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选修10Units34,扣考纲话题诵读,固考基教材梳理,课后限时检测,析考点重难突破,话题31社会话题词汇【常见单词】1virtuen美德2actionn行动3reputationn名声4donatev捐助5defeatv战胜6insistv坚持,7urgev催促，强烈要求，竭力主张8aggressiveadj.有进取心的9distinguishedadj.杰出的10indifferentadj.不关心的【常见短语】1inthefaceof面对2inneed在贫困中的；在危难中的3ratherthan而不是4comeacross偶遇5sparenoeffortstodosth.不遗余力做某事,经典语篇【写作要求】(2014河南省豫东、豫北十所名校高三英语阶段性测试)请先仔细观察并描述下面的漫画，然后针对这一社会现象写一篇短文，反映人们对此现象的不同观点并简要陈述自己的观点。,注意：1.词数100左右；2开头已为你写好，但不计入总词数；3可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Whatshouldyoudoifanoldmanfallsdownrightunderyournose？_,【参考范文】What_should_you_do_if_an_old_man_falls_down_right_under_your_nose?Anoldmansuddenlyfelltothegroundinafaintjustinfrontoftheboy.Manypeoplecrowdedroundbutnobodywouldhelptheoldmanup.Mostpeopleencouragedtheboytohelptheman，whilesomeofthemthoughttheboyshouldntgiveahandbecausehewaslikelytogethimselfintotroublesincetheoldmanorhisfamilymightinsistthatheknockeddowntheoldman.Evenworse，someurgedtheboytoleaveimmediately.,Theboywastroubledbythequestionwhetherheshouldhelptheoldmanornot.Inmyopinion，helpingothersisatraditionalChinesevirtue.Wemustgiveahandtotheoldandatthesametimewemustprotectourselvesfrombeinginvolvedintrouble.,一试身手【句型转换】1将句型改为两个句子。Mostpeopleencouragedtheboytohelptheman，whilesomeofthemthoughttheboyshouldntgiveahand._sincetheoldmanorhisfamilymightinsistthatheknockeddowntheoldman.,Because,theythoughthewaslikelytogethimselfintotrouble,2将句型改为复合句。Evenworse，_.【完成句子】1我们强烈要求立即采取有力措施。We_immediately.,someurgedthattheboyshouldleave,immediately,urgepowerfulactiontobetaken,2我们与其在礼堂里开会，不如在教室开会。Wellhavethemeetingintheclassroom_.3我碰到一群正在玩耍的小孩。I_agroupofchildrenplaying.,ratherthaninthehall,cameacross,一、单词速览1._vt.使陷入困境；使陷入圈套；夹住，卡住n.陷阱，圈套；困境2_n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象vt.怀疑(某人有罪)；怀疑(某事属实或可能发生，尤指坏事)3_vt.&n.要求，请求4_vt.使成为必要，牵涉，涉及，(使)参加,trap,suspect,request,involve,5_vt.&vi.补偿，弥补，给(某人)赔偿6._adj.突然的，意外的；粗鲁的_adv.突然地7._n.预防，防止_vt.阻止；阻碍8._vi.&vt.(使)结束；下结论；推断_n.结论9._n.生理反应，副作用；回应，反应_vi.反应,compensate,abrupt,abruptly,prevention,prevent,conclude,conclusion,reaction,react,10_vt.&vi.商定；谈判，协商_n.谈判11_n.申请者_v.申请；应用12_adj.体贴的，为他人着想的_adj.相当多的_v.考虑，认为13_vt.进口，输入，引进n.进口，输入；进口产品_(反义词)出口，输出,negotiate,negotiation,applicant,apply,considerate,considerable,consider,import,export,14_vt.检查，视察_n.检查，视察15_adj.无知觉的16_adj.冒犯的，极其讨厌的；攻击性的17_adj.额外的；另外的_vt.添加，增加，相加18_n.合作19_vt.删去，删除20_adj.真品的，正宗的；真实的；逼真的,inspect,inspection,unconscious,offensive,additional,add,cooperation,delete,authentic,【看单词，学构词】在单词8.conclusion一词中，sion是常见的名词后缀。