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专题二阅读填空,本题型主要考查考生的阅读理解能力、语篇分析能力以及对上下文逻辑关系的判断能力。通过对近三年高考题的分析可知：1.此类题型题目设置难度不大，通过上下文的词汇或短语提示，均可找到明确的答案，但选项中有两项特征相似或相近，要求考生仔细阅读文段，确定合适的答案。2.考点分布合理，突出主题句、详述句及平行句的考查，注重考查考生把握上下文逻辑关系的能力。,考情分析,3.根据此类题型特点，预计2016年在考查形式上不会有太大变化。在文章的选材方面可能会更富有灵活性，会出现一些生活气息较浓的文章或者一些趣味性的话题。,做阅读填空首先是通读全文，大体掌握文章大意，然后通读答案，迅速找出和文章相对应的关键词，将选项填入文中，再次通读全文，研究多余选项，最终确定答案。,基本步骤,1.先看选项，通过选项中句子的句意或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的可能位置。2.再看空前空后，由于句子与句子之间有一种相关的联系，所以我们可以在选项中寻找与空前空后的句子有某种必然联系的关键词，从而选择正确的答案。3.注意代词在句子中的使用，利用代词的指代作用，我们可以从选项中找到相关的信息。,答题技巧,4.注意一些特殊疑问词，如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，那么就要寻找相对应的回答语。做题时需要注意的两个问题：1.如果问题设在段首，通常是段落的主题句。寻找主题句时，着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词，最后看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。,2.如果问题设在段尾，通常是结论或概括性的语句，关键词要在空白前的一句或两句中寻找。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore，asaresult，thus，hence，inshort，tosumup，toconclude，inaword等词语。,(一)(2015全国)BuildingTrustinaRelationshipAgainTrustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences.36Trustisarisk.Butyoucantbesuccessfulwhentheresalackoftrustinarelationshipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.,真题体验,Unfortunately，weveallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwevebeenstolenfrom，liedto，misled，orcheatedon，therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycanttrustanymore.37Itsunderstandable，butifyourewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain，wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere.,38Havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwellbeing.39Ifyouvebeenbetrayed，youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Buttheresadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha“victimmentality”.Atsomepointinallofourlives，wellhaveourtrusttestedorviolated.,Youdidntlose“everything”.Oncetrustislost，whatisleft?Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle，lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife.40Instead，itsahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.,A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.B.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.D.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.E.Theyvebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycantbeartoletithappenagain.F.Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.,G.Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesntmeanyoureignoringwhathappened.36.解析第一句Trustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences.(信任是我们从以往经历中获得的习得行为。)是对trust的解释。选项B中的it指代上文出现的trust，并且继续解释trust的含义；puttingconfidenceinsomeone(对某人寄托信任)，故选B项。注意：选项B与第一句为顺承关系。答案B,37.解析选项E与上文能形成因果关系。Theyvebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycantbeartoletithappenagain.(他们曾经受过严重伤害，不能容忍这种事情再次发生。)是上一句Sometimespeoplesimplycanttrustanymore.(有时候人们就是不能再信任别人。)的原因。并且与下一句Itsunderstandable.(这是可以理解的)有顺承关系。答案E,38.解析空格位于段首，根据文章结构分析，极有可能是祈使句。并且选项A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.(学会真正信任你自己。)与空格后的Havingconfidenceinyourself形成同义复现。trustyourself相当于haveconfidenceinyourself。,答案A,39.解析空格位于段首，根据文章结构分析，极有可能是祈使句。