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选修8,Unit22EnvironmentalProtection,-3-,主题语境:世界与环境,-4-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,1.reservevi.储备;保存;保留;预订n.保护区;储备;保留;储备金;储藏量高考佳句Havingcreatedninesuch,Norphelcalculatesthathehasstoredabout200,000m3ofwater.Norphel已经创建了九个这样的冰储备,计算出他已经储存了大约20万立方米的水。(2017江苏卷,阅读理解D篇)(1)reservesthforsb为某人保留/预定某物anaturereserve自然保护区inreserve贮存;备用(2)reservationn.保留;预订(房间、座位等)makeareservation预订(座位、房间等)withoutreservation毫无保留地,icereserves,-5-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)用reserve或其短语的恰当形式填空Couldyouformeinyourcity?你能在你们城市为我预订一家宾馆吗?Thegovernmentisplanningtosetupmore.政府正计划建立更多的自然保护区。Iwillcalltherestaurantand.我要给饭店打个电话预订桌位。(2)单句语法填空Thepowerofimaginationneednotbereservedchildrenonly.想象的力量不必仅仅为儿童保留。(2013广东卷,阅读理解A篇),reserveahotel,naturereserves,makeareservation,for,-6-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,2.beyondprep.超出adv.在远处高考佳句,though,furtherstresswillonlyleadtoexhaustion,illnessandfinallyabreakdown.然而,超过某一点,进一步的压力将只会导致疲惫、疾病,最终导致崩溃。(2016上海卷,语法与词汇),Beyondacertainpoint,-7-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,beyondcontrol无法控制beyondwords难以言表,无法形容beyondcompare无与伦比的beyondmidnight午夜以后beyondsbspower某人力所不及的beyondonesimagination/description超乎想象/无法描述beyondbelief/doubt令人难以置信/毫无疑问beyondrepair/reach无法修理/够不着Itsbeyondmewhy/what.我无法理解为什么/什么,-8-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)用beyond或其短语的恰当形式填空So,alwaystrytolivealittlebitandyoullfindyourabilitiesaregreaterthanyoueverdreamed.所以,总是努力超越一点你的能力去生活你将会发现你的能力比你曾梦想的更大。(2015天津卷,阅读理解D篇)Howawomancanknowanythingaboutthatis.一位女士竟然熟知那样的事情是我所不能理解的。(2013福建卷,阅读理解D篇),(2)写作升级Hetoldushisstorywhichwaswhatwecouldntimagine.满分表达Hetoldushisstory.,beyondyourabilities,beyondme,beyondourimagination,-9-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,3.claimvt.无资格得到makeaclaimfor对(赔偿等)提出要求,toclaimthedog,-10-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)单句语法填空Doctorsclaimed(discover)acureforthedisease.医生声称已经找到了治疗该疾病的方法。Theyhadnoclaimtheland,whichwasbelievedtoberichinoil.他们无权索要那块人们认为有丰富石油的土地。(2)完成句子Theremightbeanopportunity.可能有机会索赔。,tohavediscovered,on,toclaim,-11-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,4.relevantadj.有关的;切题的高考佳句Moreover,IcompletedtheseniorcourseofComputerBasics,plusfivepre-collegecourses.此外,我完成了计算机基础知识的高级课程,还有五门相关的大学前课程。(2016北京卷,阅读理解A篇)(1)relevantinformation相关信息berelevantto和有关(=havesthtodowith)(2)relevancen.相关,贴切,关联性relevantlyadv.有关地;切题地,relevant,-12-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)用relevant或其短语的恰当形式填空Idontthinkwhathesaidthetopicwearediscussing.我认为他所说的与我们正在讨论的话题毫无关联。Wereceivedallthe.我们收到了所有的相关信息。(2)写作升级Whatexperiencedoyouhaverelatedtothisposition?满分表达Whatexperiencedoyouhavethisposition?,isrelevantto,relevantinformation,that/whichisrelevantto,-13-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,5.advocatevt.主张,提倡n.提倡者,倡导者;拥护者高考佳句Someimmigrantworrythatashardfinancialtimesmakeitmoredifficultfornativestokeepjobs.