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Cloning,Book 8 Unit 2,晨背佳作 积累素材,话题词汇 1.invention n.发明 2.progress n.进步 3.digital adj.数字的 4.breakthrough n.突破 5.technical adj.技术的 6.automatic adj.自动的 7.make a study of研究 8.shop online网上购物 9.surf the Internet网上冲浪 10.browse the web page浏览网页,话题佳作 目前，科技的发展如此之快已超出了我们的想象，克隆技术成为世界上最先进的技术之一。针对这一技术，有人支持，有人反对。假设你是李华，你的笔友Mike来信询问你对克隆的看法，请根据下面的表格，给他写一封回信。,佳作欣赏 Dear Mike， Glad to receive your letter.Cloning is one of the most advanced technologies.But different people have different opinions. Some people are in favor of it，thinking the technology is benefi-cial.Firstly，it can be used to produce organs to cure diseases like cancer. Secondly，it can help those who cant have a baby but want one.Bes-ides，it can help those wanting to clone their dead relatives.,However，a few people object to it.They believe cloning shows no respect for human life，and human life would no longer be unique.M-ore seriously，it would create more diseases in the animal world and cause Earths population to increase fast. In my opinion，although the technique is of benefit，cloning hu-mans should be cautious. Yours， Li Hua,名师点睛 本文第一段提出话题，第二段说明克隆的优点，第三段是克隆的缺点，第四段是表述作者自己的观点。中间两段要点齐全，表达清晰明确，使用短语、句型准确。最后一段是作者自己的观点，观点明确，不含糊，给出了自己的令人信服的理由。文章中使用了现在分词作状语和定语、定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句等复杂句式。文中一些高级词汇也给短文增加了不少亮点，如：in favor of，beneficial，object to，show no respect for，be of benefit等。同时，firstly，secondly，besides等的使用使作者在列举观点时条理清晰，自然流畅。,基础排查 点拨要点,语篇训练 提升能力,内容索引,教材升华 综合运用,基础排查 点拨要点,A.写作必记单词 1.differ vi.不同；相异 (1)The story he told the police (和不同) the one he told his mother. (2)They differ size but not kind. 这些东西的区别只是大小不同而实质一样。,1,differed from,in,in,2.exact adj.精确的；准确的 (1)not exactly不确切；不完全；不全对；(口语)决不 (2)Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging，but they believe that they do. 科学家们仍然不是很清楚基因是怎样影响衰老的，但他们相信基因确实对衰老有影响。(2016四川),3.object vi.反对；不赞成 (1) n.不赞成；反对；异议 (2)object 反对 (3)He has a strong objection early. 他极力反对早动身。 4. vt.获得；赢得,objection,to,to leaving,obtain,5.owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于 (1)owe. .欠；把归功于 应向某人道歉 (2)The harbour survived the storm the arms of the bay. 由于海湾的保护，海港躲过了暴风雨。 (3)He helped you a lot.You owe to him to invite him to dinner.(填代词),to,owe sb. an apology,owing to,it,6.retire vi.退休；离开 (1) n.退休；离开 (2)Leroy Chiao,54，an American (retire) astronaut after four flights，describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.(2015湖北),retirement,retired,7.bother vt.打扰 vi.操心 n.烦扰 (1)bother sb. sth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人 have much bother sth.费劲/麻烦做某事 (2)Dont bother (get) dinner for me.,with/about,(in) doing,to get/getting,表示“费心做某事”，其后可接不定式或动名词作宾语。有时还可在bother后加反身代词。,8.strike vi. & vt.打；撞击；罢工 n.罢工 (1) (strike) by the beauty of its buildings on their previous visit， they decided to visit the small old town again. (2) strikes me that you are not serious about it.(填代词) (3)Staff at the hospital (举行罢工) in protest at the inc- idents. (4)A good idea struck me yesterday.(同义句转换) I a good idea yesterday.,Struck,It,went on strike,struck on,9.resist vt.抵抗；对抗 (1)The child resisted (carry) off. (2)There is still much resistance carrying out this plan.(填介词) 10.reasonable adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的 (1)reason sb. doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事 (2)The reason he didnt come was he was ill.(填连接词) (3)This is the reason he gave me for being late.(填连接词),being carried,to,into/out of,why,that,that,B.阅读识记单词 11.undertake vt. undertake .答应做 12.breakthrough n. 13.procedure n. process n. vt. 14.altogether adv. 15.conservative adj.,着手；从事；承担,to do,突破,程序；步骤；手续,过程；进行；方法；步骤；程序,加工；处理,总共；完全地,保守的；守旧的,16.forbid vt. My father forbade me to watch TV.(同义句转换) My father forbade TV. My father forbade TV. 17.accumulate vt. & vi. accumulation n. pulsory adj.,禁止；不准,my watching,me from watching,积累；聚积,积累；累积；堆积物,必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的,19.assumption n. (1) (assume) that it is true，what should we do now? (2) (普遍认为) that stress is caused by too much work. (3)The project was predicated the economy was expanding. 