在英语构词法中，sion,ssion表示“行为；性质”。课标中常见词汇，例如：decision,expansion,depression等。二、短语快译1._突然出现2_消除，去除3_再，重新4_使生效，实施5_用完，耗尽6_此外，而且,burstonthescene,wipeaway,overagain,putintoeffect,runoutof/useup,inaddition,7_与相反8_向某人骗取某物9_调低(音量)，拒绝10_(与)合作；联合11_因而失去某人12_与有关13_对憎恨14_首先,contraryto,cheatsb.ofsth.,turndown,joinforces,losesb.to.,berelatedto,haveahatredfor,inthefirstplace,15_做有困难16_同意；订阅17_应用于18_面临19_充当20_警告某人某事,havedifficultyindoing,subscribeto,applyto,befacedwith,actas,warnsb.ofsth.,三、句式构建1with复合结构HIVisspreadingacrosstheworldatahighrate，_.HIV在全球的传播速度非常快，每天大约有7000人感染这种病毒。,withabout7,000peoplecatchingthevirusdaily,2when引导时间状语从句Theworkofinternationalorganizationsisevenmoreimportant_.当考虑到这一形势会变得有多么严峻时，国际组织的工作就显得更加重要了。,whenyouconsiderhowmuchmoreseverethe,situationcouldbecome,3不定式用主动形式表示被动意义Thesephrases_iftheywerenotabbreviated.如果不缩写的话，这些短语将会很难用。4couldhavedone表示“有可能做过某事”Howdoyouknowitwasme？It_.你怎么知道是我呢？有可能是别人。,wouldbedifficulttouse,couldhavebeenanyone,解析8个考纲单词1concludevi.&vt.(使)结束；下结论；推断(教材P41)Toconclude，Aidseducationisthebestwaytoprotectourselvesfromthisterribledisease.总之，艾滋病教育是保护我们免受这种疾病侵袭的最好方法。concludesth.with/bydoingsth.以结束concludesth.(fromsth.)that.(由)推断出，断定draw/reach/arriveat/cometoaconclusion得出结论inconclusion最后,WewillconcludeourconcertwiththeNationalAnthem.我们将以国歌结束我们的音乐会。Whatcanyouconcludefromtheseobservations?你从这些观察中能得出什么结论？Hethoughtitover，butcouldcome_to_no_conclusion.他仔细考虑了，但没能得出结论。In_conclusionhewisheduseverysuccessinourwork.最后，他祝我们工作顺利。,高考链接(2013浙江高考)Whenthegroupdiscussionisnearingitsend，makesureto_itwithimportantpoints.AconcludeBleadCavoidDhold【解析】句意：小组讨论接近尾声时，一定要用几条要点作为结束。conclude(使)结束，conclude.with以结束，符合题意。lead领导，引领；avoid避免，回避；hold容纳，举行。其中nearingitsend为重要信息提示。【答案】A,2reactionn生理反应，副作用；回应，反应(教材P46)Evenasmallamountofitisenoughtoslowthebrainandthebodysreactions，andheroinusersusuallybecomeaddictedandbeginadownwardslideafteronlyafewusesofthedrug.即使少量的海洛因就足以使大脑和身体的反应变慢。吸食海洛因者通常会上瘾，吸食几次就会落到成瘾的地步。,inreactionto对的反应reactionagainst抗拒；对反抗reactto对起反应；对(食物等)有不良反应reactagainstsb./sth.反抗、对抗某人/某事Childrentendtoreactagainsttheirparentsbygoingagainsttheirwishes.孩子们通常以违背父母的意愿来反抗他们。,Doeshereact_tothesoundsaroundhim?他对周围的声音有反应吗？Aspokesmansaidthechangeswerenotin_reaction_tothecompanysrecentlosses.一位发言人说，这些变动不是针对公司最近的损失而做出的反应。,3trapvt.使陷入困境；使陷入圈套；夹住，卡住n陷阱，圈套；困境(教材P47)Whileinthebeginningsomepeoplemayevenenjoyabusingdrugs，intheenddrugusersfindthemselvestrappedinaprisonfromwhichtheycannotescape.尽管开始时，一些人甚至可能会享受滥用毒品，但最终吸毒者发现他们被困在一所他们无法逃脱的牢狱里。,betrappedin被困在trapsb.into(doing)sth.