语 This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做。 This is a pen这是一支钢笔。 Is that your father？那是你父亲吗？ These are your pencils这些是你的铅笔。 Those arent our teachers那些人不是我们的老师。 注意：指示代词做主语时，指人或物都可以，但是作其他成份时，只指物。 b. 作宾语 I like this better than that. 我喜欢这个甚至那个。 We should always keep this in mind我们应当经常记住这一点。 I will do that我将做那件事。 He bought these in Shanghai他在上海买了这些。 c. 作主语补语 My point is this. 我的观点就是如此。 d. 作介词宾语 I dont say no to that. 我并未拒绝那个。 There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。 e.作表语，例：My idea is this 我的意见是这个。 Oh，its not that 噢，问题不在那儿。 f.作定语，例： I know this boy我认识这个男孩。 Is he really going to marry that girl？ 他真的打算娶那女孩吗？ Who are those people？那些人是谁？ For these reasons， weve decided to put off the meeting 由于这些原因我们已决定推迟会议。 说明1： 指示代词在做主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人，例如： (对)That is my teacher.那是我的老师。（ that做主语，指人） (对)He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词） (错)He is going to marry this.（this作宾语时不能指人） (对)I bought this.我买这个。(this指物，可作宾语) 说明2： That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较： (对) He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。 (对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人） (错) He admired that who danced well.（that作宾语时不能指人） (对) He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人） (对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those指物）2. Chinese 汉语The Chinese language forms part of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. About one-fifth of the people in the world speak some form of Chinese as their native language, making it the language with the most native speakers.3. English 英语 English is a West Germanic language that originates from England and is spoken in the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, and many other countries. English is now the third-most spoken native language worldwide (after Chinese and Hindi), with some 380 million speakers. It has lingua franca status in many parts of the world, due to the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the mid-20th century to the present. Through the global influence of native English speakers in cinema, airlines, broadcasting, science, and the Internet in recent decades, English is now the most widely learned second language in the world. Many students worldwide are required to learn some English, and a working knowledge of English is required in many fields and occupations.4. Japanese 日语Japanese is a language spoken by over 127 million people, mainly in Japan, but also by Japanese emigrant munities around the world. It is considered an agglutinative language and is distinguished by a system of honorifics reflecting the hierarchical nature of Japanese society, with verb forms and particular vocabulary which indicate the relative status of speaker and listener. The sound inventory of Japanese is relatively small, and it has a lexically-distinctive pitch accent system. Though the two languages are pletely unrelated, Japanese has been heavily influenced by Chinese over a period of at least 1,500 years. Japanese is written with a mix of Chinese characters (kanji) and a modified syllabary, kana, also originally based on Chinese characters. Much vocabulary has been imported from Chinese, or created on Chinese models.5. Arabic The Arabic language ( ) is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. It is spoken throughout the Arab world and is widely studied and known throughout the Islamic world. Arabic has been a literary language since at least the 6th century and is the liturgical language of Islam.6. Russian 俄语Russian is the most widely spoken language of Europe and the most widespread of the Slavic languages. Russian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages, and is therefore related to Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin, as well as the modern Germanic, Romance, and Celtic languages, including English, French, and Irish, respectively. Written examples are attested from the 10th century onwards. While it preserves much of its ancient synthetic-inflexional structure and a mon Slavonic word base, modern Russian exhibits a large stock of the international vocabulary for politics, science, and technology. A language of great political importance in the 20th century, Russian is one of the official languages of the United Nations.7.Spanish 西语Spanish or Castilian is an Iberian Romance language, and the fourth most widely spoken language in the world according to some sources, while other sources list it as the 2nd or 3rd most spoken language. It is spoken as a first language by about 352 million people, or by 417 million including non-native speakers (according to xx estimates). Some assert that, after English, Spanish can now be considered the second most important language in the world (probably replacing even French), due to its increased usage in the United States, the high birth rate in most of the countries where it is official, the growing economies of the Spanish-speaking world, its enormous influence on the global music market, and simply due to the broad number of areas on the Earths surface that the language is spoken in.8. Members of the family use descriptive kinship terms Mother: the female parent Father: the male parent Son: the males born of the mother; sired by the father Daughter: the females born of the mother; sired by the father Brother: a male born of the same mother; sired by the same father Sister: a female born of the same mother; sired by the same father Grandfather: a parents father Grandmother: a parents mother Grandson: a childs son Granddaughter: a childs daughter Uncle: fathers brother, fathers sisters husband, mothers brother, mothers sisters husband Aunt: fathers sister, fathers brothers wife, mothers sister, mothers brothers wife Nephew: sisters sons, brothers sons Niece: sisters daughters, brothers daughters Cousin: the most classificatory term; the children of aunts or uncles.