这一计划是以经济发展的设想为依据的。,assuming conj.假如，假设，引导条件状语从句。,假定；设想,Assuming,It is generally assumed,on the assumption that,20.regulation n. regular adj. 21.initial adj. initially adv. 22.vain adj. vain白费力气；枉费心机 23.drawback n. 24.decoration n. decorate v.,规则；规章；法规,有规律的；规则的；定期的；经常的,最初的；开始的,开始；最初,虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的,in,缺点；不利条件,装饰,装饰,25.adore vt. He adores to parties. 他喜欢参加各种聚会。,adore后接动词时用动名词形式。,崇拜；爱慕；喜爱,going,1. 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 This work is starting to pay off.The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011. 工作取得了成功，成年秃鹰的年死亡率从2000年的38%下降到2011年的5.4%。(2016北京) 2. 使失望；使沮丧 She much at the moment. 她当时非常沮丧。,2,pay off,cast down,was,cast down,3. 赞成；支持 对某人有利 帮某人一个忙 4. 一定或注定(做) 5. 使刻骨铭心 6. 不时；偶尔 7. 使复生；使复活 8. 状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏),in favour of,in ones favour,do sb. a favour/do a favour for sb.,(be) bound to (do).,strike.into ones heart,from time to time,bring back to life,in good/poor condition,1.It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants . 当园艺师从生长着的植物上剪下枝来培植新植物时，它(克隆)就发生了。 2.Then came the disturbing news . 接着传来了令人烦恼的消息多莉得了重病。,3,to make new ones,that Dolly had become seriously ill,3. if corrections made in their research proced- ure? 如果改进研究程序，问题会不会解决呢？ 4.However，scientists still wonder and . 然而，科学家们仍然想知道克隆技术是会帮助我们还是伤害我们，以及它将把我们引向何处。,Could it be solved,were,whether cloning will help or harm us,where it is leading us,5.The advantage is some of these animals may die，but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. 其优点是如果产生一种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉， 但是另外一些却能存活下来，并将这种抵抗能力传给下一代。,that if there is a new illness,教材升华 综合运用,.教材与语法填空 Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of 1. animal or plant.2. has two major uses.One is that gardeners use it to produce commercial quantities of plants.The other is that it is 3._(value) for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.However，the process of cloning is difficult 4. (undertake).,another,It,valuable,to undertake,The first successful clone，Dolly the sheep,5. (make) the whole scientific world follow its process，though it had 6. (many) problems than the normal sheep.But on the other hand，Dollys 7. (appear) raised a storm of objections and had a great impact 8. the media and public imagination.Different people have different opinions on it.9. ，scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and 10. it is leading us.,made,more,appearance,on,However,where,.教材与短文改错 The possibility of cloning fierce and extinct wild animals have always excited film makers.And they are not the only one.The popularity of the film Jurassic Park proves how interesting ordinary people are in the subject.It is a film in that a scientist clones several kind of extinct dinosaurs. In fact，we are long way from being able to clone extinct animals.,has,ones,interested,which,kinds, a,From time to time people suggested that the animals that have disappeared from the earth，can be brought back to the life through cloning.Unfortunately，based on what we know now，it is possible.So dinosaurs returned to the earth is merely a dream.,impossible,returning,suggest,.教材与微写作 写作素材(关于克隆) 1.现在许多国家研究克隆。 2.人们对克隆有不同的看法。 3.有些人很沮丧，他们认为这在伦理上是不合理的，应该被禁止。 4.实际上许多国家从事克隆研究并且已经取得了重大的突破，所以我们无法抗拒它。 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用because引导的原因状语从句，that引导的宾语从句。,连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文),Nowadays many countries do research on cloning.Peoples ideas of cloning differ.Some feel cast down because they think that it is not morally reasonable and should be forbidden.Actually many countries undertake the research on cloning and have obtained great breakthrough，and therefore we are unable to resist it.,语篇训练 提升能力,. 阅读理解, . 七选五, . 完形填空,. 