一些移民倡导者担心这一点,因为在艰难的财务时期使得当地人较难以保住工作。(2017江苏卷,阅读理解D篇)(1)advocatethat.(should)dosth主张,提倡advocatedoingsth提倡做某事anadvocateof/forsb/sth支持某人/某事的人(2)advocacyn.拥护,advocates,-14-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)单句语法填空Thepartyadvocates(take)measurestostopthestrike.那个政党主张采取措施阻止罢工。Dontexpecthimtobeadvocateoftheplan.别指望他支持这个计划。(2)单句改错Theyadvocatedeveryonewoulddonatesomemoneytotheearthquake-strickenarea.,taking,an,wouldshould或去掉would,-15-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,6.substituten.代替者;代替品,代用品vt.代替,取代高考佳句Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceitsallbutimpossibletofind.不幸的是,你必须随身携带必要的设备,因为找到天然替代品几乎是不可能的。(2017全国卷,阅读理解D篇)asubstitutefor.的代替者(品)substituteforsb/sth(用)代替;取代substituteAforB/substituteBwith/byA用A代替B,naturalsubstitutes,-16-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)完成句子Ifweeachletter,themessage“Meetme”wouldread“135520135.”如果我们把每个字母都用一个数字代替,信息“Meetme”就会读成“135520135”。(2016全国卷,七选五)(2)单句语法填空Hisfatheronlysawhimasasubstitutehisdeadbrother.他父亲只是把他当作他死去的哥哥来看待。,substituteanumberfor,for,-17-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,(3)单句改错Wesubstitutedablueballforaredonetoseeifthebabywouldnotice.,forby/with,-18-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,1.referto提到;谈及;参考;查阅高考佳句Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3?第3段中画线单词“that”指什么?(2017全国卷,阅读理解C篇)(1)refertothedictionary/notes查字典/笔记(2)referencen.提及;查阅areferencebook参考书,referto,-19-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)写出下列各句中referto的意义AgreatAmerican,JamesMadison,referredto:“Thecapacity(能力)ofmankindforself-government.”(2015江苏卷,阅读理解D篇)If,oneweekfromthedateofwrittennotice,thepetisnotremoved,thestudentisreferredtotheStudentCourt.WhenIsaidsomeonewaslazy,Ididntrefertoyou.Yourenotallowedtorefertoyournoteswhenansweringthequestions.,提及提交指的是参考,查阅,-20-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,(2)写作升级IfIdontknowawordinthearticle,canIlookitupinadictionary?满分表达IfIdontknowawordinthearticle,canIadictionary?,referto,-21-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,2.lookahead展望未来经典例句NowIcanrememberwithoutmourning,andbegintolookahead.如今回首往事我已不再感到悲痛,并且开始展望未来。lookback回顾lookaround环顾lookinto调查lookout当心;向外看lookthrough浏览lookforwardto期盼lookdownon/upon轻视,看不起lookupto尊敬;仰慕lookup抬头看;查阅lookover检查(身体等),-22-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练用含look的短语的恰当形式填空,Ihonestlydontknowhowshedidit.回首往事,老实说我不知道她是如何做的。(2016浙江卷,阅读理解D篇)OnceIsomethingontheInternet,Idontneedtokeepallthedetailsforfutureuse.一旦我在网上查阅什么时,我就不必把所有的细节都保存下来以供将来使用。(2016江苏卷,任务型阅读)Twoboyswerelostandthepolicethematter.两个男孩失踪了,警察正在调查这件事。,Lookingback,lookup,werelookinginto,-23-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,Thekidswereveryfriendlywithherandevenherasifsheweretheirownmother.孩子们对她很友好,甚至仰慕她,如同她是他们自己的妈妈。(2016上海卷,语法与词汇),wearequiteconfidentofourselves.展望未来,我们信心十足。