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Inventors and inventions,Book 8 Unit 3,晨背佳作 积累素材,话题词汇 1.breakthrough n.突破；重大进展 2.convenience n.便利；方便 3.electronic adj.电子的 4.intelligent adj.智能的 5.invention n.发明；创造 6.technical adj.技术的；工艺的 7.be in the lead领先 8.follow the fashion追随时尚 9.in the field of science在科学领域 10.with the development of 随着的发展,话题佳作 假设你是李华，你的朋友Jim来信询问有关车轮的情况。请你根据下表所提供的信息给他写一封回信，简要介绍车轮的发明及其影响，并谈一谈你对车轮的看法。,佳作欣赏 Dear Jim， Im happy to receive your letter.Now Id like to talk about the wheel.Researchers have proved that the first wheel was invented about 6,500 years ago in Asia.At first，it was only a tool invented to help people transport heavy things till it became a part of a vehicle.The material of making the wheel has changed from wood to steel.It not only makes it possible for people to move the things much heavier than themselves quickly but also helps with the development of several kinds of technologies.I believe the invention of the wheel also makes the development of human society faster. Best wishes! Yours， Li Hua,名师点睛 本文结构如下：1.指出说明对象车轮的发明。2.围绕要点进行说明：(1)最早出现的时间及地点；(2)制作材料与用途的发展变化；(3)对世界的影响。3.个人评价。文中不仅出现了宾语从句、时间状语从句、过去分词短语作定语、it作形式宾语等复杂句式，还使用了at first，not only.but also等过渡性词汇，使文章条理清晰，读起来更加流畅。,基础排查 点拨要点,语篇训练 提升能力,内容索引,教材升华 综合运用,基础排查 点拨要点,A.写作必记单词 1.convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的 (1)Please come to my assistance if is convenient for you.(填代词) Please come to my assistance .(同义句转换) (2)The office is furnished with all modern (便利设施). 2. adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的,1,it,at your convenience,conveniences,passive,3.seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺；(疾病)侵袭 (1)The child a light fever. 这个孩子有点发烧。 (2)He seized the pickpocket the collar.(填介词) 4. n.文件；档案；文件夹 vt.提交；将归档 5.freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的 cold极冷的 hot炽热的,was seized with,by,file,freezing,burning,6.bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担 (1)He cant bear (laugh) at. (2) (记住) that success comes from hard work. 7.current n.(水或气)流；电流 adj.现在的；当前的 n.货币；通货,being laughed/to be laughed,Bear in mind,currency,8.associate vt.联想；联系 n.同伴；伙伴 He was associated with the murder，so he was arrested.(同义句转换) with the murder，he was arrested. himself with the murder，he was arrested. 9.practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的 vt. & vi. & n.实践；练习,Associated,Associating,practice,B.阅读识记单词 10.distinguish vi. & vt. (1)distinguished adj. (2)Distinguished his knowledge of economics，he was elected as head of the economic school.(填介词) (3)Its important to distinguish right wrong.(填介词) 11.merciful adj. mercy出于仁慈 the mercy of任由摆布 show mercy /have mercy 同情,显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别,卓越的；杰出的；著名的；高贵的；有尊严的,for,from,宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的,out of,at,to,on,12.product n. produce vt. 13.abrupt adj. adv.突然地；唐突地 14.caution n. (1)cautious adj. (2) caution小心地,产品,生产,突然的；意外的,abruptly,小心；谨慎,小心的；谨慎的,with,15.expectation n. (1) ones expectation出乎某人的预料 (2)People select news (期望；等待) a reward. (2015江苏) 16.merry adj. merrily adv. 17.valid adj. 18.ripe adj.,预料；期待；期望,beyond,in expectation of,愉快的；高兴的,高兴地；愉快地,有效的；确凿的,熟的；成熟的,19.identification n. identify vt. identified adj. 20.innocent adj. innocence n. 21.dynamic adj. 22.tap vt. & vi. n.,鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明,确认；识别；鉴别,被识别的；经鉴定的,清白的；无罪的；天真的,清白；无罪；天真,充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的,轻打；轻拍；轻敲,轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头,23.stable adj. stability n. 24.extension n. petence n. competent adj.,稳固的；稳定的；安定的,稳定；安定；稳定性,电话分机；扩大；延伸,能力；胜任；本领,能胜任的；有能力的；称职的,1. 给打电话 ring 回复电话 ring 挂断电话 2. 偶尔；有时 3. 开始(做)；着手(做) 开始(做) 4. 迅速把手伸入；一心投入,2,call up,back,off,now and then,set about (doing),set out (to do),dive into,5. 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住 hang 挂断电话 6. 次序颠倒；发生故障 order按顺序；井然有序 7. 