阅读理解,(2017重庆育才中学入学考试) A machine that takes sweat-laden(浸满汗水的) clothes and turns the sweat into drinking water is in use in Sweden.The machine makes the clothes turn round quickly，heats them to remove the sweat，and then passes the steam through a kind of special material to make purified water.,Since it has been brought into use，its creators say more than 1,000 people have drunk others “sweat” in Gothenburg.They add the liquid is cleaner than local tap water. The device was built for the United Nations child-focused charity UNICEF to promote a campaign highlighting the fact that 780 million people in the world lack access to clean water. The machine was designed and built by the engineer Andreas Ham-mar，known locally for his appearances on TV tech show “Mekatro-nik”.He said the key part of the sweat machine was a new water purifi-cation part developed by a company named HVR.,“It uses a technique called membrane distillation(膜蒸馏)，” he told the BBC.“We use a special kind of material that only lets steam through but keeps bacteria，salts，clothing fibers and other things out.They have something similar to the International Space Station，but our machine is cheaper to build.The amount of water it produces depends on how sweaty the person is，but one persons T-shirt typically produces 10ml，about a mouthful.”,The device has been put on show at the Gothia Cupthe worlds largest international youth football tournament.Mattias Ronge，chief executive of Stockholm-based advertising agency Deportivo，said the machine had helped raise awareness for UNICEF，but in reality had its limitations. “People havent produced as much sweat as we hopedright now the weather in Gothenburg is lousy，” Mattias Ronge said.“So weve equipped the machine with exercise bikes and volunteers are cycling like crazy.Even so，the demand for sweat is greater than the supply.And the machine will never be produced in large numbers，since there are better solutions out there such as water purifying pills.”,1.Which of the following is the disadvantage of the sweat machine? A.It takes too long for the machine to produce water. B.The amount of water the machine produces is rather limited. C.It costs a large amount of money to build the machine. D.The water processed by the machine is not clean enough.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,细节理解题。由第五段最后一句“The amount of water it produces depends on.about a mouthful.”可知，这台机器的产水量太少了，故选B。,2.UNICEF is mentioned in the text to . A.show how the sweat machine works B.explain why the sweat machine was invented C.show the importance of the United Nations D.tell us who invented the sweat machine,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,细节理解题。由第三段的内容可知，作者在文中之所以提到UNICEF是因为这台机器是为UNICEF所组织的一个活动而设计制造的，故选B。,3.What did Mattias Ronge think of the sweat machine? A.It could only be used in summer. B.It did not work at all. C.It was not worth popularizing. D.The water it produced tasted sweet.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,推理判断题。由最后一段中Mattias Ronge所说的“the machine will never be produced in large numbers”可知，他认为这种机器不值得普及。故选C。,4.The text is written mainly to tell us that . A.a machine which turns sweat into drinking water is invented B.780 million people in the world lack access to clean water C.a better solution to purifying dirty water is discovered D.the pill which turns dirty water into clean water is produced,答案,解析,主旨大意题。由第一段第一句“A machine that takes sweat-laden(浸满汗水的) clothes and turns the sweat into drinking water is in use in Sweden.”以及下文的描述可知，作者通过本文主要向我们介绍了一种能够将衣服上的汗液转化为饮用水的机器，故选A。,1,2,3,4,. 七选五,(2017山西四校联考) Imagine going to bed not knowing where your next meal is going to come from. 1 Today，nearly 11 percent of people on Earth suffer from hunger，according to a recent State of Food Insecurity in the World report published by the United Nations.But it turns out that this number is something to celebrate!,答案,解析,E,That is the fate of nearly 805 million people in the world.,根据上句：想象一下，临睡前不知道你的下一顿饭从哪里来。再根据下句：现在世界上11%的人遭受饥饿的痛苦。可知E. That is the fate of nearly 805 million people in the world.