资源描述
Unit4,Wildlifeprotection,知识清单,(一)基本单词1._n.损失;遗失;丧失2._vt.怜悯,loss,hunt,relief,mercy,单词,5._adj.确定的;某一;一定6._vt.包含;容纳;容忍7._vt.影响;感动;侵袭8._n.事变,certain,contain,affect,harm,bite,incident,(二)派生单词11._vt.继任_n.成功_adj.成功的,decrease,increase,respond,response,succeed,success,successful,14._vt.雇用;利用_n.利用;雇用_n.雇员_n.雇主15._vt.检查;视察_n.检查;视察,employ,employment,employee,employer,inspect,inspection,1.灭亡;逐渐消失2.和平地;和睦地;安祥地3.在危险中;垂危4.如释重负;松了口气5.保护.不受.(危害)6.注意7.形成;产生8.按照;根据.所说,dieoutinpeaceindangerinreliefprotectfrompayattentiontoeintobeingaccordingto,短语,Itshowstheimportanceofwildlifeprotection,butIdliketohelpastheWWFsuggests.,句式,核心要点,1.reliefn.(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除;减轻痛苦的事物InreliefDaisyburstintolaughter.（课文原句）黛西如释重负，突然笑了起来。,单词,【归纳】inrelief如释重负;松了口气toonesrelief使某人感到庆幸的是(much)toonesrelief使人宽慰的whatarelief真叫人宽慰,2.mercyn.仁慈;宽恕;怜悯Farmershunteduswithoutmercy.（课文原句）农民们总是惨无人道地捕杀我们。,【归纳】“怜悯，饶恕，宽恕”。begformercy恳请宽恕，乞怜havemercyonsb./showmercytosb.对某人表示怜悯withoutmercy无情地atthemercyof.任摆布或控制，对无能为力,“幸运，恩惠”。Itsamercy(that).幸运的是。如：Itsamercythattheaccidenthappenedsonearthehospital.【拓展】mercilessadj.毫不怜悯的，残忍的mercifuladj.仁慈的，慈悲的,3.certainadj.确定的;某一;一定Theyallowedtouriststohuntonlyacertainnumberofanimalsiftheypaidthefarmers.（课文原句）如果游客付给农民钱的话，他们允许游客来猎取一定数量的动物。,【归纳】certain作形容词，“确定的，无疑的”，常作表语；也可作前置定语，“某一，某种”。常用结构如下：becertainof对有把握becertaintodosth.肯定/确定做,becertainthat.肯定/确定/确信makecertainthat.弄明白，弄清楚makecertainofsth./doingsth.确保（做某事）Itiscertainthat.是肯定/确定的,【辨析】certain容纳;克制(强烈的感情等);抑制Itcontainsapowerfuldrugwhichaffectsmosquitoes.（课文原句）它含有一种强效的药物可以防止蚊虫叮咬。,【归纳】contain“包含,含有,容纳,里面装有”,指的是包含的全部内容或容量,也可指里面所含的成分,不用于进行时态。include“包含”,“连.在内,计入,算入,包括”,表示所包含之物中的一部分,宾语往往是主语的一部分。,【即时应用】用contain/include的适当形式填空。1)Mymotherwasunableto_heranger.2)Thebottle_twoglassesofbeer.3)Thehealthclub_agym,aswimmingpoolandalockerroom.4)Thewholebook_12units,_twotests.,contain,contains,includes,contains,including,affectvt.影响;感动;侵袭,【归纳】affectsb.totears把某人感动得掉泪begreatlyaffected很受感动beaffectedwithhighfever发高烧haveaneffecton/upon.对.有影响,【辨析】affect/effect/influenceaffect作动词，多指外来的行为、作用等产生的影响，侧重指消极影响，主语通常是物而不是人。如：Theiropinionwillnotaffectmydecision.effect作名词，侧重影响的结果，常用于haveagood/badeffecton/uponsth./sb.结构中。如：Thishadagreateffectonthefutureofbothmotherandson.,influence指通过劝说、榜样或行为，间接地、无形地、潜移默化地影响某人的思想或行为。作动词时，宾语通常是表示人、思想、性格、行为等的名词；作名词时，后常接含on，upon，over，with等的介词短语。也可指自然力的影响。如：Ateacherhasgreatinfluenceoverhispupils.,【提示】affect只能用作动词，除了“影响”之意，还可以引申为“感动，感染”；而effect用作名词，着重影响的结果，多用于短语haveaneffecton，意为“影响”。,【即时应用】用affect/effect的适当形式填空。Stayinguptoolatewillhaveabad_onyourhealth.2)Theboywasabsorbedinreadingwithoutbeing_bythenoiseoutside.,effect,affected,5.appreciatev.鉴赏;感激;意识到YoushouldpaymoreattentiontotherainforestwhereIliveandappreciatehowtheanimalslivetogether.