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过,hang on,up,out of order,in,get through,1. ，I decided on three possible ap- proaches：. 经过一番研究准备之后，我决定了三种可能的方法： 2.But ，they tried to bite me. 但是它们一旦被捡起来，就试图咬我。,3,Prepared with some research findings,once picked up,3.Only after you have had that recognition that you are tr- uly an inventor. 只有你获得那种认证之后，你才能说你是一个真正的发明者。 4.Follow it up，explore all around it， before you know it， to occupy your mind. 跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西 盘踞着你的头脑。,can you say,and,you will,have something worth thinking about,“祈使句and/or/otherwise陈述句”为常见句型。该结构中的祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句，所以用一般将来时。在该句型中，祈使句有时也可用名词短语表示。 Work hard，and you will succeed.(同义句转换) ，you will succeed. ，you will succeed.,Working,hard,If,you,work,hard,教材升华 综合运用,.教材与语法填空 When the writer called up her mother in the countryside 1. the phone，she learned that snakes came near their house and that the snakes 2. (seem) to have made their home there. The writer felt proud and considered 3. a chance for her to distinguish herself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them. She set about 4. (research) the habits of snakes. She decided to cool them so that they could be easily caught.,on,seemed,it,researching,5. ，her first two plans were not successful.As 6. result，she had to attempt a 7. time，which helped her fulfill her aim 8. (success).9. (press) by her friends and relations，she decided to send her 10. (invent) to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea.,third,Pressed,successfully,invention,However,a,.教材与短文改错 Alexander Graham Bell born in 1847 in Scotland. When he was young，his family moves to Boston，USA. His mother was almost entire deaf. After that，he became interested in help deaf people communicate and in deaf education. He found that by pressing his lips against his mothers forehead，he could make the bones move in so a way that she could understand that he was saying., was,moved,entirely,helping,such,what,It was his exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit which led to his inventions.Whats more，he was in the truth a continuing searcher. I improved the quality of everybodys life by finding much practical solutions.,that,He,many,.教材与微写作 写作素材(关于专利) 1.Thomas先生是一个谨慎的商人，他的产品获得了专利。 2.但是，后来他发现他的产品没有达到标准。 3.他抓住机会着手来改善产品。 4.他希望自己的产品能经受得住检验。 5.他也希望他的收入会稳定增长。 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用who引导的定语从句，that引导的宾语从句。,连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文),Mr. Thomas，who was a cautious businessman，got a patent for his products.But later he found his products didnt live up to their criteria.He seized the chance and set out to improve them.He expected that his products could bear the tests and that his income would have a stable increase.,语篇训练 提升能力,. 阅读理解, . 七选五, . 完形填空,. 阅读理解,(2016山东济南山师大附中模拟) We know the famous onesthe Thomas Edisons and the Alexa-nder Graham Bellsbut what about the less famous inventors？What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper (雨刮器)？Shouldnt we know who they are?,Joan McLean thinks so.In fact，McLean，a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range，feels so strongly about this matter that shes developed a course on the topic.In addition to learning “who” invented “what”，however，McLean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and “how” questions.According to McLe-an，“When students learn the answers to these questions，they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more mot-ivated to give inventing a try.”,Her students agree.One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLeans statement.“If I had not heard the story of the windshield wipers invention，” said Tommy Lee，a senior physics major，“I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.” Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.,So，just what is the story behind the windshield wiper？