2019-2020年高三普通高考教学质量检测（二）英语试题 含解析.doc

2019-2020年高三普通高考教学质量检测（二）英语试题 含解析I语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从115各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 How can you tell if someones lying? The answer is, theyre probably not. Traditional economics says that people are _1 human beings who will lie if its to their advantage. A recent university study has shown that, actually, were pretty _ 2 -especially when were at home. Researchers in Germany 3 people at home and asked them to toss（投掷） a coin. There was a strong 4 incentive(刺激) to lie about the result: if the coin landed tails-up, the participants would receive money, while if the coin landed heads-up, they would get nothing. Because they were on the phone, they knew there was no 5 _ of getting caught if they lied. And yet people told the 6 . Over hundreds of tosses, a coin will land tails-up about 50% of the time. In this 7 0ver half the people asked (55.6%) said that the coin landed heads-up, which meant they would receive nothing. Previous studies had found that people were more 8 . In those laboratory studies, 75% of people reported a - 9 coin and asked for a reward. So the research team thinks its being in our own homes that makes us play fair, although its not yet clear why. In fact both types of study show people are surprisingly 10 . Even in the laboratory, 25% of people 11 a reward by telling the truth. The researchers say this is because honesty is 12 valued in human society.We care about our 13 and our sense of ourselves as decent(体面的) people. So lying has a psychological 14 and it seems this cost is more important than the financialbenefits of 15 .l.A.poor B.kind C.generous D.reasonable【答案】D【解析】poor贫穷的；kind有好的；generous大方的；reasonable合理的，公道的。人们是讲道理的人如果对他们有利他们将撒谎，故选D。2.A. honest B. strict C. calm D. afraid【答案】A【解析】honest诚实的； strict 严格的； calm平静的； afraid害怕的。最近的研究表明，我们非常诚实的，尤其在家的时候，故选A。3.A.visited B.saw C.phoned D.caught【答案】C【解析】visit参观；see看见；phone打电话；catch抓住。根据Because they were on the phone可知应是打电话，故选C。4. A. mental B. financial C. technical D. educational【答案】B【解析】mental精神上的；financial财政的； technical科技的； educational教育的。根据if the coin landed tails-up, the participants would receive money,有一个财政刺激，故选B。5.A.idea B.need C.evidence D.risk【答案】D【解析】idea主意； need 需要； evidence 证据； risk冒险。因为是在电话。如果他们撒谎了，他们知道也不会冒着被抓住的风险，故选D。6.A.difference B.truth C.story D.secret【答案】B【解析】difference不同； truth 实情； story故事； secret秘密。然而都说了实情，故选B。7.A.case B.interview C.speech D.study【答案】D【解析】case 情况； interview采访； speech 演讲； study学习，研究。根据Previous studies had found that people were more可知在这次调查研究中，故选D。8. A. faithful B. grateful C. disappointed D. dishonest【答案】D【解析】faithful忠实的； grateful感激的； disappointed 失望的； dishonest不诚实的。根Over hundreds of tosses, a coin will land tails-up about 50% of the time. In this 7 0ver half the people asked (55.6%) said that the coin landed heads-up, which meant they would receive nothing.可知以前的研究是不诚实的，故选D。9.A.missing B.losing C.winning D.shining【答案】C【解析】missing失踪的； losing失败的； winning胜利的；shining光亮的。在这次研究中发现75%的人说是赢的那面，故选C。l0.A.reliable B.greedy C.brave D.wealthy【答案】A【解析】reliable可靠的； greedy贪婪的； brave勇敢的；wealthy富有的，充分的。事实上这两种研究表明人们是可以信赖的，故选A。ll.A.received B.refused C.won D.required【答案】B【解析】receive收到； refuse拒绝； win 赢； require要求。25%的人由于讲了实情而赢得了奖金，故选B。12.A.highly B.normally C.formally D.poorly【答案】A【解析】highly 高度地； normally通常地； formally 正式地； poorly不充分地。研究表明在人类社会中诚实是被高度重视的，故选A。13.A.money B.family C.jobs D.reputation【答案】D【解析】money钱； family家庭； jobs 工作； reputation名声。我们在乎我们的名声，故选D。14.A. reason B. effect C. cost D. function【答案】C【解析】reason理由； effect影响； cost费用，损失； function功能。根据it seems this cost is more important than the financialbenefits of 15 ，撒谎有心理的损失或伤害，故选C。15. A. studying B. lying C. phoning D. reporting【答案】B【解析】studying研究； lying 撒谎； phoning打电话； reporting报告。这种精神上的伤害比撒谎带来的一些利益要重要的多，故选B。笫二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卷标号为1625的相应位置上。 Nearly all of us have dreamed about winning the big prize in a lottery（彩票）We dream about 1 6 we would do with the money, but we rarely stop to think about how the money would change us. For most of us, our way of life is closely linked 17 0ur economic circumstances. Thedifferent parts of 1 8 lives fit together like a jigsaw（拼板）-work, home, friends, hobbies, and sports make up our world. 19 sudden fortune would change it all and break the jigsaw. For example, most people like the idea 20 not having to work, but winners have found that without work there is no reason to get up in the morning. It seems great 2 1 (move) to a bigger house in a wealthy area, 22 if you do that, you leave old friends behind. Usually, winners 23 (advise) not to publicize their address and phone number, but begging letters still arrive. 