（课文原句）你们应该多加关注我生活的热带雨林，并且懂得热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。,【归纳】作“欣赏，鉴赏”讲时，其后常接名词或代词作宾语。如：Youcantreallyappreciateforeignliteratureintranslation.,作“感谢，感激”讲时，后面可接名词、代词、动词-ing形式（或其复合结构）以及宾语从句。如：Iappreciateyour/youmakingtheefforttoe.Idontappreciatebeingtreatedlikeasecond-classcitizen.Iappreciatewhatyouvedoneforme.,sb.+wouldappreciateitif.“如果某人将不胜感激”。如：Hewouldappreciateitifyoucoulddohimthatfavor.,【辨析】appreciate继承vt.接替;继任Whatmustbedoneifwildlifeprotectionistosucceed?（课文原句）如果想成功的保护野生动植物我们必须做什么?,【归纳拓展】succeed(in)doingsth.成功.succeedtosth.继承.succeedsb.as.接替某人成为.successn.U成功;成就C成功的人或事物successfuladj.成功的successfullyadv.成功地successn.成功（不可数名词）；成功的人或事（可数名词）。,【辨析】succeedin以事物作主语时用succeedwith。如:Hehassucceededintheattempt.Theattemptsucceededwithhim.他的那次尝试成功了。,【即时应用】用上述词汇完成下列情景。Totellthetruth,Iusednottobea_inmunicatingwithothers.ButlaterIwenttoanightschooland_learningsomesocialskills.ThenIwas_inmakingfriendswithmanyyoungpeople.Actuallyitsnotdifficultto_improvingyourself.,success,succeeded(in),successful,succeed(in),7.employvt.雇用;利用(时间/精力等)Cantheybeemployedtoworkintheparkandnothurttheanimals?（课文原句）可以雇佣他们在公园工作，并且不伤害动物吗?,【归纳】beemployedin.忙于.employ.as.把.用作.employoneselfon.从事于.;时间花在.employoneself(in)doingsth.从事于/忙于某事employsb.todosth.雇某人做某事,【即时练习】Aftertwoyears_(失业),hehasjust_(被雇用)byabigpany.Tobeagood_(员工),he_(花费)allhissparetimeinlearningaboutnewthingsaboutthepany.Soonheispromotedbyhis_(雇主).,unemployment,beenemployed,employee,employs,employer,1.inpeace和睦地；安静地，平静地About30-40remainafterbeingleftinpeacewithnohunting.（课文原句）在没有捕杀的和平状态下，大约还有30到40只。,短语,【拓展】indanger在危险中inrelief如释重负inorder状态良好insilence沉默inpower执政inprogress在进行中insurprise惊讶地,2.indanger(of)处于危险中Whyaretheyindangerofdisappearing?（课文原句）为什么它们处于消失的危险中？,【归纳】indanger在危险中，处境危险indangerof有的危险，坏事或不快之事发生的可能性，其后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式（短语）。【拓展】outofdanger脱离危险,3.dieout灭亡;逐渐消失Asaresulttheseendangeredanimalsmayevendieout.（课文原句）因此，这些濒危动物甚至可能灭绝。,【拓展】dieaway(声音/光线/风声等)逐渐消失diedown(火/情绪/风暴等)由强变弱/熄灭/平静下来dieoff(动/植物等)相继死亡;(草木等)枯死bedyingfor很想要;渴望,【即时应用】用适当的介/副词填空。Astheregionisbeinghotter,thiskindofgrassisdying_.2)Theirchatterandlaughterdied_asthegrouprushedoutoftheclassroom.3)Whenalltheguestshadleft,thewholehousedied_.4)Weneedtotakeactionbeforealltheendangeredanimalsdie_.,off,away,down,out,4.protect.from保护.不受.(危害)“Improtectingmyselffrommosquitoes.”（课文原句）我这样做可以防止蚊虫叮咬。,【拓展】prevent.(from).阻止.做.stop.(from).阻止.做.keep.(from).阻止.做.underonesprotection=undertheprotectionofsb.受某人保护,【提示】prevent/stop/keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事,在prevent/stop.fromdoingsth.中的from在主动句中可以省略,而在被动句中不可省略。keep.fromdoingsth.中的from在任何情况下都不能省略。,5.payattentionto注意;关注YoushouldpaymoreattentiontotherainforestwhereIliveandappreciatehowtheanimalslivetogether.（课文原句）你们应该多加关注我生活的热带雨林，并且懂得热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。