下文中Ifyouvebeenbetrayed，youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Buttheresadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha“victimmentality”.(如果你遭遇了背叛，那么你就成为客观环境的受害者。但是成为受害者与以“受害者的心态”活着是有区别的。)反复出现victim一词，而选项C中的关键词也为victim，形成原词复现。选项C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.(不要把自己当作受害者。)起到总起本段的作用。答案C,40.解析Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesntmeanyoureignoringwhathappened.(看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见。)与下一句Instead，itsahealthyway.forpositive.(相反，这是一个健康的方式)形成转折关系。并且选项中的positive与下文的positive形成原词复现。答案G,(二)(2015全国)Trainingforamarathonrequirescarefulpreparationandsteady，gradualincreasesinthelengthoftheruns.16，buythebest-fitting，best-builtrunningshoesyoucanfind.Noonecansaywhichbrandwillworkbestforyouorfeelbestonyourfeet，soyouhavetorelyonyourexperienceandonthefeelofeachpairasyoushop.Whenyouhavefoundshoesthatseemright，walkinthemforafewdaystodoublecheckthefit.17.Asalways，youshouldstretch(伸展)atleasttenminutesbeforeeachruntopreventinjuries.,Duringthefirstweek，donotthinkaboutdistance，butrunfiveminuteslongereachday.18，itiswisetotakeadayofftorest.Butduringthenextweek，setagoalofatleastamileandahalfperrun.19.Aftertwoweeks，starttimingyourself.20.Dependingonthekindofraceyouplantoenter，youcansetupatimetablefortheremainingweeksbeforetherace.,A.AftersixdaysB.ForagoodmarathonrunnerC.BeforeyoubeginyourtrainingD.Witheachday，increasethedistancebyahalfmileE.Iftheystillfeelgood，youcanbeginrunninginthemF.TimespentforpreparationraisesthequalityoftrainingG.Nowyouarereadytofigureoutagoalofimprovingdistanceandtime,16.解析根据该空后面提供的语境buythebest-fitting，best-builtrunningshoesyoucanfind(购买你能找到的最合适的、最好的跑鞋)可知，这是为了跑马拉松而进行的准备，这应该是在进行马拉松训练之前做的事情，故选C项“Beforeyoubeginyourtraining”。答案C,17.解析由该空前的语境Whenyouhavefoundshoesthatseemright，walkinthemforafewdaystodouble-checkthefit.(当你发现似乎合适的鞋子时，穿着走动几天，再次检查其舒适度。)可知，E选项中they指的就是前面提到的shoes，属于指代一致。另外feelgood与thefit相对应。故选E。答案E,18.解析空前的Duringthefirstweek，donotthinkaboutdistance，butrunfiveminuteslongereachday.(在第一周的时候，不要考虑跑了多远，但是每天都要比前一天多跑5分钟。)提到了thefirstweek，即7天，空格后面说itiswisetotakeadayofftorest(休息一天是明智的)，这样剩余的就是6天，与A项相关。答案A,19.解析根据该空格前面提供的语境Butduringthenextweek，setagoalofatleastamileandahalfperrun.(但是在接下来的一周，树立每次至少跑1.5英里的目标。)可知，与D项的“每天增加半英里”意义衔接紧密。答案D,20.解析由该空前的Aftertwoweeks，starttimingyourself.(两周后，开始给自己计时。)可知，这里的timing与G项中的improvingdistanceandtime意义相关。答案G,(三)(2015北京)ThisWaytoDreamlandDaydreamingmeanspeoplethinkaboutsomethingpleasant，especiallywhenthismakesthemforgetwhattheyshouldbedoing.Daydreamershaveabadreputationforbeingunawareofwhatshappeningaroundthem.Theycanseemforgetfulandclumsy.71Theyannoyusbecausetheyseemtobeignoringusandmissingtheimportantthings.,Butdaydreamersarealsoresponsibleforsomeofthegreatestideasandachievementsinhumanhistory.72Canyouimaginewhatkindofworldwewouldhavewithoutsuchideasandinventions?Sohowcanyoucomeupwithbrilliantdaydreamsandavoidfallingovertreerootsorotherwiselookinglikeafool?,First，understandthatsomeopportunities(机会)fordaydreamingarebetterthanothers.Feelingsafeandrelaxedwillhelpyoutoslipintodaydreams.73Andifyouwanttoimproveyourchancesofhavingacreativeideawhileyouredaydreaming，trytodoitwhileyouareinvolvedinanothertaskpreferablysomethingsimple，liketakingashowerorwalking，orevenmakingmeaninglessdrawings.,Itsalsoimportanttoknowhowtoavoiddaydreamsforthosetimeswhenyoureallyneedtoconcentrate.