24 they are not careful, most of their money will be spent on the 25 (protect) of their homes and swimming pools and their sanity!II阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A. B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A James Dean was not very tall-he was less than average height. He had thick, light brown hair and blue eyes. He was so near-sighted that he could hardly see anything without his glasses. He came to Hollywood when he was eighteen, hoping to get into the movies. At first, he was not successful at all, and for a time he was so short of money that he had to live entirely on dry oatmeal. Then he went to New York. He got a part in a play and was seen by the great director Elia Kazan. Kazan was planning the movie East of Eden and realized Dean would be perfect for one of the main roles. By this time, Dean already had a reputation for being odd and difficult to work with. He then went back to Hollywood to make East of Eden and then made two more movies, Rebel Withhout a Cause and Giant. He almost always wore the same overcoat and jeans and he had hardly any friends at all. If he didnt like you, he wouldnt even give you the pleasure of his anger. You could be in the same telephone booth with him, but you wouldnt exist, someone who knew him said later. In spite of his poor eyesight, he loved driving fast motorcycles and even faster sports cars. A few days after he finished Giant, on September 25, 1955, Dean went for a drive in his new Porsche. It was evening and the light was poor. Dean was not wearing his glasses. Suddenly, he saw a car in front of him. It was slowing down and trying to turn off the highway. Dean tried to slow down too, but it was too late. He hit the car at high speed and was killed immediately. Two German girls killed themselves when they heard the news because life would beunbearable without him. A few years later, a New York salesclerk wrote a book called Jimmy Dean Returns in which she claimed that she was in contact with Dean from the other side of the grave. Half a million copies of the book were sold. It was only the beginning of a strange legend(传奇) that goes on, even today.26. According to the passage, James Dean _.A. had poor eyesight but wore no glasses B. went to Hollywood to direct a playC. often got his clothes changed D. was once a poor man in Hollywood【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据for a time he was so short of money that he had to live entirely on dry oatmeal.故选D。27. Which is the most important to Deans success in his career?A. He directed a successful movie. B. He played a role in Elia Kazans movie.C. He wrote a play for a famous director. D. His odd temper made him very famous.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据He got a part in a play and was seen by the great director Elia Kazan. Kazan was planning the movie East of Eden and realized Dean would be perfect for one of the main roles.由于在Elia Kazan导演的电影里演了角色而出名，故选B。28. Which of the following is probably TRUE about Dean?A. He acted in two plays in Hollywood. B. He was too shy to express himself.C. He mitted suicide on a highway. D. He was a crazy fan in fast driving.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据In spite of his poor eyesight, he loved driving fast motorcycles and even faster sports cars.他是一个爱开快车的人，故选D。29. What can we know from the last paragraph?A. People are still interested in Deans story. B. Someone hid Dean in another place.C. Deans death made the whole world sad. D. People can still contact Dean now.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据Half a million copies of the book were sold. It was only the beginning of a strange legend(传奇) that goes on, even today.故可推知人们至今都对他的故事感兴趣，故选A。30. What does the passage intend to tell us?A. The death of James Dean. B. James Deans movies.C.The beginning of a legend. D. The life of an actor.【答案】D【解析】写作意图题。根据整篇文章的内容来看主要叙述了一个James Dean的一生，故选D。B Do you know the open-air art gallery in Londons Blackall Street? Probably -not. Not many Londoners know it either, but Henri does and he is willing to show it to you. Henri used to sleep in parks until he met a charity(慈善机构) that helps homeless people get back on their feet by being tour guides. Rather than show traditional London sights, “Unseen Tours take people off the beaten track. Henri has been teaching tourists about the history and architecture of Shoreditch, where he slept on public benches for three years. When he felt separated from the society, contact with the volunteer network The Sock Mob gave Henri hope. Not everyone just looked down on me, he said. The tours arent the only actions trying to help those who have suffered a misfortune to stand tall again. An innovative(创新的) college for homeless people in London, the first ofits kind in the country, is attracting hundreds