,【拓展】draw/attract/catchattentionto.引起某人的注意turnonesattentionto把注意力转移到.fix/focus/concentrateonesattentionon/upon注意力集中在.devoteonesattentionto把注意力放在.,6.eintobeing形成;产生Theylivedontheearthtensofmillionsofyearsago,longbeforehumanscameintobeingandtheirfutureseemedsecureatthetime.（课文原句）千百万年前，恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多，当时它们的前景好像也很安全。,【拓展】eintoexistence开始存在;形成;产生eintofashion开始流行;风靡eintoeffect生效eintosight/view看得见eintooffice就职eintopower当权;执政eintouse/service开始被使用,【提示】eintobeing是不及物动词短语,无被动形式,也不用于进行时态。【即时应用】完成句子。Nooneknowswhensuchacustom_(形成).(2)Anewrulewillsoon_(生效).,cameintobeing,eintoeffect,1.Itshowstheimportanceofwildlifeprotection,butIdliketohelpastheWWFsuggests.,as引导方式状语从句,“按照,如同”。如：DoasIsay!按我说的去做！WheninRome,doasRomansdo.入乡随俗。,句式,as作连词的其他用法：当.时候;一面.一面;随着(引导时间状语从句)因为;既然(引导原因状语从句)尽管adv.同样地;例如;被认为prep.作为;如同conj.因为;像;当.之时;像.一样;结果;尽管,e.g.Theysangsongsastheyweredoingfarmwork.他们一边干农活,一边唱歌。Asthewageofthejobwaslow,therewerefewapplicantsforit.因为工资低,没有什么人申请这份工作。Intelligentassheis,sheworksveryhard.(=Althoughsheisclever.)尽管聪明,她还是很努力。,【提示】as意为“尽管”时,须将表语/状语等提前,其他成分保持陈述语序;名词提前时,去掉冠词。如：Childashewas,heknewalot.(=Althoughhewasachild.)虽然是个孩子,但他懂得很多。,2.PleasetakemetoadistantlandwhereIcanfindtheanimalthatgavefurtomakethissweater.【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。主句是Pleasetakemetoadistantland，where引导定语从句。在where引导的从句中包含一个由that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词animal。,【仿写】汤姆昨天带我去了一家书店，在那里我买了一本描写中国文化的书。_,YesterdayTomtookmetoabookstorewhereIboughtabookthat/whichdescribesChineseculture.,3.YoushouldpaymoreattentiontotherainforestwhereIliveandappreciatehowtheanimalslivetogether.【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。and连接两个并列的谓语pay和appreciate；whereIlive是定语从句，修饰rainforest；howtheanimalslivetogether是宾语从句，作appreciate的宾语。,【仿写】警察搜查了他住的地方，知道了他是如何逃脱的。_,Thepolicesearchedtheplacewherehelivedandknewhowheescaped.,【语境展示】观察下列句子。1.LiYing,etothekitchenandhelpmetowashthevegetables.Pleasewaitaminute.ImbeingtoldthatwewillhaveameetinginBeijingtomorrow.2.Anatureparkisbeingbuiltinthisareainordertoprotectwildanimals.3.Somemeasuresarebeingtakentopreventpeopledestroyingtheforest.,语法,现在进行时的被动语态,【自我归纳】现在进行时被动语态的构成形式：am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词（13）。现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行着的被动动作（1）；也可表示现阶段正在进行着的被动动作（2和3）。,【拓展】1.现在进行时的被动语态与always,constantly等词连用时，表示经常性的被动动作，此时往往带有赞赏、厌恶等感情色彩。如：Recentlymydaughterisalwaysbeingpraisedbytheteachers.Totheteachersanger,thesillyquestionsarealwaysbeingaskedbyhisstudents.,2.某些介词如under/in/on等+名词，可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。如：Theinjuredmanintheaccidentisundertreatment(=isbeingtreated)inthenearesthospitalnow.CanIusethetelephone?Sorry,itisinuse(=isbeingused)now.,【即学即练】.用动词的正确形式填空。