Well，Ma-ry Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City.The day was cold and stormy，but Anderson still wanted to see the sights，so she jumped aboard a streetcar.Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield，she found herself wondering why there couldnt be a builtin device for cleaning the window.Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birm-ingham，Alabama，Anderson started drafting out solutions.One of her ideas，a lever (操作杆) on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside，became the first windshield wiper.,Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.Its hard to imagine driving without Garrett A.Morgans traffic light.Its equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J.Blodgetts innovation that makes glass invisible.Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?,1.By mentioning “traffic light” and “windshield wiper”，the author indicates that countless inventions are . A.beneficial，because their inventors are famous B.beneficial，though their inventors are less famous C.not useful，because their inventors are less famous D.not useful，though their inventors are famous,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,推理判断题。由文章最后一段第一句“Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.”可知信号灯和雨刮器这些小的发明使我们受益。由第一段可知信号灯和雨刮器等的发明者不怎么出名，故选B项。,2.Professor Joan McLeans course aims to . A.add colour and variety to students campus life B.inform students of the windshield wipers invention C.carry out the requirements by Mountain University D.prepare students to try their own inventions,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“When students learn the answers to these questions，they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”可知应选D项。,3.Tommy Lees invention of the unbreakable umbrella was . A.not eventually accepted by the umbrella producer B.inspired by the story behind the windshield wiper C.due to his dream of being caught in a rainstorm D.not related to Professor Joan McLeans lectures,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,细节理解题。由第三段中Tommy Lee的话“If I had not heard the story of the windshield wipers invention.I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.”可知他的发明是因为受到了雨刮器的发明故事的启发。,4.Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage? A.How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers? B.How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window? C.Shouldnt We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper? D.Shouldnt We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?,答案,解析,标题归纳题。全文讲述一些小的发明，其发明者虽不为人知，却非常有益，借以鼓励年轻人要善于把握发明的契机，故选C项。其他选项都比较片面。,1,2,3,4,. 七选五,How to Overcome Challenges in Your Life We all face tough and difficult challenges in life.To overcome challenges you need to have that “never quit” attitude in life.If you develop it，youll overcome quite a bit.,Motivate yourself.Say “YES，I CAN.” The challenge should bring out the best of you in this situation.Slow it down，and think that process through. 1 If you develop that mindset(心态)，youll get it done.,答案,解析,F,Develop that confidence in saying theres no way youre going to fail at this.,本段讲要激励自己，要对自己说我能行，不要着急，发挥最好的自己。如果有这种心态事情就能成功。F项：用这种方法来增加自信就不会失败。此句话承上启下，故选F。,2 Remain calm when youre facing serious troubles and prob-lems in life.You have to recollect yourself，and calm down.You cant solve problems when youre panicking.Take a deep breath，relax，and slow it down.Think things through calmly.,答案,解析,A,Stay calm and cool headed.,本段主要讲遇事要冷静及具体实施办法。A项：保持镇静，头脑清醒，能概括全段内容适合作标题。故选A。,Let failure and fear fuel you in a positive way.Everyone fails at times. If you fail the first，second，or third time，dont give up. 3 Learn w-hat made you fail at overcoming these challenges.,答案,解析,G,Pick yourself up，and learn from why youve failed，and move on in a positive direction.,本段讲用积极的态度面对失败。上句讲如果失败几次，不要放弃。G项：重新爬起，从失败中学习然后朝着积极的方向前行。与上句连接，告诉了我们具体办法，故选G。