of students. The Recovery College, set up by St Mungos charity, is providing courses designed to improve technical skills and life skills. According to Andy Williams, who helps to organize the college, the most popular courses have proved to be about raising self-confidence and developing self-pride. Steve, now in his 50s, told a reporter how much of a difference it makes to have a bit of confidence. He had difficulty learning to read and had to leave school when he was 12. Because Steves problem was not recognized at the time, he was seen to be unable to read or write, and suffered with depression and alcohol addiction. He says the status of student is itselfimportant for people who are used to being treated as outcasts（被遗弃者） Some charities aim not only to help the homeless bee independent but also to make them popular. The Homeless World Cup started ten years ago. Today the tournament draws teams from 48 countries made up of players-men and women-who are, or have been, living in the streets. It gives them a chance to bee football heroes.31. The underlined part take people off the beaten track means take people to_.”A. famous galleries B. traditional sightsC.unusual places D. public benches【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。根据Rather than show traditional London sights，使人们不落俗套，故选C。32. How does the Recovery College help the homeless people?A. By training them to be guides, B. By offering them different courses.C. By keeping in contact with them. D. By asking more students to help them.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据The Recovery College, set up by St Mungos charity, is providing courses designed to improve technical skills and life skills.来给学生提供不同的课程，故选B。33. At the age of 12, Steve _ .A. wasnt treated as a normal student B. had much confidence in himselfC. didnt want to study at school D. left school because of depression【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据He had difficulty learning to read and had to leave school when he was 12. He says the status of student is itselfimportant for people who are used to being treated as outcasts .Steve被认为是不正常的孩子。故选A。34. The purpose of the Homeless World Cup is to help the homeless people _.A. bee football stars B. improve life skillsC. gain self-confidence D. find properjobs【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据Some charities aim not only to help the homeless bee independent but also to make them popular. The Homeless World Cup started ten years ago.是为了帮助无家可归的人以自信，故选C。35. Which is the best title for the passage?A. Confidence Back Now. B. London Tour.C. The Popular Homeless. D. Football Heroes.【答案】A【解析】标题归纳题。纵观全文可知主要叙述的一些慈善机构是如何帮助无家可归的人找回自信，故选A。C For years we have been dieting strictly after the year-end overeating, afraid that when summer. es, the bigger size we have accumulated will betray how we ate. Now scientists say, its a little bug that causes obesity(肥胖). As the holiday season with its abundant feasting arrives, millions of food lovers are keeping an eye on their figures. But scientists have found that weight gain is not about too much Christmasturkey or hot chocolates, but some bacteria in your guts(肠). Chinese scientists recently discovered a type of bacteria in guts that may be to blame for obesity. A research team led by Zhao Liping, a professor in Shanghai, has identified a precise linkbetween a particular kind of bacteria and unusual weight gain. The endotoxin(内毒素) released by the bacterium can activate(激活) a gene that helps produce fat. And it also deactivates a gene that consumes fat, Zhao says. Scientists have long believed that microscopic organisms in the gut, microbiota, may play a very important role in weight gain, but they had never been able to prove it. In xx, American microbiologist Jeffrey Gordon and his colleagues discovered a general link between obesity and gut microbiota in mice. While a link was believed to exist, proving it was another matter. The list of diseases that they may play a role in is just growing and growing, says Lita Proctor, director of the US National Institutes of Health. But the problem is that were only able to look at associations and arent yet able to conduct cause-and-effect studies. In the clinical study, researchers found a growth of too much endotoxin-producing bacteria,leading to 35 percent of the gut bacteria, in an obese patient whose initial weight was 175 kg. Based on this information, researchers tried to cure the patient by feeding him a specializednutritional liquid food to decrease the bacteria in his guts to ignorable amounts. After 23 weeks, the patient lost 51.4 kg, with his fatty liver disease having almost disappeared.36. We diet strictly after the year-end overeating because_.A. we wont betray ourselvesB. we eat too much turkeyC. there are bacteria in our gutsD. we dont want to look fat【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据afraid that when summer. es, the bigger size we have accumulated will betray how we ate.