1.Mikewillhavetogotoworkbybusashiscar_(repair)now.2.Anewstadium_(decorate)herethesedays.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.3.Whatsthatnoise?Oh,letmesee.Thenewmachine_(test).,isbeingrepaired,isbeingdecorated,isbeingtested,4.Thenewlibrary_(plete)alreadyandisreadyforuse.5.Wearelivingwithmyparentsatthemomentbecauseourhouse_(rebuild).,hasbeenpleted,isbeing,rebuilt,.用括号内动词的正确形式填空。Cellphonesormobilephones,makeitpossibleforustotalktoanyonefromanywhere.Wordsandpictures1._(send)throughouttheworldatthemoment.Moderncellphonesaremorethanjustphonesthey2._(use)ascamerasandradios,andtosende-mailsorsurftheInternet.,arebeing,arebeingused,sent,Newfunctions(功能)3._(add)tothephonesinthepastfewyears.Nowcellphoneshavefeaturessuchasgames,musicandanelectroniccalendarthatcan4._(use)toremindyouofappointmentsandimportantdates.Cellphoneshavechangedourbehaviorandhowwemunicate.They5._(use)everywheresometimeswheretheyshouldnt.,havebeenadded,beused,arebeingused,.高考链接。Afterschoolwewenttothereadingroomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit_(decorate).(2012安徽)【解析】放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果被告知阅览室正在装修。went可知应用过去的某时态；句意可知叙述正在发生的情况；it(thereadingroom)与decorate为被动。,wasbeingdecorated,Oneheadmastersaysthatnophones6._(allow)inhisschoolsclassrooms.“Ifaphonestartsringingintheclassroom,teachersandstudents7._(disturb)andcannotwork.”Thestudentsobeytherulesandagreenottousetheirphonesintheclassroom.,areallowed,aredisturbed,劝说性信函是向某个组织或个人提出劝说性建议的一种应用文体。【写作指导】劝说性信函多采用的写作步骤和常用表达：1.所面临的问题。常用表达：Youreallywantto.but.Ihearyouhavedecidedto.butIthink.Whatasurpriseitisthatyou.,写作,如何写劝说性信函,2.提出建议，给出充足理由。常用表达：Ipersonallythinkitwouldbebetter.First,Isuggest.Second,.Ithink,youneedtofirst.Second,youneed.Ibelieveifyou.,youwillsurely.Ontheonehand.,ontheotherhand.Ifyouagreewithmeandwantto.,3.简单表达自己的希望。常用表达：Ihopeyouwilltakemyadviceintoaccount.Ihopeyouwillfindthesesuggestionspractical/useful/helpful.注意：1.劝说性信函的语气要委婉。2.要符合英语信件的基本格式。3.所举理由的说服力和可信度。1)逻辑和论据让对方赞同你的观点。2)用具体事实证明观点或建议是可靠的。,【写作任务】假设你是李华，网友Tom因为家境贫寒决定辍学去赚钱。请用英语写一封信，劝他留在学校，继续读书。注意：1.词数120左右；2.参考词汇：辍学dropoutofschool_,【参考范文】DearTom,Imsosurprisedtohearthatyouhavedecidedtodropoutofschool.Idontthinkitiswisetodoso.Mostlargepaniesareinneedofpeoplewithknowledge,sohowcanyoufindyourdreamjobifyouchoosetodropoutofschoolsoearly?Myelderbrotheroncehadthesameideaasyou,buthefinallychosetostudyfirst,andnowhehasgainedhisdreamjob.,Ipersonallythinkitwouldbebetterforyoutofinishyourstudiesfirst.Beingknowledgeableandskillfulhelpsyoualotwhenseekingajob.Ihopeyouwilltakemyadviceintoaccount.Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua,巩固练习,I.