使某人陷入圈套；诱骗某人(做)某事fallintothetrapofdoingsth.掉进陷阱Shewastrappedintheburninghouse.她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。Donttrytotrap_me_into_thinking.别引诱我去思考。,4involvevt.使成为必要；牵涉，涉及；(使)参加(教材P50)Fightingthiskindofcrime，whichiscalledcybercrime，requiresgreateffortandinvolvesmanycountriesworkingtogether.打击被称为网络犯罪的这种犯罪，需要极大的努力并牵涉到各国的通力协作。involve.in使牵连进去；使陷入involve.with和混在一起；和有密切联系be/getinvolvedin卷入；参与；涉及到,Dontinvolveyourselfinactivitieswhichwastetime.不要参加那些浪费时间的活动。Dontinvolveyourselfwiththosepeople.别与那些人混在一起。Inadditiontomystudies，Igot_involved_inlotsofextracurricularactivities.除了学习以外，我参加了许多课外活动。,高考链接(2013福建高考)Michellefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhich_spendingquitealotoftimewithstudents.AenjoysBinvolvesCpracticesDsuggests,【解析】首先了解四个选项的汉语意思。enjoy表示“享受，喜欢”；involve表示“需要，包括，涉及，牵涉”；practice表示“练习，实践”；suggest表示“建议”。由题干中的关键信息ajob以及spending.time.可知此处应填involve，意为“需要”。句意：米歇尔找到了一份中学老师的工作，这份工作需要花费相当多的时间和学生在一起。【答案】B,5suspectn嫌疑犯，可疑对象vt.怀疑(某人有罪)；怀疑(某事属实或可能发生，尤指坏事)(教材P51)Inaddition，mostcountriesdonothavearrangementsfordealingwithsuspectsfromothercountries.并且，大部分国家并没有应对来自其他国家的嫌疑犯的准备suspectsb./sth.怀疑某人/某事suspectsb.ofdoingsth.怀疑某人做某事suspectthat.怀疑,(2013江苏高考阅读理解C)Hesuspectsthatitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.他怀疑是其他动物的进化导致了这种变化。Shesuspected_him_of_takinghermoney.她怀疑他拿了她的钱。,6requestvt.&n要求，请求(教材P57)Visitorsarerequestedtoshutthedoorquietlywhenleavingthebuilding.要求拜访者在离开大楼时轻轻地关上门。(1)makearequestfor要求，提出请求attherequestofsb.atsb.srequest应某人的要求,(2)requeststh.from/ofsb.向某人请求某物requestsb.(not)todosth.要求某人(不)做某事Itisrequestedthatclause要求从句用(should)动词原形【温馨提示】request后面跟名词性从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“(should)do”结构。类似的动词还有propose,recommend,suggest,advise,require,order,demand等。,WheneverIgoout,mymotherrequestsmetocomebackbefore10oclockatnight.无论我什么时候出去，妈妈都要求我晚上十点以前回家。NowIcomehereat_the_request_of_Mr.Smithtoassisthiminfinishingthework.现在我来这里是应史密斯先生的要求，协助他完成这项工作。MarymadearequestthatI(should)_help_her_withherEnglish.玛丽要求我帮她学英语。,7negotiatevt.&vi.商定；谈判，协商(教材P51)Itisalsoimportanttodraftnewlawsandnegotiateinternationalstandardsforfightingcybercrime.起草新的法律并商讨打击网络犯罪的国际标准也很重要。negotiateanagreement/acontract商定协议/合同negotiatewithsb.与某人谈判/协商,Wevedecidedtonegotiatewiththeemployersaboutourwageclaims.我们已经决定和雇主谈判关于我们的工资要求。Wehopetonegotiate_a_successful_agreement_withtheboardofthedirectors.我们希望与董事会谈判顺利，达成协议。,高考链接(2011湖北高考)Theministersaid，“Wearereadyfordiscussionswithanylegalparties，butwellnever_withcriminals.”AnegotiateBquarrelCargueDconsult【解析】negotiate谈判；quarrel吵架，争吵；argue辩论，争辩；consult商议，咨询。