2019-2020年高三英语语法训练 主谓一致专项复习.doc

2019-2020年高三英语语法训练 主谓一致专项复习【复习目标】掌握主谓一致的原则。掌握主谓一致应注意的几个问题。【课前准备】要求学生回忆有关主谓一致的具体应用。 (1)主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。单数形式表示复数意义的词有people, police, audience等。(2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数或不可数，谓语动词用单数。形复意单(不可数)的词有：news, maths, physics等。3.就近原则谓语动词的单、复数取决于最靠近它的主语，如there be句型或用连词either.or.，neither.nor.,not only.but also等。4.要注意的几个问题。(1)class, family, team, country, school等集合名词作主语时，如果指整体，用单数；如果指每个成员，用复数。如:His family are watching TV in the sitting room.His family is very big.(2)trousers, shoes, glasses, socks, stockings, scissors单独作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但当它们与a pair of或pairs of连用时，谓语动词与pair的数保持一致。如：The pair of glasses fits you well.Several pairs of new shoes have been sent to the old men. (3)名词性物主代词后的动词单复数，取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：ours (=Our Party) is a great party.Your shoes are black, mine (=my shoes) are brown. 5.当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语单、复数而定。如：Mr Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday. 6.the+adj表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：The old are going to be looked after well. 7.and连接并列主语、谓语动词通常用复数，但如果指同个人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时and后面的名词无冠词。如：A speaker and writer is ing tomorrow.(同一个人)A speaker and a writer are ing tomorrow.(两个人) 8.Every A and every B/Each A and each B/No A and no B作主语时，谓语动词用单数，其中A、B代表单数名词。9.The number of+.，谓语动词用单数。A number of+.，谓语动词用复数，相当于a lot of。如：The number of the students in our class is 50.A number of students are learning Japanese now.10.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致Behind the house are some trees.11.表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.12.几分之几/half of/part of/the rest of+n/pron.作主语，谓语动词由后面的n/pron决定。而one of+n/pron作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Two thirds of the bread was eaten. 13.名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：The doctors is on the other side of the street.14.表示“一段时间”“一段距离”“一些钱”的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：Six miles is too far for an old man to walk.15.关系代词who, that, which在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数与先行词一致。如：Those who want to go have signed their names here.16.疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词根据说话人所表达的意思决定单复数。如：Who live next door? Its Zhang and Liu./Who lives next door? Its Liu.17. more than one + 单数动词18. 在定语从句中,先行词是one of + 复数名词 + 复数谓语动词19. The population of the city + 单数谓语动词 50% of the population + 复数谓语动词20. This kind of book + 单数谓语动词 The books of this kind + 复数谓语动词21.many a + 名词单数 + 单数谓语动词 Many a + 名词单数 and many a + 名词单数 + 单数谓语动词 Many a boy and many a girl has seen this film【典型例题解析】例1 The rich _ not always happy.A. are B. is C. has D. have解析the + adj.表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数，故选A。例2 The Olympic Games _ held every_ years.A. is，four B. are，four C. is，five D. are，five解析 每四年一次的奥林匹克往往看作复数。故选B。例3 No one but her classmates _it.A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. are knowing解析 当主语后跟有but引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数按but前面部分的单复数而定。故选B。例4 解析表示一些钱的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数，故选D。例5 No bird and no beast _ on the lonely island.V-ing 的句法功能一、V-ing 的基本时态与语态主动被动一般式doing / teaching Being taught完成式having done/ having taughthaving being taught一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动作的同时或紧跟着之后。They began singing just now.完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。Mike was praised for having done a good dead.主动或被动视动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系而定。Thank you for ing. He escaped being skilled in the battle.二、句法功能1 主语 一般看作单数不可数名词，谓语使用单数形式。Looking after children is her job.常可用it做形式主语，真正动名词短语置于句末。It is really tiring working late like this. 常用动名词作主语句型。 It is a waste of +V-ing / It is no/ little good / use + V-ing / It is worth V-ing There is no use/ good V-ing / There is nothing worse than V-ing 动名词与no连用 表示禁止。No smoking / No parking / No spitting2. 宾语 分为动词宾语与介词宾语。动词后加动名词作宾语：advise consider(考虑) admit appreciate感谢感激 mind suggest 建议 fancy 想象avoid 避免excuse 原谅delay 推迟 imagine deny否认enjoy keep practise resist 抵制 escape risk冒险 allow permit forbid 禁止miss错过mind finish 动词词组：cant help give up be worth be/get used to look forward to盼望 plain of 抱怨 object to 反对care for 喜欢 feel like insist on get down to devote to see to set about put off rely on 依靠 think of What/ How about V-ing?3. 表语 动名词作表语时通常不强调具体动作,表语解释主语。His hobby is collecting stamps. 现在分词作表语，表示主语所具有的特征，相当形容词，常为：令人 This film is exciting.4. 定语 动名词置于名词前表示名词的用途与性能： a swimming pool a waiting room a hiding place a changing room a guessing game a walking stick 现在分词作定语表示名词在进行的动作，其动作通常是与谓语动作同时或基本同时发生并在进行中。running water a flying bird a waiting car a sleeping boy分词的完成式不能充当定语。如果动作有先后关系，则不用现在分词作定语，可改用定语从句。正: The students who have seen the film are ing out of the cinema.误: The students seeing / having seen the film are ing out of the cinema.5. 宾语补足语：表示动作正在进行，宾语与宾补的关系为主动being done表被动关系I saw a girl running towards me. I saw the child being beaten by his father.可以加宾补的动词：V+宾语+宾补 表示感觉的动词：see hear look at listen to feel watch notice observe find 使役动词：have make keep ; send leave start set catch 6. 状语: 可作时间原因条件方式伴随或结果状语。分词表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生或几乎同时，与逻辑主语间为主动关系（通常逻辑主语为主句的主语）；若先发生则使用分词的完成式。现在分词的被动式表示动作正在被进行。Being poor, he couldnt afford a TV set. Working hard, youll surely succeed. The boy sat in front of the farmhouse cutting the branch. Not having received her letter for long, he felt a little worried.Being helped by the teacher, she will learn English well.注意 ： 分词作状语时，主句前不能使用任何连词。Being an engineer, so he can repair the engine.7现在分词的独立主格结构。如果主句的主语不是分词的逻辑主语，则在分词前加主语，称为独立主格结构。The operation being over, the patient was sent back to his room.Winter having ing, its getting colder and colder. Her mother being ill, she had to look after her at home.固定习惯语：generally/ strictly/ honestly/ frankly/ roughly speaking talking of/ about considering judging from/ by considering