,Simplify the challenge youre facing.Make the challenge easier than it is. 4 As you get through each step，you develop more confidence and you believe you can get it done，and then you will.,答案,解析,C,Start by breaking it down into steps.,本段讲简化面对的挑战。使困难变容易些，当通过每一步的时候你就会有更大的信心相信自己能行，你就会成功。C项：从把挑战分解成几个小的步骤开始。连接前后，故选C。,Stay positive and confident. 5 You have to find out all the ways you can use to overcome it，and put them to full use with all your effort.Its our own mental stability thats the difficult part.When you do it mentally，youll actually be able to do it.,答案,解析,D,To overcome a challenge，you have to believe you can really do it.,本段讲要保持积极的态度和信心。下文讲要找到解决问题的方法，用头脑全力以赴去解决问题。D项：为了战胜挑战你必须相信你能行。符合本段意思且连接前后，故选D。,A.Stay calm and cool headed. B.Think the best，not the worst. C.Start by breaking it down into steps. D.To overcome a challenge，you have to believe you can really do it. E.Most people will avoid any challenge，because theyre scared of failing. F.Develop that confidence in saying theres no way youre going to fail at this. G.Pick yourself up，and learn from why youve failed，and move on in a positive direction.,. 完形填空,(2017湖北省重点中学模拟) One day I went to a store to get some needed items for my family. I gathered up my goodies and heade-d for the 1 counter，only to be 2 in the narrow aisle(通道) by a young man who 3 to be about sixteen years old.,the checkout counter收银台。句意为：我拿到了所有的东西，前往收银台结账，结果被一个看起来约十六岁的年轻人挡住了去路。根据语境可知选B项。,1.A.customer B.checkout C.salesman D.office,答案,解析,(2017湖北省重点中学模拟) One day I went to a store to get some needed items for my family. I gathered up my goodies and heade-d for the 1 counter，only to be 2 in the narrow aisle(通道) by a young man who 3 to be about sixteen years old.,block阻挡；trouble麻烦；meet遇到；find发现。见上题解析，故选A项。,2.A.blocked B.troubled C.met D.found,答案,解析,(2017湖北省重点中学模拟) One day I went to a store to get some needed items for my family. I gathered up my goodies and heade-d for the 1 counter，only to be 2 in the narrow aisle(通道) by a young man who 3 to be about sixteen years old.,pretend假装；appear出现；declare宣布；tend趋向。appear to be看起来，故选B项。,3.A.pretended B.appeared C.declared D.tended,答案,解析,I wasnt in a hurry，so I 4 waited for the boy to realize that I was there.,slowly慢慢地；slightly轻微地； kindly好心地；patiently耐心地。句意为：我并不着急因此我耐心地等着他意识到后面有人。根据语境可知选D项。,4.A.slowly B.slightly C.kindly D.patiently,答案,解析,It was obvious now，he was mentally 5 and a little shocked as he turned and saw me standing so 6 to him，waiting to 7 . I said，“Hey Buddy，whats your name？”,tear撕；break打碎；challenge挑战，刺激；wound伤害。句意为：非常明显，当他看到我离他如此近时，正等着通过，他思想上没有意识到(mentally challenged)，有点吃惊。故选C项。,5.A.torn B.broken C.challenged D.wounded,答案,解析,It was obvious now，he was mentally 5 and a little shocked as he turned and saw me standing so 6 to him，waiting to 7 . I said，“Hey Buddy，whats your name？”,close接近；friendly友好的；next下一个；happily高兴地。见上题解析。close to靠近，故选A。,6.A.close B.friendly C.next D.happily,答案,解析,It was obvious now，he was mentally 5 and a little shocked as he turned and saw me standing so 6 to him，waiting to 7 . I said，“Hey Buddy，whats your name？”,steal away偷走；hurry out匆忙；squeeze by挤过；break in打断。由上文中的“the narrow aisle”可知通道非常窄，故选C。,7.A.steal away B.hurry out C.squeeze by D.break in,答案,解析,“My name is Denny and Im 8 with my Mommy，” he responded prou-dly.,去商店当然是购物。故选B。,8.A.swimming B.shopping C.singing D.travelling,答案,解析,“Wow，” I said，“thats a(n) 9 name; I wish my name was Denny，but my name is Steve.How old are you Den-ny？”,cool酷的；bad坏的； ordina-ry普通的；old老的。句意为：这是个很酷的名字，我也希望我的名字叫丹尼，但我的名字叫史蒂夫，你几岁了，丹尼？故选A项。,9.A.cool B.bad C.ordinary D.old,答案,解析,“How old am I now，Mommy？” he asked his mother as she slowly 10 from the next aisle.“Youre fifteen years old，Denny.”Then he headed toward the toy section.,go away离开；walk by走过；come over过来；turn up出现。由下文中作者与丹尼的妈妈谈话可知，丹尼的妈妈慢慢地走了过来。故选C项。,10.A.went away B.walked by C.came over D.turned up,答案,解析,Dennys mom 11 me for taking the time to talk with her son.,thank感谢；stare at盯着；praise表扬；chat with与聊天。