那就是世界上805 000 000人的命运。符合上下文的意思。,Though the numbers look like a lot，the number of hungry people in the world has actually decreased by about 209 million since 1992.This has been mainly due to the hard work of organizations such as the UN，the FAO and the WFP.,According to the WFP，the world produces enough food to feed the entire population of 7 billion people. 2 There are many reasons why food does not go from the producers to the consumers.,答案,解析,D,But not everybody has access to food when they need it.,根据上句：世界生产足够的粮食养活全部70亿人口。再根据下句：很多原因导致了食物无法从生产者那里运到消费者手中。可知此空的意思是：还有很多人没有饭吃。此处表示转折，故选D。,People living in poverty cannot afford nutritious foods.This makes them weaker and it is harder for them to earn money to escape from poverty and hunger. 3 An average person in the US spends just 6.6% of the income on food.,答案,解析,G,Do you know in poor countries people spend over 80% of their earnings on food?,根据上句：他们很难赚钱摆脱贫困和饥饿。再根据下句：在美国，一个普通人仅花费收入的6.6%在食物上。可知G. Do you know in poor countries people spend over 80% of their earnings on food？你知道贫穷国家的人们要花费收入的80%在食物上吗？符合题意。,Drought is one of the most common causes of food shortage in the world. 4 In many countries，climate change is worsening the situation.,答案,解析,F,Natural disasters such as flood and tropical storms can impact food output too.,根据上句：干旱是世界上最常见的食物短缺的原因之一。再根据下句：在很多国家，气候变化正在恶化局势。可知此空要表达的意思应该是：自然灾害也影响粮食的产量。故选F。,Conflicts around the world can disrupt farming and food produc-tion.Fighting forces millions of people to flee their homes.These people dont have the means to feed themselves. 5 Food that is wasted uses up precious natural resources.,答案,解析,C,One-third of all food produced is never consumed.,根据下句：浪费的食物消耗了宝贵的自然资源。可知上句的意思是：所有生产出来的食物中有三分之一从未被消费掉。故选C。,A.How can we solve the problem? B.Each nation has its own challenges. C.One-third of all food produced is never consumed. D.But not everybody has access to food when they need it. E.That is the fate of nearly 805 million people in the world. F.Natural disasters such as flood and tropical storms can impact food output too. G.Do you know in poor countries people spend over 80% of their earnings on food?,. 完形填空,(2016浙江) During the war，my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California.I went to live there in order to be 1 him.,根据空格前的went to live the-re可以看出，作者到那里住的目的是希望离丈夫近(near)一些。off离开；behind在后面；near在附近；bey-ond超出，远于。,1.A.off B.behind C.near D.beyond,答案,解析,I hated the place.I had never 2 been so unhappy.My husband was ordered out on a longterm duty，and I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone.,根据上文使用的过去时及第二段第三句“I said I couldnt stand it one minute longer.”可知，作者在此之前(before)从未那么不快乐过。before在之前；already已经；then然后，那么；still仍然。,2.A.before B.already C.then D.still,答案,解析,The heat was 3 almost 125F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌).,由破折号后的“.almost 125F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌).”可知，即便是在仙人掌的阴凉里，这种炎热也是让人无法忍受的(unbearable)。inflexible缺乏弹性的，不可改变的；incomprehensible难懂的，不可理解的；uncontrollable控制不住的，无法管束的；unbearable无法忍受的，承受不住的。,3.A.inflexible B.incomprehensible C.uncontrollable D.unbearable,答案,解析,4 a soul to talk to.,由该段内容可以看出，作者所居住的地方环境很恶劣，可推知空格处应该指这里没有(not)作者可以与之聊天的人。only仅仅，只有；not没有；many许多；such那样的。,4.A.Only B.Not C.Many D.Such,答案,解析,The wind blew nonstop，and all the food I ate，and the very air I breathed，were 5 with sand，sand，sand!,be covered with用覆盖；be filled with充满；be buried with被掩埋；be charged with被指控犯(罪)。由该句语境可以看出，无论是作者吃的食物还是呼吸的空气，到处都充满了(were filled with)沙子。,5.A.covered B.filled C.buried D.charged,答案,解析,I was so sorry for myself that I wrote to my parents.I told them I was 6 and coming back home.,由后面的“I said I couldnt stand it one minute longer.”可以看出，由于居住地恶劣的环境，作者打算放弃(give up)并准备回家。catch up赶上；keep up保持，维持；give up放弃；get up起床。,6.A.catching up B.keeping up C.giving up D.getting up,答案,解析,I said I couldnt stand it one minute lon-ger.I 7 be in prison!,由该空所在句可知，作者在信中告诉父母，她一分钟也坚持不下去了，她宁愿(would rather)去蹲监狱。ought to应该；might well有可能；would rather宁愿；had better最好。