中考英语二轮复习第4讲名词冠词代词讲义.doc

教学资料参考范本中考英语二轮复习第4讲名词冠词代词讲义撰写人：_时 间：_【知识点睛】一、名词难点1：某国人变复数国家人(单数)人(复数)China JapanEnglandFranceGermanyIndiaAmericaAustraliaItalyArabCanadaEurope难点2：双重所有格VS of所有格a picture of my teachers a picture of my teacher我老师的一张照片（强调我老师的众多照片中的一张，不一定是我老师本人）我老师本人的一张照片（强调我老师本人）难点3：名词作定语运动会：a _ meeting two _ meetings服装店：a _ store two _ stores男教师：a _ teacher two _ teachers女医生：a _ doctor five _ doctors除这个别名词外，其余名词作定语要用_，如“许多苹果树many _ trees”。二、冠词（一）冠词分类 _、_、_（二）不定冠词的用法1. 用于单数可数名词前，泛指“某一、任一”2. 用于序数词(除first外)前，表示“再一、又一”3. 用于固定搭配中：a few/little/bit; have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/rest; (感冒)_; (玩得高兴)_; in a hurry; for a while; keep a diary; (帮助某人) _（三）定冠词的用法1. the表示特指_：Kim has a cat. The cat is black. _：Lets go to the supermarket! _：I know the girl in red. 2. the表示“独一无二”3. the + 序数词，eg: on _ second floor4. the + 形容词原级，表示“一类人”，eg: 老人：_5. the + 形容词比较级，_ _ (tall) of the two boys6. the + 形容词最高级，eg: _ most beautiful city7. the + 年份的复数，表示某年代，in the 1990s8. 用在姓氏的复数前，指代一家人或夫妻，eg: 格林一家_9. 西洋乐器的名词前加 play _ piano10. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前加the，eg: the Great Wall11. 用在固定短语中：in the morning/afternoon/evening; in the daytime; in the end; (一直)_; at the same time; by the way; in the open air; (在岁时)_; at the beginning of; on the other side of; in the middle of; at the moment （四）零冠词的用法 1. 不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时前面用零冠词。 Man cant live without water. Horses are domestic animals. 2. 某些专有名词，如人名、地名、国名、物质名词、抽象名词表示泛指时前面用零冠词。 China is a great country. Mary lives in New York. 3. 名词前已有名词所有格，物主代词或this, that, every修饰时，用零冠词。Every student likes English in our _ class.A. aB. anC. theD. / 4. 在节日、日期、星期、月份、季节等前面用零冠词，但若特指某年的某月或某年的某季节时，要在月份、季节前加the。 June 1st is Childrens Day. He was born in _ autumn of 1990. 5. 表示称呼或表示头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补语时用零冠词。 This is Professor Li. 6. 三餐、球类运动及学科名词之前用零冠词。 have _ breakfast play _ football Do you like _ English?7. “专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的名词前用零冠词。 Huanghe Road 8. by + 交通工具，交通工具名词前使用零冠词。by _ buson _ bus9. 在公共假日、节日名词前用零冠词。New Years Day, Womens Day10. 在某些固定短语中：day and night; face to face; side by side; step by step; at school / work / home; (在危险中)_; in bed; in time; at noon/night/dawn; (值日)_难点1：用a还是an ?a用在以_开头的单词或字母前an用在以_开头的单词或字母前在26个字母中，单个字母前用不定冠词an的有_、_、_、_、_、_、_、_、_、_、_、_以字母U开头的常见单词_ university_ useful book_ ugly man_ umbrella _ unhappy man_ unusual story_ used car 难点2：名词被such, half, what, many, so, how, too, quite, rather, very等修饰时，不定冠词的位置问题例如：_ such _ honest _ boy half hourwhat nice dayvery interesting storymany man so nice girl how nice filmquite good bookrather useful tool 三、代词（一）人称代词、物主代词、反身代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单复单复单复人称代词（主格）Iweyouyouhesheitthey人称代词（宾格）形物代名物代反身代词难点1：代词的用法This morning _(她) invited _(我) to _(她的) birthday party. The party is _(她的), not _(我的).难点2：反身代词的常用短语自学_自学_苏醒_独自_随便吃_玩得愉快_伤着某人自己_难点3：人称代词主格作主语的语序单数形式(二、三、一) _, _ and _ (I, he/she, you)复数形式(一、二、三) _, _ and _(we, they, you)承认错误时(第一人称放前) _ and _ (I, John)难点4：人称代词it用法小结1. 指代前面提到过的事物。 Do you use your dictionary now? Can I borrow _? Mom, my friend has a beautiful skirt. I want _, too. 2. 用来代替指示代词this或that。 Whats this? _ a pen. 3. 指不明性别的婴儿或不明身份的人。 Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who _ is. 4. 指时间或季节。Whats the time now? Its ten oclock. 5. 表天气。Whats the weather like?Its sunny. 6. 表距离。How far is it from home to school? 7. 用作_。 It is adj. (for / of sb.) + to do sth.Its ones turn / duty to do sth.Its adj. that8. 用作形式宾语Do you think/find _ + adj. to do sth.?（二）疑问代词Who wants to go with me?who作_、_Who are you talking about? To whom are you talking? 宾从：Can you tell me _?Whose book is this? whose作_Whats your father?He is a worker.what询问_Who is that girl?She is my sister.who询问_What would you like?Id like a cup of juice. what没有_Which do you like, spring or summer? which有_(which指一定范围内，特指的人或物)（三）不定代词：不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。