2019-2020年高中英语 Unit 1 Grammar练习 新人教版必修2.doc

2019-2020年高中英语 Unit 1 Grammar练习 新人教版必修2非谓语动词，主要指在句中表示一个动作但不能充当谓语，而是充当其他语法功能的词。非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)，现在分词和动名词也可统称为动词的-ing形式。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但是有语态和时态的变化。 动词不定式 考点一 动词不定式的基本形式时态构成被动形式一般式完成式进行式to doto have doneto be doingto be doneto have been done 1动词不定式的一般式 一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语所表示的动作(状态)同时(几乎同时)发生，或是在它之后发生。如： They invited us to go there this summer他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。 2动词不定式的完成式 完成式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态之前。如： I am sorry to have kept you waiting(=I am sorry that I have kept you waiting) 3动词不定式的进行式 进行式表示的动作或状态在谓语动词表示的动作或状态发生时正在进行。如： They pretended to be working very hard他们假装在努力工作。 4动词不定式的被动式 The next thing to be done is to get our classroom painted下一步要做的事是把我们的教室粉刷一次。 5动词不定式的完成被动式 She seems to have been told everything看来她都知道了。 6动词不定式的否定式动词不定式的否定式是在to前面加not，(有时强调也用never)如： She decided not to be late again她决定不再迟到了。 He promises never to make such a stupid mistake他许诺不再犯这样愚蠢的错误了。 考点二 动词不定式的基本用法 动词不定式具有副词、形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作状语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语和主语等成分。 1作主语 如：To save time is to lengthen life节约时间就等于延长了人的生命。 但是这种句子实际上不多见。现代英语倾向于用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语不定式后置。如：It would be best to tell him the truth最好把真实情况告诉他。 It is quite necessary for us to learn English well我们学好英语很有必要。 注意 在“It iswas+形容词+不定式的复合结构”句型中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应为of。Its very kind of you to help me谢谢你帮助我。2作表语。如： His greatest wish was to be a famous artist他的最大愿望是成为一位著名的艺术家。 3作宾语。如：They decided to begin the experiment at once他们决定马上开始那项试验。 另外，在某些动词后，可用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正宾语。常见的动词有find，think consider，feel，make等。如： They find it difficult to repay the money他们发现还钱有些困难。 Do you think it possible to finish the work in time? 你认为及时完成这项任务有可能吗? 4作补语。如： Please ask John to turn on the light请让约翰开灯。(宾补) 在被动语态的句子中即成为主语补足语。 (1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾补。如：ask，want，invite，get，force，expect，allow，persuade，order，warn，remind，prefer，cause，permit，forbid，advise，teach等。如：He encouraged me to talk to him in English他鼓励我用英语同他谈话。 (2)在使役动词make，have，let和感官动词see，watch，notice，observe，feel，hear，listen to，look at等动词后接不定式作宾补，不定式不带to，表示做某事的全过程。当它们转换成被动语态时，作为主语补足语的不定式必须带to。如：Nobody saw him e in没人看见他进来。 She was seen to enter the room last night(3)在动词help后，作宾补和宾语的不定式符号to带不带都可以。如： He often helps (to) do some housework at home他经常在家帮着做家务。(4)在think，consider，believe，suppose，feel，find，imagine，prove等动词的宾语后可以带to be结构，也可省略to be。这种结构在书面语中用得较多。如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，常用不定式的完成式。如：They found the answer(to be)satisfactory他们对答复感到满意。 We considered him to have acted cxcellently. 我们认为他干得很出色。 5作定语 (1)动词不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。如： He said he had an important meeting to attend他说他有一个重要的会议要参加。 (2)如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。如： Give me a piece of paper to write on给我一张纸写字。He is looking for a room to live in他在寻找一间居住的房子。注意 用作定语的不定式为“动词+介词”时，介词不能省略。如： a piece of paper to write on一张可写字的纸 a nice place to live in一个居住的好地方 (3)当名词被first，last，second以及only等词修饰时，其后可用不定式作定语。且充当定语的不定式不含有将来意义或情态意义，却经常含有过去时意义。She was the first (person) to e她是第一个来的。They were the last guests to arrive(4)用不定式的主动式或被动式作定语表达的意义不同。如：Do you have anything to take to the library? 你有什么东西需要拿到图书馆去吗?(你亲自拿去) Do you have anything to be taken to the library? 你有什么东西需要带到图书馆去吗?(由别人带去) (5)there be句型中修饰主语时，用主动式或被动式均可。如： Theres a lot of work to doto be done有许多工作要做。 