“Mindfulness”，beingfocused，isatoolthatsomepeopleusetoavoidfallingasleep.74Finally，youneverknowwhatwonderfulideamightstrikewhileyourmindhasmovedslowlyaway.75,Alwaysrememberthatyourbestideasmightcomewhenyourheadisactuallyintheclouds.A.Havinginterestingthingstothinkaboutalsohelps.B.Theystareoffintospaceandwanderbythemselves.,C.Withoutwanderingminds，wewouldnthaverelativity，CokeorPostitnotes.D.Atonetime，daydreamingwasthoughttobeacauseofsomementalillnesses.E.Itinvolvesslow，steadybreathingforselfcontrolthathelpspeoplestaycalmandattentive.,F.Daydreamsareoftenverysimpleanddirect，quiteunlikesleepdreams，whichmaybehardtounderstand.G.Therefore，itsagoodideatokeepanotebookorvoicerecordernearbywhenyoureinthedaydreamzone.,71.解析本段说的是大众印象中的“做白日梦”有哪些弊端，所以只能从B、D两项中进行选择，再结合此空前后Theycan.和Theyannoy.句式结构可确定B项为正确答案。答案B,72.解析本段讲了“做白日梦”的许多好处。结合空后句中的suchideasandinventions以及选项中的relativity，CokeorPost-itnotes可以确定C项为正确答案。答案C,73.解析本段主要讲如何做才能使自己获得“做白日梦”的机会。结合空前的willhelp和选项中的alsohelps可知，A项“想一些有趣的事情也有帮助(有助于进入做白日梦的境界)”为正确答案。答案A,74.解析本段主要讲如何避免不合时宜地“做白日梦”。空前提到“集中注意力是一些人用来避免入睡的一种工具”，E项中的calmandattentive(沉着和专心)与此相符，选项中的it指代mindfulness。答案E,75.解析根据前一句中.youneverknowwhatwonderfulideamightstrike.可知，此处是建议身边放一个笔记本或一台录音机，以便随时记下或录下你的好想法，所以应选择G项。答案G,(四)(2014新课标全国)Thejobsofthefuturehavenotyetbeeninvented.36Byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethemwellnomatterwhatthefutureholds.1.CuriosityYourchildrenneedtobedeeplycurious.37Askkids，“Whatingredients(配料)canweaddtomakethesepancakesevenbetternexttime？”andthentrythemout.Didthoseingredientsmakethepancakesbetter？Whatcouldwetrynexttime?,2.CreativityTruecreativityistheabilitytotakesomethingexistingandcreatesomethingnewfromit.38Thereareadozendifferentthingsyoucandowiththem.Experimentingwithmaterialstocreatesomethingnewcangoalongwayinhelpingthemdeveloptheircreativity.,3.InterpersonalSkillsUnderstandinghowothersfeelcanbeachallengeforkids.Weknowwhatsgoingoninsideourownhead，butwhataboutothers？Beingabletoreadpeoplehelpskidsfrommisreadingasituationandjumpingtofalseconclusions.39“Whydoyouthinkshescrying？”“Canyoutellhowthatmanisfeelingbylookingathisface？”“Ifsomeoneweretodothattoyou，howwouldyoufeel？”,4.SelfExpression40Therearemanywaystoexpressthoughtsandideasmusic，acting，drawing，building，photography.Youmayfindthatyourchildisattractedbyonemorethananother.,A.Encouragekidstocookwithyou.B.Andwecantforgetscienceeducation.C.Wecangivekidschancestothinkaboutmaterialsinnewways.D.Sohowcanwehelpourkidsprepareforjobsthatdontyetexist?,E.Gardeningisanothergreatactivityforhelpingkidsdevelopthisskill.F.Wecandothisinreallifeoraskquestionsaboutcharactersinstories.G.Beingabletocommunicateideasinameaningfulwayisavaluableskill.,36.解析根据文章开头第一句Thejobsofthefuturehavenotyetbeeninvented.“未来的工作尚未发明出来”并且结合36空后面的Byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethemwell“通过帮助他们发展可以为他们很好服务的经典技能”可和，36空应该是个问句，D项“那么我们该如何帮助孩子们为尚不存在的工作做好准备呢？”符合语境。答案D,37.解析根据该空后面提供的语境Whatingredients(配料)canweaddtomakethesepancakesevenbetternexttime？“下次我们可以添加什么配料来让这些薄煎饼更好吃呢？”可知与cook有关，故选A项(鼓励孩子跟你一起烹饪)。答案A,38.