some (something，somebody，someone)any (anything，anybody，anyone)no (nothing，nobody，no one) every (everything，everybody，everyone)all，each，both，much，many，(a) little，(a) few，other(s)，another，none，one，either， neither等一般来讲，修饰不定代词的词要置于其后。复合不定代词/副词some一些any任何；一些no 无every每个somebodyanybodynobodyeverybodysomeoneanyoneno oneeveryonesomethinganythingnothingeverythingsomewhereanywherenowhereeverywhere1. 复合不定代词作主语时，都作_看待，其谓语动词用_ 形式。2. 复合不定代词/副词若有定语修饰，该定语要放在复合不定代词/副词_。For lunch, we had something very specialMalaysian yellow noodles.Do you have anything to say?Can you find _ (else, anyone)?Did you go _ (interesting, somewhere)?两者三者其一都都不两者三者及以上either / neither of + 名词/代词复数 + 谓语动词_数eitheror或neithernor连接两个名词作主语，需要遵循_原则肯定否定肯定否定修饰可数名词复数修饰不可数名词other一族：泛指（3者/部之一）特指（两者/部之一）单数another /another onethe other /the other one复数others/other onesthe others/the other onesWe have two cats. _ is black and _ is white. A. One; one B. One; the other C. One; other D. One; another 其他each & every 每一个There are trees on _ side of the road._ student passed the exam._ of us wears a yellow T-shirt.each强调_，作主语时，谓语动词用_形式。另外，其可以用来指_或_以上的人或物。every强调_，修饰名词时谓语动词要用_ 形式。只可以用来指_或_以上的人或物。each可以用作_，而every不可以。（each of）如：Each of the boys has got a pencil and some paper.【精讲精练】一、单项选择( )1. Mr. White has a beautiful garden with many _ in it.A. flowersB. grassC. villagesD. water( )2. Whats in the cupboard?A few _, but little _.A. apples; coffeeB. coffee; applesC. apple; coffeesD. coffee; apples( )3. He gave us _ on how to protect eyes.A. some advicesB. some adviceC. an adviceD. a advice( )4. The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many _ there.A. birdB. duckC. sheepD. rabbit( )5. A group of _ are talking with two _ over there.A. Frenchmen; GermansB. Frenchmen; GermenC. German; FrenchmenD. Germans; Frenchmans( )6. There are _ and _ on the table.A. two boxes cake; four bottle of orangesB. two boxes cake; four bottle of orangeC. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orangeD. two boxs of cakes; four bottles of orange( )7. _ mothers are _ teachers. A. Lucys and Mary; womanB. Lucy and Mary; woman C. Lucys and Marys; womenD. Lucy and Marys; women ( )8. With whom did you watch 2014 World Cup Opening Ceremony?_.A. A friend of mineB. A friend of me C. A friend of my sisterD. A friend of you ( )9. How far is it from your home to school? Its about twenty _ walk. A. minutesB. minutesC. minutes D. minute ( )10. There is no _ that phones play an important part in modern life. A. questionB. problemC. answerD. doubt ( )11. He was born in Italy, but he had made China his _. A. familyB. addressC. houseD. home ( )12. The customers are pleased with the _ of the restaurant. A. balanceB. experienceC. surfaceD. service ( )13. Why didnt Sally play the violin at the concert last night? She said that her hand hurt, but that was only a (n) _. I saw her play tennis just now.A. matterB. excuseC. resultD. expression( )14. _ it is today!A. What fine weather B. What a fine weatherC. How a fine weatherD. How fine a weather( )15. This class _ now. Miss Gao teaches them.A. are studying B. is studyingC. be studyingD. studying( )16. How many _can you see in the picture?Only one.A. dog B. sheep C. child D. cat( )17. Well, you look so happy!Because I got a good _.A. work B. news C. job D. advice( )18. A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _ second.A. / B. the C. a D. an( )19. The operation is _ success and the patient is now out of _ danger.A. a, the B. a, 不填C. 不填, the D. 不填, 不填( )20.A. a, a B. a, theC. 不填, 不填 D. a, 不填( )21. How strange! These years my birthday always falls _.A. on the Sunday B. on a Sunday C. on Sunday D. at a Sunday( )22.A. the, a B. the, 不填C. a, 不填 D. 