,lookedupto,Lookingahead,-24-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,3.inturn依次,轮流地;反过来高考佳句IwouldntscoldanyonefordecidingtopartyonweekendsandIwouldntexpectanyonetogiveoffencetomeforfocusingonmyhealth.我不会因决定在周末聚会而责骂人,反过来,我也不希望有人因关注我的健康而触怒我。(2015福建卷,阅读理解E篇)byturns轮流taketurnstodo/doingsth轮流做某事Itsonesturntodosth轮到某人做某事。词义精析(1)inturn表示依次、转而、反过来;(2)inreturn作为报答;作为交换(常和介词for连用)。,inturn,-25-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)完成句子Laughteroverthesandwichcanleadtoinsults,canleadtoviolence.笑着谈论那块三明治可能会导致侮辱,这相应地可能会导致暴力。(2012浙江卷,阅读理解C篇)(2)用inturn和inreturn填空,however,thispassagewillhelpyoutothinklikeaneconomist.然而,作为回报,这段文章将帮助你像一位经济学家那样思考。(2014江苏卷,阅读理解B篇),whichinturn,Inreturn,-26-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,Theoryisbasedonpracticeandservespractice.理论以实践为基础,反过来又为实践服务。Axaniwroteinhispostthatheisnotlookingforanything.Axani在邮件中写到,他并不寻求任何回报。(2017全国卷,完形填空),inturn,inreturn,-27-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,4.ononesbehalf代表高考佳句ourschool,Iwouldliketoexpressourwarmwelcometoyou.我代表学校对你们表达我们热烈的欢迎。(2014陕西卷,书面表达)ononesbehalf=onbehalfofsb代表inbehalfofsb=insbsbehalf为帮助某人,Onbehalfof,-28-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)完成句子Wecollectedmoneythepoorstudents.我们为帮助贫困学生而筹集资金。(2)写作升级Idliketorepresentallmyclassmatestodeliveraspeechtoexpressourappreciationtoourteachers.满分表达allmyclassmates,Idliketodeliveraspeechtoexpressourappreciationtoourteachers.,inbehalfof,Onbehalfof,-29-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,5.apartfrom除了之外(和asidefrom意义用法均相同)高考佳句goodservice,therestaurantoffersdifferentkindsoftraditionalFujiandishes.除了良好的服务,这家餐馆还提供不同种类的传统闽菜。(2011福建卷,22)takesthapart将拆开;拆分tell.apart分辨出fallapart破裂;断裂;散开,Apart/Asidefrom,-30-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,词义精析(1)except意为“除之外(没有)”,常用于排除同类事物(除去整体中的一部分),并用于表示绝对肯定或绝对否定的词之后,如no,none,nothing,all,any,everyone,everything等。其后可接名词、代词、介词短语,或that/what等引导的从句。(2)besides意为“除了之外(还有)”,包括排除的事物,另外,它也可用作副词而单独使用。(3)exceptfor常用于对整体进行肯定,对局部细节加以否定。(4)apartfrom/asidefrom兼有besides,except(for)的意义和用法。,-31-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练用except,besides,exceptfor和apartfrom/asidefrom填空AllofthestudentswenthikinglastweekendAndy,whowasillinhospital.Peoplechoosejobsforotherreasonsmoney.Everythingwentwellthebadweather.,except/apartfrom/asidefrom,besides/apartfrom/asidefrom,exceptfor/apartfrom/asidefrom,-32-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,1.Giventhisdata,itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence.(Page6)根据这一数据判断,人类活动与全球变暖之间的关系似乎不仅仅只是一个巧合。giventhat.句型(1)句中givenprep.“考虑到,鉴于”。given后接表示事物性的名词(短语),并通常位于句首,也可置于句末,且常用逗号与其后面的句子隔开,整个介词短语在句中做状语。(2)表示“考虑到”时,given后还可接that从句。同时,given做形容词时,表示“规定的”。(3)类似地,considering(顾及;考虑到),accordingto(根据),concerning(关于)等均为介词(短语)。,-33-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,四维热练完成句子anewsurvey(调查)bytheNationalSleepFoundation,51%ofkidsaged10to18gotobedat10pmorlateronschoolnights,eventhoughtheyhavetogetupearly.根据一项由国际睡眠基金会进行的新的调查表明,51%10至18岁的孩子,即使他们必须早起,晚上也是在10点或更晚的时候睡觉。