There are six letters to writeto be written today今天有6封信要写。 注意 句中不定式如有逻辑主语，则只用主动语态。如： There is nothing for me to do today今天我没有什么事可做。 6作状语 不定式常可用来作状语，修饰动词，表示行为目的、结果、原因等。 (1)作目的状语。如：I opened the window to let fresh air in. 我打开窗户好让新鲜空气进来。 不定式表目的时，也常用在in order(not)to do或so as(not)to do这种结构中，但so as(not)to do这一结构不用在句首。 (2)作结果状语 only常用在不定式的前面，作结果状语。它常常表示出乎意料的结果，而用现在分词作结果状语则表示自然的结果。 He hurried to the station only to find the train gone 他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站，发现火车已经开走了。 A lot of good land has gone with them，leaving only sand许多好的绿地也随之消失了，留下的只是沙漠。 (3)作原因状语 动词不定式也可用在作表语用的形容词后作状语，说明产生的原因。常见的形容词有：sorry，surprised，glad，willing，eagerready，content，anxious等。如： Im sorry to give you trouble很抱歉我要给你添麻烦。 考点三 动词不定式的省略 1当几个动词不定式作为并列成分出现在句中时，只在第一个不定式前加上to，其他不定式前的to均可省略。 He asked me to e in and sit down他请我进来坐下。 It is quite necessary for us to read more and have more practice我们多读一些，多做些练习是非常必要的。 注意 前后两个不定式对比意味很强时，不定式符号to是不可以省去的。如： The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，not to make it more difficult 新技术的目的是为了让生活更舒适。而不是使生活更艰难。 2在like(would like)，love(would love)，hope，hate，need，try，want，wish，plan，mean等动词后，used to，be going to结构后，以及be glad，be willing，be happy等词语后，不定式内容根据上下文内容可以省略，但需要保留不定式符号to，代替整个不定式内容。 Would you like to go to the cinema?你愿意去看电影吗? Id love to我愿意。 Have you visited Mr Smith in hospital?你去医院看过史密斯先生吗? Not yet，but Im going to还没有，不过我正准备去看望他。 3在介词but，except，besides，than，save等表示“除了”之意的词前，若有实义动词do时，常用无to的不定式作其介词的宾语，若无实义动词do，则用带to的动词不定式。He was not able to do anything butexcept wait除了等待他什么也做不了。 He had no choice but to give in除了让步他别无选择。 4在下列固定词组或短语之后要跟不带to的不定式。 had better./ had best. 最好 would rather.(than.)/ would.rather than. 宁愿(也不) cannot help but./ cannot but./ can but./ cannot choose but. 不得不，只得 maymight as well不妨，还是的好 Its raining hardI cannot help but stay at home天在下大雨，我只好留在家里。 考点四 评论性动词不定式 有些不定式常用来表示说话人对所谈的内容所持的态度和看法，即对句子内容的评论，故称为评论性动词不定式，也称独立不定式。 To be honest，I dont like the colour of this coat说实话，我不喜欢这件外套的颜色。 To tell(you)the truth，she is not the right person for the job(对你)说实话，她不是干这工作的合适人选。 考点五 动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 1不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾关系，并且不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如：I have two letters to answer我有两封信要回。 2有些结构中，不定式表达被动意义，却用主动形式，因为可以在句子中找到不定式这个动作的发出者。如： Give her some books to read给她一些书看。 Would you bring me a bench to sit on? 你能给我拿个凳子坐吗? 3某些动词的不定式与be连用时，常见的有to blame，to rent等。如： The house is to rent房子要出租。 He is to blame for not driving carefully他粗心驾驶应受到责备 动名词 考点一 动名词的基本形式动名词主动被动一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done 1动名词的一般式 She dreams of being a lawyer她梦想成为一名律师。 2动名词的完成式 完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如： He was praised for having done a good deed他因做了好事而受到表扬。 3动名词的被动式 He remembers being taken to Beijing at the age of ten他记得10岁时被带到北京。 They attended the meeting without being invited他们没有受到邀请就去参加了会议。 4动名词的完成被动式 We were all excited for having been praised我们因为受到了表扬而很兴奋。 5动名词的否定式 动名词的否定结构由not+动名词组成。如： You have no excuse for not going你没有理由不去。 He was punished for not having done his homework 他因为没做完作业而受到惩罚。 考点二 动名词的基本用法 动名词在句子中起名词的作用。 1作主语 动名词常被看作单数不可数名词。它作主语时，谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式。Reading is important in learning English学英语，阅读是很重要.动名词作主语时，与动词不定式作主语相似，常可用形式主语it，而把真正主语即动名词短语移到句末。如：It is really tiring working late like this工作到这么晚真是累死人。 2作表语 His hobby is collecting stamps他爱好集邮。 3作宾语 动名词除可作动词宾语外，还可以作介词宾语。 Please stop writing请不要写了。 I look forward to seeing him again我盼望再次见到他。 (1)能带动名词作宾语的动词有：advise建议 consider考虑 admit承认 appreciate感谢 mind介意 suggest建议 avoid避免 delay推迟 imagine想象 enjoy喜欢 practise练习 escape逃避 allow允许 permit允许 forbid禁止 miss错过 (2)由“动词+介词”构成的短语，其后可跟动名词作宾语。