句意为：丹尼的妈妈非常感谢我花时间与她儿子聊天。thank sb. for doing sth.感谢某人做某事，故选A项。,11.A.thanked B.stared at C.praised D.chatted with,答案,解析,She told me that most people wouldnt 12 look at him，much less talk to him.,ever曾经；still仍然；yet然而；even甚至。句意：她告诉我大多数人甚至不愿意看丹尼，更别说与他交谈了。故选D项。,12.A.ever B.still C.yet D.even,答案,解析,I told her that it was my 13 and that there are plenty of red，yellow，and pink roses in Gods Garden; 14 ，“Blue Roses” are very 15 and should be appreciated 16 their beauty and distinctiveness.,courage勇气；pleasure快乐；habit习惯；faith信念。上文中丹尼的妈妈对作者表示感谢，it was my pleasure这是我的荣幸，是对感谢的应答语。故选B项。,13.A.courage B.pleasure C.habit D.faith,答案,解析,I told her that it was my 13 and that there are plenty of red，yellow，and pink roses in Gods Garden; 14 ，“Blue Roses” are very 15 and should be appreciated 16 their beauty and distinctiveness.,therefore因此；besides况且；meanwhile 同时；however然而。红色、黄色、粉色的玫瑰非常多，而蓝色的很罕见，此处表示转折，故选D项。,14.A.therefore B.besides C.meanwhile D.however,答案,解析,I told her that it was my 13 and that there are plenty of red，yellow，and pink roses in Gods Garden; 14 ，“Blue Roses” are very 15 and should be appreciated 16 their beauty and distinctiveness.,rare罕见的；big大的；bright明亮的；colorful五彩缤纷的。见上题解析。故选A 项。,15.A.rare B.big C.bright D.colorful,答案,解析,I told her that it was my 13 and that there are plenty of red，yellow，and pink roses in Gods Garden; 14 ，“Blue Roses” are very 15 and should be appreciated 16 their beauty and distinctiveness.,be appreciated for.因而被赏识。故选C项。,16.A.with B.by C.for D.in,答案,解析,You see，Denny is a Blue Rose and 17 someone doesnt stop and 18 that rose with their heart and touch that rose with their kindness，then theyve 19 a blessing from God.,unless 除非；if如果；before之前；after之后。句意为：你看，丹尼就是朵蓝玫瑰，如果人们没有停下来，用心闻他的花香，善意地来接触他，那么他们错过了上帝的保佑。故选B项。,17.A.unless B.if C.before D.after,答案,解析,You see，Denny is a Blue Rose and 17 someone doesnt stop and 18 that rose with their heart and touch that rose with their kindness，then theyve 19 a blessing from God.,smell闻；pick挑选；buy买；see看。见上题解析。故选A项。,18.A.smell B.pick C.buy D.see,答案,解析,You see，Denny is a Blue Rose and 17 someone doesnt stop and 18 that rose with their heart and touch that rose with their kindness，then theyve 19 a blessing from God.,want想；forget忘记；miss错过；invite邀请。故选C项。,19.A.wanted B.forgotten C.missed D.invited,答案,解析,be brave 勇敢；be proud 骄傲；take it easy放松；take the time抽出时间。句意为：因此，当下次你看到蓝玫瑰，不要转过头走开，抽出时间与它微笑并打招呼。故选D项。,20.A.Be brave B.Be proud C.Take it easy D.Take the time,答案,解析,So，the next time you see a BLUE RO-SE，dont turn your head and walk off. 20 to smile and say Hello.,以上语篇训练之 素材提炼再拓展,.词汇拓展 1.patent n.专利；专利权； vt.获得专利；取得专利权 2.proof n.证据；物证 (1) vt. &vi.证明；结果是 (2)She wanted to put her husbands loyalty to the proof. 她想考验一下她丈夫的忠诚。,prove,3.negotiate v.谈判，协商，交涉 The minister said，“We are ready for discussions with any legal parties，but well never criminals.” 首相说：“我们准备和任何合法政党展开讨论，但决不会与罪犯谈判。” 4.simplify vt.简化；使单纯；使简易 While intelligent people can often simplify the complex，a fool is more likely to complicate the simple. 聪明的人总是会把复杂的问题简单化，而愚蠢的人更有可能把简单的问题复杂化。,negotiate with,5.gather up收集；把收起来 加速 6.head for动身去,gather speed,表示“向行进”时，其后所接介词通常为for或towards，原则上不接介词to，但是当其后跟有某些状语(如back，out等)时，也可接介词to。 The ship headed out to sea.轮船驶向大海。,7.in a hurry匆忙地；迅速地 8.much less更不用说；更不用提 still /let 更不用说,less,alone,.句式升级 1.Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.(同义句转换) 2.Its equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodg- etts innovation that makes glass invisible.(同义句转换) ,Today countless inventions and innovations are of benefit to us.,There is no picturing a world without Katherine J. Blodgetts,innovation that makes glass invisible.,3.If you develop it，youll overcome quite a bit. (改为并列句) (改为简单句),Develop it and youll overcome quite a bit.,Developing it，youll overcome quite a bit.,
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