用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Ata(n)_(distant)ofsixmilesyoucantseemuch.2.Weshouldtellpeoplethe_(important)ofbanningtheuseofplasticbags.3.Wewillpaymoreattentiontowildlife_(protect)fromnowon.,distance,importance,protection,4.Thisgroupofchemicalsisknowntobe_(harm)topeoplewithheartdisease.5._(attend),please,Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.6.Thebookshefoundinthechurchlookedfaded,_(dust)andunused.7.ThepicturequalityisbadbecausetheTVsignalisnt_(power)enough.,harmful,Attention,dusty,powerful,II.用合适的短语并用其正确形式填空。dieout,respondto,burstintolaughter,inpeace,forsure,accordingto,sothat,eintobeing1.Iknow_thatchancesbelongtothosewhoarealwaysready.2.She_thesequestionsandthenwentoutoftheroom.3.Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirst_.,forsure,respondedto,cameintobeing,dieout,respondto,burstintolaughter,inpeace,forsure,accordingto,sothat,eintobeing4.Peopleofdifferentreligionshavelivedtogether_forcenturiesinthiscountry.5.Manyanimalshave_becauseofmuchkillingandhunting.6.Uponhearingthefunnystory,mylittlebrother_.,inpeace,diedout,burstintolaughter,dieout,respondto,burstintolaughter,inpeace,forsure,accordingto,sothat,eintobeing7.Everythingwent_plan,andwearrivedontime.8.Jacksaveduphismoney_hemightgoabroadforhissummerholiday.,accordingto,sothat,III.把句子中的主动语态改写成被动语态。1.Thepostmanisdeliveringthemail._2.Aretheyopeningthegiftsnow?_,Themailisbeingdeliveredbythepostman.Arethegiftsbeingopenedbythemnow?,3.HarryPotterismeasuringtheroom._4.Thecoachiscongratulatingtheteamatthemoment._,TheroomisbeingmeasuredbyHarryPotter.,Theteamisbeingcongratulatedbythecoachatthemoment.,.阅读材料，在空白处填入适当内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。In2007,ateamofscientistsledbyresearchersfromYaleUniversityweresurprisedtofindthatanunusualmonkey,1._motherhadbeenkilled,wasbeinglookedafterbyaschooldirectorintheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo.,whose,Latertheteamsawthesesamemonkeys2._(live)inthewildintherainforestsoftheLomamiBasincloseby.Thoughknowntolocals,themonkeyswereunknowntointernationalscientistsandgenetictests3._(quick)showedthemonkeytobeanewspecies.Lesulas,asthey4._(call)bythelocalpopulation,havenakedfaces,longblondehairandbluebottoms.,living,quickly,arecalled,Thewide-eyed,pink-facedlesulagainedmanyadmirersandonenewspaperevenpareditsfacetoaRembrandtportrait.5._(describe)asshyandquiet,thelesulawasaddedtotheendangeredspecieslistasitshabitatislimited6._anareaofonly6,500squaremiles.RobertKityoisazoologyprofessoratUgandasMakerereUniversity.,Described,to,Hesaysthatthelesuladiscoveryisproof7._theeasterncentralbasinisfilledwithspeciesyettobediscovered.Thisnewfindalsohighlightsthe8._(important)ofpreserving,orprotectingAfricanrainforests.Manyforestsarethreatenedby9._(legal)loggingandhunting.Preservingtheserainforestsallowsnewspecieslikethelesula10._(continue)tosurvive.,that,importance,illegal,tocontinue,
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