句意：部长说：“我们愿意与任何合法党派进行讨论，但我们决不与犯罪分子谈判。”根据句意选A。【答案】A,8compensatevt.&vi.补偿，弥补；给(某人)赔偿(教材P63)Rememberthatcompaniesexpecttobecompensatedfortheirmaterial，andthattheywillnotsimplyacceptanapology.我们应该记住，许多公司期待着给他们的版权资料付费，他们不会简单地接受道歉。compensatefor对于补偿，为补偿makecompensationfor弥补incompensationfor.作为的补偿,Theystronglydemandthatyoucompensatefortheloss.他们强烈要求你方赔偿损失。Theyhadtomake_compensation_forallwrongfulexactions.他们必须对各种非法勒索给予赔偿。,高考链接(2014江苏高考)Topgraduatesfromuniversitiesare_bymajorcompanies.AchasedBregisteredCofferedDcompensated【解析】本题考查语境选词。句意：大学的优秀毕业生被各大公司_。chase追逐，追求；register登记，注册；offer提供；compensate补偿，赔偿。大学的优秀毕业生(topgraduates)显然是各大公司竞相追逐(chase)的目标。【答案】A,单词对点集训.单词拼写1He_(结束)hisspeechwithaslogan.2Itisdifficulttopredicthis_(反应)becauseheissomoody.3Hesetsdownallthefacts_(有关的)4The_(嫌疑犯)wastakentothepolicestationforquestioning.,5Youwillhaveto_(赔偿)usfortheloss.6Hemusthavespottedthe_(陷阱)7He_(请求)hisfriendtogowithhim.8Ill_(谈判)withaforeigner.【答案】1.concluded2.reaction3.involved4suspectpensate6.trap7.requested8.negotiate,.单项填空1Herlawyerssaidsheshouldbe_bothforherinjuriesandforthesufferingshehadbeencaused.ApaidBcompensatedCsuspectedDsubmitted【解析】句意：她的律师们说她应在伤害和因此所造成的痛苦两方面得到赔偿。compensate“补偿，赔偿”，符合句意。【答案】B,2FromtheevidenceImust_thatyouarewrong.AdrawBconcludeCassumeDreserve【解析】句意：从证据看，我敢断定你错了。conclude断定；reserve预定，保留；assume假设，假定；draw吸引，得出，故选B项。【答案】B,3(2014邵阳调研)Bobdoesntliketheideaofhiswife_inthataffair.AbeinginvolvedBinvolvingCinvolvedDtobeinvolved【解析】of的宾语是hiswifeinvolving.【答案】B,4Heissufferinganallergic_adrug.AreacttoBreactiontoCreactinginDreactionagainst【解析】句意：目前他正遭受对某药物过敏反应的痛苦。【答案】B,5(2014镇江模拟)Thenewlyfoundedchessclubformally_ustoattendtheopeningceremony.ArequestedBrequiredCdemandedDcommanded【解析】句意：新成立的国际象棋俱乐部正式请求我们参加开幕式。request常用于正式场合的请求。【答案】A,6Maryisfacingthe_ofobeyingherfatherormarryingthemansheloves.AtrickBcaseCfashionDtrap【解析】句意：玛丽面临服从父亲还是嫁给自己爱的人这一困境。trap“困境”，其余三项无此意。【答案】D,7Itisdifficultto_whereneitherwilltrust.AdebateBfightCconsultDnegotiate【解析】句意：双方彼此不信任便很难进行协商。debate辩论，争辩；negotiate谈判；consult商议，咨询；fight斗争，战斗。【答案】D,分析3个高考短语1wipeaway消除，去除(教材P47)Whiletheycannotwipeawaythestainofthepast，theycancertainlymoveforward.尽管他们不能消除过去的污点，但他们肯定可以继续向前。wipesth.offsth.从除掉(或抹掉)wipeout抹去；彻底摧毁,Icannotbutwipeawaymytearsandchangethetuneofmysong.我只能擦去眼泪改变歌的曲调。Anunexpectedlegacyenabledhimtowipe_offthedebtonhishouse.一笔意外的遗产使他偿还了他在住宅上所欠的全部债务。Doctorsaresearchingforacurethatwillwipe_outcancer.医生们正在寻找消灭癌症的医疗方法。,2putintoeffect使生效，实施(教材P62)Oneoftheconditionsofbelongingstotheorganizationisthattheselawsmustbeputintoeffectbymembercountries.