如： beget used to习惯于 look forward to期望 feel like想要 succeed in成功 insist on坚持 get down to开始认真做某事 devote.to.把献于 set about开始 put off推迟 give up放弃 4作定语 动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。 a waiting room候车(诊)室 a washing machine洗衣机 a hiding place藏身处 考点三 动名词的复合结构 由形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格加动名词构成动名词的复合结构，在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语等。如： Do you mind myme smoking here?我在这儿抽支烟可以吗? I insisted on my husbandhusbands paying the bill我坚持要我丈夫付账。 (1)在口语和非正式英语中，这种结构如不用在句首，常用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，用名词普通格代替所有格。如： There are many reasons for animals dying out动物的灭绝有很多原因。 The mothers worry is her son making trouble for the family这位母亲担心的是她儿子给家里惹麻烦。 (2)如果动名词的复合结构在句首，就必须用形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格。如：His smoking caused the fire in the forest他抽烟引起了这场森林火灾。Marys ing late made her teacher angry玛丽的迟到使她的老师很生气。 (3)there be的动名词的复合结构为there being。如：Whist the chance of there being a rain tomorrow? 明天下雨的可能性有多大?（4）动名词可用于简略语中，与no连用，表示禁止，相当于句子省略了谓语。如： No Smoking! 禁止吸烟! No Parking! 禁止停车! No Spitting! 禁止随地吐痰! 考点一 动词不定式与动名词作主语的区别 1动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别： (1)在很多情况下动名词作主语与不定式作主语没有明显的不同。 Seeing is believing / To see is to believe眼见为实。 (2)不定式可以表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作，而动名词则表示通常的情况。如：To make full use of the waste we throw away every day is a good idea充分利用我们每天丢掉的废物是个好主意。 Painting is an art绘画是一门艺术。 考点二 动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别 1在某些动词之后既可以跟动名词又可以跟不定式作其宾语，两种形式在意义上差别不大，如：begin，start，intend，attempt，continue，omit，cease，mence，like，love，hate等。 He started crying(to cry)他哭了起来。 Prices will continue rising(to rise)物价将继续上涨。 (1)like，love，hate，prefer及dream等词，其后跟不定式和动名词含义差别不大，但略有不同。用不定式作宾语时，表示特定的、有待于做的动作；用动名词作宾语时，则表示一般的行为或一个经常性的习惯性的动作。 I like swimming，but I dont like to swim today 我喜欢游泳，但我今天不想游泳。 (2)在would like，would love，would prefer等后面，通常要用动词不定式。 I would love to see you every day我很想天天见到你。 2有些动词后跟动名词与后跟不定式意义差别较大，最常见的有： (1)try to do努力做某事，企图做(某事) / try doing试着尝试做(某事) 如：It tried to fly away，but one wing was broken它想飞走，但一只翅膀受伤了。 He tried to prove that his idea was practical 他试图证明他的想法是切实可行的。 (2)rememberforgetregret之后加 to do（表示这件事情尚未发生） doinghaving done(表示这件事情已经发生或完成) Do you remember meeting me at a party last year? 你还记得去年在一次聚会上你见过我吗?I regret to tell you that you ve failed in the exam. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试没及格。 (3)mean to do意欲打算想要干mean doing意味着意思是 如：I didnt mean to hurt you我本无意伤害你的感情。 Doing morning exercises means getting up early做早操意味着早起床。 (4)cant help (to) do不能帮忙做/ cant help doing禁不住做 如：Im afraid I cant help (to) repair the car恐怕我不能帮着修理汽车了。 Hearing the news，he couldnt help laughing 听到那个消息，他禁不住大笑起来。 (5) need，want，require作“需要”讲时，用动名词表示被动意义，也可用不定式的被动式。如：The gate needswantsrequires mending门需要修理。 =The gate needswantsrequires to be mended 3下列动词只能用不定式作宾语 decidedetermine，learn，want，expecthopewish refuse，manage，care，pretend offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，askbeg，help 下列动词只能用动名词作宾语， consider，suggestadvise，look forward to，excusepardon；admit，delayput off，fancy(想象，设想)；avoid，miss，keepkeep on，practice；deny，finish，enjoyappreciate；forbid，imagine，risk；cant help，mind，allowpermit，escape。 4.get也能当作使役动词，表示“使、让、叫”之意，相当于have，但二者也有所不同。have sbdo sth/ get sbto do sth使让叫某人去做某事have sthdone=get sthdone使让某事由别人去做 have sbsthdoing使让某人物持续地做某事 get sbsthdoing使某人物开始行动起来 The teacher had us readgot us to read the text aloud老师让我们大声朗读课文。 Youd better haveget your hair cut你最好把头发理一下。He managed to get the horse running他努力让马跑了起来。