,7.A.ought to B.might well C.would rather D.had better,答案,解析,My father answered my 8 with just two linestwo lines that will always sing in my 9 two lines that completely chan-ged my life：,由该段第一句中的“.I wrote to my parents.”可知，作者给自己的父母写了封信。request请求，要求；call通话，召唤；question问题；letter信。,8.A.request B.call C.question D.letter,答案,解析,My father answered my 8 with just two linestwo lines that will always sing in my 9 two lines that completely chan-ged my life：,由下文可以看出，作者父亲的这两行话彻底改变了作者对生活的态度，所以这两行话总是在她的记忆(memory)里唱响。comparison对比；imagination想象；considerat-ion考虑，体贴；memory记忆。,9.A.comparison B.imagination C.consideration D.memory,答案,解析,Two men looked out from prison bars， One saw the mud，the other saw the stars. I read those two lines 10 .,由上下文语境可知，作者收到父亲的信后反复(over and over)阅读，并为自己感到羞愧。over and over再三，反复；by and by不久，很快；up and down上上下下，来回；now and then不时，时常。,10.A.over and over B.by and by C.up and down D.now and then,答案,解析,I was ashamed of myself.I made up my mind I would find out what was good in my present 11 ；I would look for the stars.,由上文可知，空格所在句表示作者下定决心找到自己目前处境(situation)的优势。company陪伴，公司；occup-ation工作，占用；situation处境，状况；relationship关系。,11.A.company B.occupation C.situation D.relationship,答案,解析,I made friends with the natives，and their 12 amazed me.,由该段内容可知，作者与当地人交朋友，而他们把最喜欢的艺术品作为礼物送给作者。他们的反应(reaction)让作者感到吃惊。movement运动，活动；reaction反应；guidance指导；purpose目的。,12.A.movement B.reaction C.guidance D.purpose,答案,解析,They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had 13 to sell to tourists.,由上下文语境可知，当地人对作者做出的反应让作者感到吃惊，因为他们竟然舍得将拒绝(refuse)卖给游客的艺术品当作礼物送给作者。refuse拒绝；fail失败，不及格；manage管理；happen发生，碰巧。,13.A.refused B.failed C.managed D.happened,答案,解析,I studied the delightful forms of the cact-us.I watched for the desert sunsets，and 14 for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago when the sands of the desert had been an ocean 15 .,各选项均可与空格后的for构成短语。ask for请求，要求；hunt for寻找；wait for等待；head for前往。由下文中的定语从句“.that had been left there millions of years ago.”可知，作者在沙漠里寻找(hunt for)几百万年前遗留下来的贝壳。,14.A.asked B.hunted C.waited D.headed,答案,解析,I studied the delightful forms of the cact-us.I watched for the desert sunsets，and 14 for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago when the sands of the desert had been an ocean 15 .,由空格所在句“.when the sands of the desert had been an ocean .”可知，沙漠里的沙地曾经是海底(floor)。floor底部，地面；surface表面；rock岩石；level水平。,15.A.floor B.surface C.rock D.level,答案,解析,What brought about this 16 cha-nge in me?,由上文可以看出，作者由最初的抱怨并打算放弃在沙漠中的生活，到后来接受自己的处境并学会欣赏生活中的美好可以看出，作者的变化是令人十分惊讶的(astonishing)。shocking骇人的；challenging具有挑战性的；puzzling令人感到迷惑的。,16.A.shocking B.challenging C.puzzling D.astonishing,答案,解析,由上文可以看出，沙漠没有改变，但(but)作者发生了变化。as表原因；but表转折；for表原因；or用以引出另一种可能性。,17.A.as B.but C.for D.or,答案,解析,The desert hadnt changed， 17 I had.,由上文可以看出，作者由最初的不快乐到后来学会享受沙漠生活，完全是因为自己对生活的态度发生了改变。attitude态度；principle原则；identity身份，一致；standard标准。,18.A.attitude B.principle C.identity D.standard,答案,解析,I had changed my 18 .,所给选项中的adventure与该句中的experience相对应。vacation假期；operation操作，手术；affair事务，事件；adventure冒险， 奇遇。,19.A.vacation B.operation C.affair D.adventure,答案,解析,And by doing so，I changed an unhap-py experience into the most amazing 19 of my life.,作者将自己从最初感受到沙漠之苦到后来体验到沙漠生活的快乐的转变比喻为在自设的监狱里发现(find)了星星。seek寻找；count数数；find发现；reach到达。,20.A.sought B.counted C.found D.reached,答案,解析,I was excited by this new world that I had discovered.I had looked out of my self-created prison and 20 the stars.,以上语篇训练之 素材提炼再拓展,.词汇拓展 1.station vt.配置，安置；驻扎 (1)Two guards at the top of the stairs. 在楼梯口派了两名警卫。 (2)He at the only exit. 他站立在唯一的出口处。,were stationed,stationed himself,station用作动词时，是及物动词，后面应跟宾语。,2.in use在使用中 bring/put.into use come use开始被使用 make use 利用；使用 3.in large numbers大量地 They catch fish that are found in large numbers，so there is little danger to the species. 他们捕的是那些量大的鱼，所以对物种的伤害很小。,使用,into,of,4.in the shade of在阴凉处 put . the shade使逊色；使相形见绌 5.watch for留意；期待；等候 watch for小心；提防 watch 看管；守护,in,out,over,.句式升级 1.People living in poverty cannot afford nutritious foods.This
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