加入该组织的条件之一就是这些法律必须在成员国生效。haveaneffecton对有影响takeeffect生效，起作用ineffect实际上，正在实行，有效,carry/bringintoeffect使生效，使起作用come/gointoeffect生效，实施Hewillseetoitthatyourplansarequicklyputintoeffect.他将确保你的计划会很快地被实施的。Thenewregulationswilltake_effecttomorrow.新的规定明天开始生效。Theoldtaxregulationswillremainin_effectuntilnextJune.旧税法到明年六月前仍然有效。,3losesb.to.因为而失去某人(教材P35)AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)，morethan4millionchildrenhavediedofAids，andmorethan15millionchildrenhavelosttheirparentstoAids.根据世界卫生组织的统计，已有超过四百万的儿童死于艾滋病，超过一千五百万的儿童由于艾滋病失去了父母。,loseto/againstsb.负于某人losetouchwith失去联系loseonesbalance失去平衡losesightof看不见loseoneselfin全神贯注于losetoonesopponent败给对手loseonesmemory失忆loseonesbreath喘不过气来loseonesway迷路losecontrolof失去控制,Lostinthebook，hedidntnoticemycoming.埋头于读书，他没有注意到我进来。Whilecrossingthenarrowbridge，hesuddenlylost_his_balanceandfellintotheriver.在过窄桥时，他突然失去平衡掉进了河里。,短语对点集训.选词填空befamiliarwith；wipeaway；contraryto；onthescene；suckthelifeoutof；putintoeffect；joinforces；cheat.outof.；keepupwith；fightagainst1Thethemeparkyou_isDisneyland.2Thepolicearrived_shortlyaftertheaccident.3He_theoldwoman_hermoney.4They_thegirlstearsandcomfortedher.,5Tomydisappointment，theresultswere_myexpectation.6Cancer_hismothernow.7Inordertodrivetheenemyout，theparties_.8Now，manycountries_AIDS.9Thesesuggestionswereadoptedand_.10Comeon，Tony！Tryto_Mike.,【答案】1.arefamiliarwith2.onthescene3cheated；outof4.wipedaway5.contraryto6.issuckingthelifeoutof7.joinedforces8.arefightingagainst9.putintoeffect10.keepupwith,.单项填空1(2014定远模拟)Howwouldyousuggesttothepresidentthatyourrecommendationsbe_？AputintoeffectBaffectedChavinganeffectonDintoeffect【解析】句意：你将如何向总裁说明你的建议应当实施？putintoeffect使生效，实施。【答案】A,2HowIwouldlovetobeabletoholdmykids，_theirtears，sharetheirdreams.AwipeoffBwipeoutCwipeawayDwipeover【解析】句意：我多想能够抱起我的孩子，擦干他们的眼泪，分享他们的梦想。wipeoff从上擦掉；wipeout勾销，去除；wipeaway擦掉，故选C项。【答案】C,3Imustfindsomeoneto_adeputyformeduringmyabsence.AactforBactonCactlikeDactas【解析】句意：我必须找一个人，在我离开期间代理我的职务。actfor为某人去做某事；acton按照(劝告、指标、原则等)行事，对发生作用，对产生影响；actas意思是“充当”、“担任”；actlike意思是“行为像”、“举动像”。【答案】D,4Moststudentsatschoolhopethattheycan_activitiesthatappealtothemafterclassinsteadofjustdoingtheirhomework.AapplyforBparticipateinCsticktoDfocuson【解析】句意：在学校的大多数学生都希望下课后不写作业而是参加自己喜爱的活动。根据题意选B。【答案】B,5Mom，Ilost_diamondringyouboughtformeasmybirthdaypresent.Couldyoukeep_eyeoutforitwhenyoucleanmybedroom?Aa；anBa；theCthe；anDthe；the【解析】第一空表示特指，应用定冠词，第二空keepaneyeoutforsb./sth.意为“留心或注意某人或某物”。