不想让看出身体胖，故选D。37. What can be learned from Zhaos research?A. Obesity is related to a kind of bacteria.B. Healthy diet helps reduce your fat.C. Chocolate doesnt cause weight gain.D. Too much food leads to overweight.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据has identified a precise link between a particular kind of bacteria and unusual weight gain.肥胖与一种细菌有关，故选A。38. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Scientists didnt try to find out the cause of overweight.B. There is a link between mices overweight and humans.C. Lita proved the link between bacteria and weight gain.D. Scientists found bacteria may be related to many diseases.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据The list of diseases that they may play a role in is just growing and growing,科学家发现细菌跟许多疾病有关系，故选D。39. The patient finally lost 51.4 kg of his weight after _.A. 35 percent of his gut bacteria were killedB. the amount of gut bacteria was decreasedC. he had a special kind ofoperationD. his fatty liver had disappeared【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据After 23 weeks, the patient lost 51.4 kg, with his fatty liver disease having almost disappeared.肠道细菌减少后病人的体重就会减少，故选B。40. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Peoples eating habits.B. Healthy lifestyles.C. A medical discovery.D. The consequence of obesity.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。根据全文的内容来看，这是关于人们肥胖的一个新的发现，故选C。D Several years ago, I had to replace a receptionist for my unit. Before I advertised for the position, I was approached by another manager, and asked if l would consider a transfer from his staff instead of opening a new petition. My natural question was to ask who he wanted me to consider and why. It appeared from his description of this employee, Maria, that she was having a lot of problems performing her duties, and had difficulties with her boss, and did not appear to respond to any attempts he, the manager, had made to settle the issues. Now, after listening to his explanation, I really had severe doubts. What crossed my mind, after this discussion, was that he wanted me to take a problem off his hands. I told him I would think about it and would let him know the next day. As promised, after thinking more about this potential performance issue, I decided that I would agree to speak with Maria privately before I made any decision. And, what I found out during this interview, left me deep in thought. As it tumed out, the performance issue appeared to result from working for a boss who never extended a good morning. greeting, never gave a word of encouragement, and was constantly changing the work load and routines. The end result was a totally ruined employee who was unconfident, hated to see a new work day start. I decided to accept her transfer to my unit. What started out as a shy, withdrawn and frightened employee turned out to be one of the most productive and loyal employee that I had eyer worked with. Maria couldnt do enough and was constantly asking for more and for more responsibility. I was morethan happy to give her what she needed-praise for work well done, respect as a person, and encouragement for doing well in anything she dealt with. Sometimes, we are guilty of holding others back from acplishing or doing, or developing as they should or could. It may be a wise idea that we all look in the mirror, from time to time, to see what we are really like.41. What can we leam about the writer from the first paragraph?A. He is a manager in the pany.B. He doesnt like his receptionist.C. He likes to pete with others.D. He wants to find another position.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据I was approached by another manager,说明作者也是一个经理，故选A。42. After hearing his colleagues description of Maria, the writer thought that Maria_.A. attempted to settle the issuesB. was a problem to her bossC. shouldnt stay in the panyD. could get on well with others【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据Maria, that she was having a lot of problems performing her duties, and had difficulties with her boss,故选B。43. Why did Maria fail to perform well in her previous job?A. Her previous job was not suitable for her.B. She had difficulty responding to her manager.C. Her boss didnt inspire her working enthusiasm.D. Her boss showed no trust in her ability.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据the performance issue appeared to result from working for a boss who never extended a good morning. greeting, never gave a word of enco