巩固练习1. AIDS is said _ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years Athat it is Bto be C.that has been D.to have been2. Where is Smith? He said he would meet us here at three o clock? He seems _ with MrBrown in the office Ato talk Btalking C.to be talking Bto have talked3.The plan _ for the trip next week is very important Amade Bto be made Cmaking Dhas been made4. Your sister is said _ in the supermarket when she was doing shopping yesterday Ato be treated badly Bto have been treated badlyCbeing badly treated Dtreating badly5. The teacher asked us _ so much noise Adont make Bnot make Cnot making Dnot to make6. It is silly of me _ all eggs in one basketThat was the worst mistake I ve ever made Ato put Bto have put Cputting Dhaving put7. My job was to wash bottles，which would then be filled with wine，or _ the filled bottles in boxes Ato put Bputting Chaving put Dbeing put8. Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，emailing.but we seem _the art of municating facetoface.Alosing Bto be losing Cto be lost Dhaving lost9. He felt it a great honour _ to visit me when I was in his city Ato have been taken Bto have taken Chaving taken Dbeing taken10. They knew her very wellThey had seen her _ up from childhood Agrow Bgrew Cgrowing Dto grow11. Why did you sell this old TV at such a low price? I did it only because I was made _ so Ado Bto do Cdoing Dto doing12 Excuse me sir，where is Room 301? Just a minuteI ll have Bob _ you to your room Ashow Bshows Cto show Dshowing13. MrBrown，whom I couldnt get _ my offer，always liked doing things on his own. Ato accept Baccept Caccepting Daccepted14. Will you be able to attend the lecture _ next week? Agiving Bgiven Cto be given Dbeing given15. _ this cake，you ll need 2 eggs，175g sugar and 175g flour AHaving made BMake CTo make DMaking16. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music Amaking herself hear Bto make herself hear Cmaking herself heard Dto make herself heard17. The new reporters hurried to the airport，only _ the film star had left Ato tell Bto be told Ctelling Dtold18. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports stars Ahad Bhaving Cto have D have19. You should have thanked her before she left I meant _ ，but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere Ato do Bto Cdoing Ddoing so20. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong Aadmit Badmitted Cadmitting Dto admit21. Rather than _ on a crowded bus，he always prefers _ a bicycle Aride；fide Briding；ride Cride；to ride Dto ride；riding22. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week，better _ ityou ve got some big bills ing Aforget Bforgot Cforgetting Dto forget23. Id rather have a room of my own，however small it is，than _ a room with someone elseAshare Bto share Csharing Dto have shared24 I usually go there by train Why not _ by boat for a change? Ato try going Btrying to go Cto try and go Dtry going25 I ve worked with children before，so I know what _ in my new job Aexpected Bto expect Cto be expecting Dexpects26. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.AspeakingBhaving spokenCto speakDto have spoken27. I like getting up very early in summer The morning air is so good _ . Ato be breathed Bto breathe Cbreathing Dbeing breathed28. When the customer caught the shop owner _ him, she stopped _ things there and started dealing with another shop. A. cheating; to buy B. to cheat; buyingC. cheating; buyingD. to cheat; to buy29. It is difficult to imagine his _ the decision without any consideration Aaccept Baccepting Cto accept Daccepted30. What worried the boy most was _ to visit his father in the hospital Ahis not allowing Bhis not being allowed Chaving not been allowed Dhis being not allowed31. Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan Ahis being not able Bhim not to be able Chis not being able Dhim to be not able32. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview _ the answers ready will be of great help ATo have had BHaving had CHave DHaving33 I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island Ato have had time Bhaving time Cto have time Dto having time34. MrReed make up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children Aset up Bsetting up Chave set up Dhaving set up35 Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers? Amark Bbe marked Cbeing marked Dmarking36 The old man is walking hard against winds with a _ stick in his handLets help him Awalk Bwalked Cwalking Dwalker37 _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragementAThe president will attend BThe president to attend CThe president attended DThe presidents attending38 The discovery of new evidence led to _ . Athe thief having caught Bcatch the thief Cthe thief being caught Dthe thief to be caught 39Henry doesnt seem like the same person _ so much in the war has made him more thoughtful AFor him to see BHis seeing CHaving seen DTo have seen40. Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _ to achieve the final success. A. being doneB. doC. to be doneD. to do41. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will be important for us.A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made42. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate43. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ his plane high up in the sky.A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found44 I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound45. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _.A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash46 .If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet47. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. corrects B. correct C.to correct D. correcting48. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on.A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched49 He got up late and hurried to his office, _the breakfast untouched. A. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having left50. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _in the South China Sea.A. attacking B. having attacked C. being attacked D. having been attacked51. I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should cither study regularly or_his job.A. quitsB. to quitC. quittingD. quit52. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better silent.A. remainB. be remainingC. having remained D. to remain53. Prices began to climb noticeably last year，_a historical high in November.A. hit B. to hit C. hitting D. being hit54. _ the housing price, several measures have been adopted in the last two years.A. Lowering B. Having lowered C. To lower D. To have lowered 55I wish that the elderly would live in fort without worry or health problems in the years they have Aleft Bleaving Cto leave Dbeing left 56. I appreciated the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. A. to have given B. to have been given C. having given D. having been given 57. - Whom did you _ the wall? - Jack. There_ masses of things for him to do, but he managed to finish the work as required.A. have painted; wasB. have paint; were C. have to paint; wereD. have paint; was58. As workers and as citizens, we need to be able to think beyond our own self-interest and _ what is right under the ci