解析该空在2.Creativity之下，与“创造性”匹配的只有C项中的innewways“用新的方法”，故C项为正确选项。答案C,39.解析根据39空后面的几个问题：Whydoyouthinkshescrying？Canyoutellhowthatmanisfeelingbylookingathisface？.我们很容易判断出与F项的askquestions关系密切。故此处要填入F项“我们可以在我们的实际生活中这样做或者就故事中的角色进行提问”。答案F,40.解析G项“能用有意义的方式交流想法是一项宝贵的技能”是对SelfExpression“自我表达”技能的解释。expression“表达”与communicate“交流”是该题解答的关键。答案G,(五)(2014新课标全国)TipsforCookingonaTightScheduleFrommyexperience，therearethreemainreasonswhypeopledontcookmoreoften：ability，money，andtime.16MoneyisatopicIllsaveforanotherday.SotodayIwanttogiveyousomewisdomabouthowtomakethemostofthetimeyouspendinthekitchen.Herearethreetipsforgreatcookingonatightschedule：,1.Thinkahead.ThemomentswhenIthinkcookingisapainarewhenImalreadyhungryandtheresnothingreadytoeat.Sothinkaheadofthecomingweek.Whenwillyouhavetimetocook？Doyouhavetherightmaterialsalready？17,2.Makeyourtimeworthit.Whenyoudofindtimetocookameal，makethemostofitandsaveyourselftimelateron.Areyoumakingoneloafofbread？18Ittakesaroundthesameamountoftimetomakemoreofsomething.Sosaveyourselftheeffortforafuturemeal.,3.19Thismaysurpriseyou，butoneofthebesttoolsformakingcookingworthyourtimeisexperimentation.Itgivesyouthechancetohituponnewideasandrecipesthatcanworkwellwithyourappetiteandschedule.Themoreyoulearnandthemoreyoutry，themoreabilityyouhavetotakecontrolofyourfoodandyourschedule.,Hopefullythatgivesyouagoodstart.20Anddontletabusyschedulediscourageyoufrommakingsomegreatchangesinthewayyoueatandlive!A.Trynewthings.B.Abilityiseasilyimproved.C.Makethreeorfourinstead.D.Understandyourfoodbetter.E.Cookingisaburdenformanypeople.,F.Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden.G.Alittletimeplanningaheadcansavealotofworklateron.,16.解析空格前面提到了三个原因：ability，money，time。空格后面提到了money是作者改天再讨论的话题，紧接着后面提到了怎样充分利用时间，所以这里应该与第一项ability有关，因此选择B项(Abilityiseasilyimproved.)，这样就能做到前后呼应。答案B,17.解析本段的主题句(Thinkahead.)就是提前规划，并且段落中出现的信息thinkaheadofthecomingweek和后面问的问题都是强调提前进行规划有助于省去将来的大量劳动，与G项的信息一致。答案G,18.解析结合本段的主题句(Makeyourtimeworthit.)可知，要充分利用你的时间，再根据空格前面的one可知，既然做一个也是做，为什么不多做点儿，以备将来之用呢？因此与C项的信息一致。答案C,19.解析此空需要填一个主题句，它需要概括全段的内容。结合空格后面的信息词surprise，experimentation，newideas等可知与A项“尝试新东西”信息一致。答案A,20.解析结合空格前面的agoodstart和后面的dontletabusyschedulediscourageyoufrommakingsomegreatchanges可知，此处与F项的信息，即“让做饭和简单生活成为一种享受，而不是一种负担”一致。答案F,(六)(2014辽宁)Eyesightplaysaveryimportantroleinourdailylife.Everywakingmoment，theeyesareworkingtoseetheworldaroundus.OverfortypercentofAmericansworryaboutlosingeyesight，butitseasytoincludestepsintoourdailylifetoensurehealthyeyes.Herearefivesuggestionsforalifetimeofhealthyeyesight：,Scheduleyearlyexams.36Expertsadviseparentstobringbabies6to12monthsofagetothedoctorforacarefulcheck.Thegoodnewsisthatmillionsofchildrennowcanhaveyearlyeyeexamsandfollowingtreatment，includingeyeglasses.ProtectagainstUVrays(紫外线).Longtermstayinthesuncreatesrisktoyoureyes.Nomatterwhattheseasonis，itsextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses.37.,Giveyoureyesabreak.TwothirdsofAmericansspenduptosevenhoursadayusingcomputersorotherdigitalproducts.38Expertsrecommendthatpeoplepracticethe20/20/20rule：every20minutes，takea20secondbreakandlookatsomething20feetaway.39Aspartofahealthydiet，eatmorefruitsandvegetableseachday.Vitamins(维生素)CandEhelpprotecteyesightandpromoteeyehealth.,Practicesafewearandcareofcontactlenses(隐形眼镜).ManyAmericansusecontactlensestoimprovetheireyesight.Whilesomefollowthemedicalguidanceforwearingcontactlenses，manyarebreakingtherulesandputtingtheireyesightatrisk.40Otherwise，youmayhaveproblemssuchasredeyes，painintheeyes，oramoreseriouscondition.,A.Eatyourgreens.B.Eyecareshouldbeginearlyinlife.C.Theycanproperlyprotectyoureyes.D.Stayingoodshapebytakingmorevitamins.E.Parentsusuallydontcareabouttheirowneyesight.F.Alwaysfollowthedoctorsadviceforappropriatewear.G.Thisfrequenteyeactivityincreasestheriskforeyetiredness.,36.解析空格后面的句子提到了父母应该带6到12个月大的婴儿去做检查，这正好与B项的earlyinlife相匹配。答案B,37.解析做阅读填空题时一定要注意空格前后句子的内容联系。该空前面句子中的sunglasses正好与C项的主语they相匹配，这样借助于前后句的依存关系，利用代词的指代查找，便能轻松解题。答案C,38.解析G项中的主语thisfrequenteyeactivity指代的正是空格前面提到的每天花多达7个小时的时间用电脑或其他数码产品。答案G,39.解析考查段落主旨句。选择主旨句时一定要注意该句能概括本段的大意。该段主要是说保护眼睛的饮食问题，关键词diet和eat也是提示。答案A,40.解析know-how类说明文中otherwise前面往往都要交代做法，多用祈使句形式。本段的主旨句部分中又出现了safewear这一关键词，据此不难判断出正确答案为F。答案F,(七)(2014北京)EvaluatingSources(来源)ofHealthInformationMakinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation.Akeyfirststepinbetteringyourevaluationabilityistolookcarefullyatyoursourcesofhealthinformation.Reasonableevaluationincludesknowingwhereandhowtofindrelevantinformation，howtoseparatefactfromopinion，howtorecognizepoorreasoning，andhowtoanalyzeinformationandthereliabilityofsources.71,Gototheoriginalsource.Mediareportsoftensimplifytheresultsofmedicalresearch.Findoutforyourselfwhatastudyreallyreported，anddeterminewhetheritwasbasedongoodscience.Thinkaboutthetypeofstudy.72Watchformisleadinglanguage.Somestudieswillfindthatabehavior“contributesto”oris“associatedwith”anoutcome；thisdoesnotmeanthatacertaincoursemustleadtoacertainresult.73Carefullyreadorlistentoinformationinordertofullyunderstandit.,Useyourcommonsense.Ifareportseemstoogoodtobetrue，probablyitis.Beespeciallycarefulofinformationcontainedinadvertisements.74Evaluate“scientific”statementscarefully，andbeawareofquackery(江湖骗术).75Friendsandfamilymemberscanbeagreatsourceofideasandinspiration，buteachofusneedstofindahealthylifestylethatworksforus.,Developingtheabilitytoevaluatereasonablyandindependentlyabouthealthproblemswillserveyouwellthroughoutyourlife.A.Makechoicesthatarerightforyou.B.Thegoalofanadistosellyousomething.C.Besuretoworkthroughthecriticalquestions.D.Andexaminethefindingsoftheoriginalresearch.E.Distinguishbetweenresearchreportsandpublichealthadvice.,F.Beawarethatinformationmayalsobeincorrectlyexplainedbyanauthorspointofview.G.Thefollowingsuggestionscanhelpyousortthroughthehealthinformationyoureceivefromcommonsources.,71.解析通读全文可知，本文为“总分总”结构。第一段简要提出我们要学会分析来自各种渠道的健康信息，下文接着就如何对这些信息进行分类整理给予一些建议。答案G,72.解析根据该段作为主题句的第一句Gototheoriginalsource.(去探寻最初的来源。)可知，这一段都是围绕这个话题展开的，D项中的theoriginalresearch与主题句相照应。答案D,73.解析F项与第三段的主题句Watchformisleadinglanguage.相关，其中incorrectlyexplained与misleading相照应。答案F,74.解析由空格前的Beespeciallycarefulofinformationcontainedinadvertisements.(对广告中所包含的信息一定要特别当心。)及该段中的beawareofquackery(警惕江湖骗术)可知，B项(广告的目的是卖出商品)符合该段语境。为了达到这个目的，商品的广告中可能包含虚假信息。答案B,75.解析由该段中buteachofusneedstofindahealthylifestylethatworksforus可知，尽管我们有来自家人及朋友的大量信息，但归根结底还是要依靠我们自己来作出正确的选择。答案A,
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