(2017浙江卷,阅读理解B篇)Itseemsreasonabletosendhimtodothejob,heisdoingquitewell.考虑到他做得很好,派他去做这项工作似乎是很合理的。,Accordingto,given/consideringthat,-34-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,theresearcherswouldhavebeenabletodiscovermoreinthisfield.如果有足够的时间和金钱,那些研究者早就能够发现这个领域更多的东西了。,Givenenoughtimeandmoney,-35-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,2.Howcanwestopthesedisastersfromhappening?(Page6)我们如何才能阻止这些灾难的发生?stop.fromdoingsth句型(1)句中stop.fromdoing表示“阻止做”,其中from可以省略。(2)类似地,preventsb(from)doingsth及keepsbfromdoingsth也表示“防止/阻止某人做某事”,但keepsbdoingsth则表示“让某人继续做某事”。,-36-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,四维热练(1)完成句子Theprocessestakeplacetoloadedwithmemories.进行这些过程来阻止我们大脑承受记忆负担。(2017北京卷,七选五)Dr.Welchneededmedicineassoonaspossibleto.Welch博士尽可能快地需要药物来阻止其他孩子生病。(2016北京卷,完形填空),stopourbrainsbecoming,stopotherkidsfromgettingsick,-37-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,Sure,Icouldhaveaskedher,butsomethingso.当然,我本可以问她,但有件事阻止了我去问了。(2017天津卷,阅读理解B篇)(2)单句改错XuBeihongspaintingskeepusfromimagining.徐悲鸿的画让我们去想象。,preventedmefromdoing,去掉from,-38-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,3.Butwhywaitaroundforgovernmentstotakeaction?(Page6)但是为什么要等着政府来采取行动呢?Whydo.?句型(1)Whydo.?表示“为什么做呢?”,该句型在口语中很常用,其否定形式为Whynotdo.?表示“为什么不做呢?”(2)how,where,when等疑问词没有why类似的用法,但它们可以和动词不定式连用,在句中充当一个成分,而why则没有此用法。,-39-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,四维热练(1)完成句子?Wecanstayathomeandwatchfilmsonline.为什么要麻烦?我们可以留在家里在线观看电影。Butnow?但是为什么不现在开始呢?(2016四川卷,阅读理解B篇)Wedebatedoverintothevideo.我们讨论了在录像中放入什么内容。,Whybother,whynotstart,whattoput,-40-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,(2)写作升级Herearefourcommonemailaccidents,andhowwecanrecover.满分表达Herearefourcommonemailaccidents,and.(2017天津卷,阅读理解A篇),howtorecover,-41-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,4.OneoftheislandsishometoagianttortoisenamedLonesomeGeorge.(Page9)其中一个小岛是一个叫LonesomeGeorge的巨龟的家园。behometo句型behometo.表示“是的家园,是的发祥地,是的居住地”,在home前不可用冠词。,-42-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,四维热练(1)完成句子Withoutdoubt,QinghuaUniversityfoundedin1911ismanyoutstandingfigures.毫无疑问建于1911年的清华大学是许多杰出人物的家园。(2)单句改错Theforestisahometovariouswildanimals,butnowithasbeendestroyed.,hometo,去掉a,-43-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,5.Thelastfewyearshaveseenenvironmentaldisastersonagrandscale,andexpertsarepredictingfarworsetocome.(Page10)近几年一些环境灾难大规模地出现,专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。一段时间+haveseen.句型(1)“一段时间+haveseen.”表示“(时间)见证了”,此处see也可用witness代替。(2)此处的动词see使用的是拟人修辞手法。拟人修辞手法把事物人格化,使本来不具备人的动作和感情的动物或植物变得像人一样能说能笑。(3)英语中使用拟人修辞手法的句子,主语通常是表示时间、地点、心爱之物等的名词,如车、船等。谓语则常是see,witness,find,make,bring,cause,give,experience等。,-44-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,四维热练完成句子twoworldwars.20世纪见证了两次世界大战。Anotherhoursridethefootofthehill.再往前驱车一小时,我们就可以到达山脚下了。,The20thcenturysaw/witnessed,willbringusto,
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