不填, the( )23. As we know, England is _ European country and Singapore is _ Asian country.A. an; anB. an; aC. a; aD. a; an( )24. There is _ “o” and _ “x” in “box”.A. a; anB. an; aC. a; aD. an; an( )25.A. / B. AC. AnD. The( )26. The education of _ young is always _ hot and serious topic.A. /; /B. the; aC. /; theD. the; /( )27. Every year _ Mothers Day is on _ second Sunday in May.A. the; theB. /; theC. the; /D. /; /( )28. What do you usually have for _ breakfast, Peter?A fried egg, three pieces of bread and a glass of milk.A. aB. anC. theD. /( )29. Sonia, is this your dictionary? Oh, no, its not _. Ask Li Lei. He is looking for _. A. me; hersB. mine; himC. my; herD. mine; his( )30.Thank you, Mrs. White. A. yourselvesB. yourselfC. yoursD. you ( )31. We all got wet in the rain because _ of us had an umbrella. A. bothB. noneC. no oneD. neither ( )32. I havent got a digital camera. I think you should buy _. Its useful for you. A. thisB. oneC. thatD. it ( )33. What a cold day! Stella, what would you like, hot coffee or juice? _ is OK. I really dont mind. A. AnyB. NeitherC. BothD. Either ( )34. What did you buy in the shop the day before yesterday? _. Because _ there isnt good enough. A. Something; nothingB. Anything; something C. Nothing; everythingD. Anything; everything ( )35. There is _ with the washing machine. It doesnt work. A. wrong seriously nothingB. seriously wrong something C. something seriously wrongD. anything seriously wrong ( )36. Could we see each other at 9 oclock tomorrow morning? Sorry, lets make it _ time. A. othersB. the other C. anotherD. other ( )37. Lucy and I are classmates. We _ in Class One. A. all are B. are allC. both are D. are both ( )38. How many students are there in the classroom? _. They are all in the lab. A. Some B. NoneC. All D. Neither ( )39. Would you like to have _ cake? No, thanks. Ive had two. Thats enough. A. other B. othersC. another D. the other 二、填空题1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40. The young man found it difficult to have dinner because some of his _ (牙齿) had been pulled out. 41. It is 100 meters race. = It is a _ race. 42. There is _ woman over there. _ woman is Meimeis mother. 43. He often goes to _ school by _ bike. 44. What _ important news! 45. _ am a monkey. Do you like _? _ name is Gugu. This house is _. (I) 46. _ (we) are in Class One. _ (they) are in Class Two. _ (we) classroom is bigger than _ (they). _ (we) often play basketball with _ (they). 【参考答案】 【知识点睛】名词分类：专有名词普通名词：可数名词（个体名词、集体名词）不可数名词（物质名词、抽象名词）名词的数：可数名词（单数、复数规则变化、不规则变化）不可数名词借助计量单位词表示量名词所有格：s（各有各s，共有共s）of双重所有格：n. + of + ns n. + of + 名物代句法功能：作主语、宾语、表语a Chinese Chinese a Japanese Japanese an Englishman Englishmen a Frenchman Frenchmen a German Germans an Indian Indians an American Americans an Australian Australians an Italian Italians an Arab Arabs a Canadian Canadians a European Europeans sports sports clothes clothes man men woman women 单数 apple 不定冠词 定冠词 零冠词 have a cold have a good time do sb. a favor （三）定冠词的用法 前文已经提到过 说话双方都知道的事物 有定语修饰的 the the old the taller the the Greens the all the time at the age of （四）零冠词的用法 D the / / / / the/a in danger on duty/watch 辅音音素 元音音素 A E F H I L M N O R S X a a an an an an a / an / half an hour what a nice day a very interesting story many a man so nice a girl how nice a film quite a good book rather a useful tool 三、代词 me my mine myself us our ours ourselves you your yours yourself you your yours yourselves him his his himself her her hers herself it its its itself them their theirs themselves she me her hers mine you he/she I we you they I John it it Its it 形式主语 it （二）疑问代词 主语 宾语 who/whom you are talking to 定语 工作/职业 身份 范围 范围 单数 单数第三人称 后面 anyone else somewhere interesting either both neither any all none 单 就近 a few few a little little B each Every/Each Each 个体 单数 两者 两者 整体 单数 三者 三者 代词 【精讲精练】 1-5：AABCA6-10：CCABD11-15：DDBAA 16-20：BCCBA 21-25：BBDDD 26-30：BBDDA 31-35：BBDCC 36-39：CDBC 40. teeth41. 100-meter42. a; The 43. /; /44. / 45. I; me; My; mine 46. We; They; Our; theirs; We; them 12 / 12