【答案】C,剖析2个高考句型1.HIVisspreadingacrosstheworldatahighrate,with_about_7,000_people_catching_the_virus_daily.HIV正以很高的速度蔓延全世界，每天大约有7000人感染这种病毒。句法分析：本句中用了with的复合结构“withn./pron.doing”在句中作状语。with的复合结构可作定语或状语，常见形式：with宾语形容词副词介词短语动词ing形式动词ed形式动词不定式等。,Iliketosleepwiththewindowsopen.我喜欢开着窗户睡觉。With_the_meal_over,_weallwenthome.吃完饭，我们都回家了。Thesoldierhadhimstandwith_his_back_towards_his_father.士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站着。With_a_lot_of_work_to_do,_hewasntallowedtogoout.因为还有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。,2(教材P35)Theworkofinternationalorganizationsisevenmoreimportantwhenyouconsiderhowmuchmoreseverethesituationcouldbecome.当考虑到这一形势会变得有多么严峻时，国际组织的工作就显得更加重要了。句法分析：本句是复合句，when引导时间状语从句；how引导名词性从句，作动词consider的宾语。时间状语从句由when，as，which，after，before，till，until，assoonas，once，since，bythetime，themoment等引导。,SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhenIwassleeping.当我正在睡觉时，有人敲门。As_we_were_going_out，itbegantosnow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。The_moment_I_heard_the_news，Ihastenedtothespot.我一听到信息，马上赶到了出事地点。,高考链接(2012山东高考)Hesmiledpolitely_Maryapologizedforherdrunkenfriends.AasBifCunlessDthough,【解析】句意：当玛丽因她醉酒的朋友向他道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。if“如果”，引导条件状语从句；unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句；though“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句；as可引导时间状语从句，表示主从句动作同时发生或前后紧接着发生，常常译为“(正当)的时候，随着，一边一边”，故只有as符合句意。【答案】A,句型对点集训.单项填空1InBritain，packetsofcigarettescomewithagovernmenthealthwarning_them.AattachtoBattachingtoCattachedtoDtoattachto【解析】在with复合结构中，healthwarning与宾语补足语attachto之间构成被动关系。【答案】C,2_hecantunderstandis_hissondoesntliketheschool.Heisveryupsetaboutthis.AThat；whyBWhy；thatCWhat；whyDWhether；that【解析】本句中有两个从句，前一个是主语从句，后一个是表语从句。understand缺宾语，选what，表语从句缺原因状语，选why。【答案】C,3Everything_intoconsideration，theyoughttohaveanotherchance.AtotakeBtakenCtobetakenDtaking【解析】everythingtakenintoconsideration是独立主格结构，意为“把一切考虑在内”。【答案】B,4(2014长沙市高三调研测试)Theproblemofraisingworkerssalaryishard_.AtobesolvedBtosolveCtosolvingDofsolving【解析】behardtodosth.，形容词hard之后只能接不定式的主动形式，不能接被动形式。【答案】B,5Peterwassoexcited_hereceivedaninvitationfromhisfriendtovisitChongqing_hefeltontopoftheworld.Awhen；whoBthat；thatCwhen；thatDthat；where【解析】考查连词。句意：皮特收到朋友邀请他去重庆游玩的邀请函时(when)，是如此高兴以至于(that)他感觉幸福到极点。再分析句子结构可知：when引导时间状语从句；另外还含有so.that.固定结构。【答案】C,.完成句子1当我进去的时候，他正在工作。Hewasworking_.2这个句子很容易翻译。Thesentenceiseasy_.3这事情够困难的了，本来可能会更糟呢。Itsdifficultenough，but_.【答案】1.whenIwentin2.totranslate3.itcouldhavebeenworse,
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