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小学英语语法,名词篇,1.概念:表示事物名称的词,2.形式:可数名词和不可数名词,3.可数名词-有数量上的区别, 即单数和复数,4.不可数名词-无数量上的区别， 当作单数使用,备注： a和an常用来修饰可数名词，意思是“一个”。 一般情况下，当名词或名词短语是以元音音素 开头时，用an表示一个；其他用a表示一个。( ),an hour,一般,可数名词单数变复数的变化规则：,6不规则名词复数： man-men; woman-women; fish-fish; sheep-sheep; child-children; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; people-people; mouse-mice; Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese deer-deer小鹿,写出下列各词的复数 I _him_ it _her _ watch _ child _ photo _ diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _ peach _ milk _ man _ woman _ sandwich _,we,them,they/them,them/their,watches,children,photos,diaries,days,feet,books,dresses,teeth,strawberries,sheep,boxes,thieves,peaches,milk,men,women,sandwiches,代词篇,一、人称代词,1、意义：谁（ ）,2、分类：主格和宾格,3、用法：用于指代人、物或事的词 人称代词的主格放在句子前面作主语 宾格放在动词后面作宾语,我，我们，你，你们，他，她，它，他们,代词篇,二、物主代词,1、意义：谁的（ ）,2、分类：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,3、用法： 用于指代物品所属的词 形容词性物主代词后需加名词，不可单独使用 名词性物主代词后不加名词，可单独使用,我的，我们的，你的，你们的， 他的，她的，它的，他们的,代词篇,I we you you he she it they,me us you you him her it them,my our your your his her its their,mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs,用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. That is not _ cat. That cat is very big, but _ is very small. ( I ) 2. The dress is _. Give it to _.( she ) 3. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _ . ( he ) 4. I can find my pen, but wheres _? ( you ) 5. Show _ your new kite, OK? ( we ),my,mine,hers,her,He,His,his,yours,us,形容词篇,1.概念:用来修饰人、物或事的词,2.形式:原级、比较级、最高级,3.比较级：两个（也可以是两类）人或 事物相比较时，需使用形容 词的比较级形式,一般,形容词原级变比较级的变化规则：,形容词原级变比较级的变化规则：,好：goodbetter 坏：badworse 多：manymore muchmore 少：littleless 远：farfarther/further,备注：asas 也可使用在相比较的句子中，意思是“和 一样”， asas中间用形容词的原级,一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 short _ strong _ big _ small _ fat _ thin _ heavy _ light _ nice _ good _ beautiful _ low _ slow _ far _ fast _ late _ early _,shorter,stronger,bigger,smaller,fatter,thinner,heavier,lighter,nicer,better,more beautiful,lower,slower,farther/further,faster,later,earlier,二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式。 1. My brother is two years _ (old) than me. 2. Tom is as _ (fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister _ (young) than you? 4. Who is _ (thin), you or Helen? 5. Mary is not as _ (tall) as the other girls. 6.My eyes are _ (big) than _ (she).,older,fat,younger,thinner,tall,bigger,hers,三、翻译句子： 1、谁比Jim年纪大？ _ is _ than Jim？ 2、我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。 I like _ .All my _ are _ than me. 3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？ _ pencil is _, _ or _？ 4、我母亲比我父亲年纪小。 My _ _ _ than my _. 5、多做运动，你会更强壮。 _ more exercise, youll be _ soon.,Who older,swimming,friends slower,Whose longer,his hers,Mother is younger father,Do,stronger,动词篇,1、be动词：,2、情态动词：,3、助动词：,4、行为动词：,注：I和am固定搭配，其他单数is复数are.,am, is, are,can, may, must,注： 情态动词后用动词原形。 含有情态动词的句子，变成否定句和一般 疑问句的规则和be动词变化规则基本一致。,do, does, did,注： 助动词帮助行为动词构成否定句和一般疑 问句。 有助动词的句子，行为动词需用原形。,play, swim, run,口诀一： 句中含有be动词，变成否定很简单。 be后加not,意义即否定。,口诀二： 句中含有be动词，变成一般疑问句有步骤。 be动词提前；首字母大写； 句号变问号； 读句子用升调； I和we变成you；my和our变成your。,口诀一： 句中含有情态动词，变成否定很简单。 情态动词后加not,意义即否定。,口诀二： 句中含有情态动词，变成一般疑问句有步骤。 情态动词提前；首字母大写； 句号变问号； 读句子用升调； I和we变成you；my和our变成your.,一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。 如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 如：I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。 如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。,动词及时态篇:一般现在时,时间,状态,动词,一般现在时的构成 be动词： 主语 + be (am, is, are) + 其它。如： I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2. 行为动词： 主语 + 行为动词( 其它)。如： We study English.我们学习英语。 注: 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加“s”或“es” (规则同名词单数变复数相似) 如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。,含有be动词的句式变化 肯：主语 + be + 其他。 否：主语 + be + not + 其他。 问：Be + 主语 + 其他？ 答：Yes, 主语 be. / No, 主语 be not. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 其他？,讲义共享,I am a happy student.,I am not a happy student.,Are you a happy student?,Yes, I am. / No, Im not.,Who / What are you?,He is a teacher.,He is not a teacher.,Is he a teacher?,Yes, he is. / No, he isnt.,Who / What is he? = What is his job?,含有行为动词的句式变化： 肯: 主 + 行为动词(s/es) + 其他。 否: 主 + dont / doesnt +行为动词 + 其他。 问: Do / Does + 主 + 行为动词 + 其他？ 答: Yes, 主 do/does. / No, 主 dont/doesnt. 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词 + do/does + 主 + 行为动词 + 其他?,I go to school by bus every day.,I dont go to school by bus every day.,Do you go to school by bus every day?,Yes, I do. / No, I dont.,How do you go to school every day?,When do you go to school by bus?,What do you do every day?,He likes swimming.,He doesnt like swimming.,Does he like swimming?,Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.,What does he like doing?,Who likes swimming?,动词第三人称单数变化规则：,一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _,drinks,goes,stays,makes,looks,has,passes,carries,二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _ (be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Mondays. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sundays. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. _ your parents often _ (read) books? 7. Mrs. Wu _ (teach) us English on Sundays. 8. She and I usually _(take) a walk together.,has,are,dont watch,doesnt go,Do,like,Do,read,take,teaches,三、按照要求改写句子 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答) 4. We go to school on Sundays.(改为否定句),Daniel doesnt watch TV every evening.,Do you do your homework every day? No, I dont.,Does she like milk? Yes, she does.,We dont go to school on Sundays.,现在进行时,现在进行时的功能：,现在进行时的构成:,1、现在进行时表示此时此刻正在进行或发生的动作。,如：My mother is cooking in the kitchen. 我妈妈正在厨房里做饭。,2、表示即将发生的动作。,如：Look！The bus is coming.看,公交车来啦。,主 + be + 动词ing.,夹心面包/汉堡/ Be动词不能少！,现在进行时的句式变化： 肯：主 + be + 动词ing + （其他）。 否：主 + be + not + 动词ing + （其他）。 问：Be + 主 + 动词ing + （其他）？ 答：Yes, 主 + be. / No, 主 + be + not. 特殊疑问句：,My mother is not reading in the bedroom.,My mother is reading in the bedroom.,Is your mother reading in the bedroom?,Yes, she is. / No, she isnt.,What is your mother doing in the bedroom?,Where is your mother reading?,Who is reading in the bedroom?,动词的现在分词（动词后加ing）变化规则：,一、写出下列动词的现在分词： run _ swim _ make _ begin _ write _ shop _ go _ skip _ put _ have _ sing _ dance _ see _ live _ take _ come _ get _ sit _,running,swimming,making,beginning,writing,shopping,going,skipping,putting,having,singing,dancing,seeing,living,taking,coming,getting,sitting,二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空： 1.The boy _ (draw) a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ (sing) in the classroom 3. My mother _ (cook) some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look! They _(have) an English lesson .,is drawing,are singing,is cooking,are doing,are having,三、句型转换： 1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) _ _ 2The students are doing their homework. ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定回答) _ _,Are they doing housework?,They are not doing housework.,Are the students doing their homework?,Yes, they are.,一般将来时,一般将来时的功能,如：I will play football this weekend. 我这个周末要去踢足球。,2.表示打算、计划或预备做某事。,如：I am going to play football this weekend. 我打算这个周末踢足球。,1.表示将要发生的事情。,一般将来时的结构,主 + be going to / will + 动词原形 + 其他。,一般将来时的句式变化 肯:主 + be going to+ 动词原形 + 其他。 主 + will + 动词原形 + 其他。 否:主 + be not going to t 动词原形 + 其他。 主 + will not/wont + 动词原形 + 其他。,I am going to play football tomorrow.,I will play football tomorrow.,I am not going to play football tomorrow.,I will not/wont play football tomorrow.,一般将来时的句式变化 问:Be + 主 + going to+ 动词原形 + 其他。 Will + 主 + 动词原形 + 其他? 答:Yes, 主 be. / No, 主 be not. Yes, 主 will. / No, 主 will not/wont.,Are you going to play football tomorrow?,Will you play football tomorrow?,Yes, I am. / No, Im not.,Yes, I will. / No, I wont.,一般将来时的句式变化 特殊疑问句： I am going to play football tomorrow. I will play football tomorrow. When are you going to play football? When will you play football?,I am going to play football tomorrow.,What are you going to do tomorrow?,I will play football tomorrow.,What will you do tomorrow?,练习：填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends tomorrow. I _ have a picnic with my friends tomorrow. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 _ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _ you _ _ meet?,am going to,will,are you going to do,am going to,Is going to weekend,is,is going to,are going to,用所给词的适当形式填空。 1.Tomorrow is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic in the afternoon. 2.My brother _(go) to Shanghai next week. 3.Tom often _ (go) to school on foot. But today is rainy. He _ (go) to school by bike. 4. Mary usually _ (watch) TV on Sunday morning. But this Sunday, she _ (not watch) TV. Look, she _ (make) a cake now.,are going to have,is going to (go),goes,is going to (go),watches,isnt going to watch,is making,一般过去时,一般过去时的功能,如：I played football last weekend. 上周末我去踢足球了。,2.表示过去某个时间发生的动作。,如：I was very fat five years ago. 五年前我非常胖。,1.表示过去某个时间存在的状态。,一般过去时的结构,主 + 动词过去式( ) + 其他。,be动词、行为动词、情态动词,一般过去时的句式变化： 肯：主 + be（was/were） + 其他。 否：主 + be (was/were) + not 其他。 问：Be (was/were) + 主 + 其他 ？ 答：Yes, 主 + be. / No, 主 + be + not. 特殊疑问句：,I was not/wasnt very fat five years ago.,I was very fat five years ago.,Were you very fat five years ago?,Yes, I was. / No, I wasnt.,When were you very fat?,How were you five years ago?,一般过去时的句式变化： 肯：主 + 动词过去式 + 其他。 否：主 + didnt + 动词原形 + 其他。 问：Did + 主 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 答：Yes, 主 + did. / No, 主 + didnt. 特殊疑问句：,I didnt play football last weekend.,I played football last weekend.,Did you play football last weekend?,Yes, she did. / No, she didnt.,When did you play football?,What did you do last weekend?,动词过去式变化规则：,常用不规则动词过去式： am、is- , are- , do- , see- , say- , give- , get- ， go- , come- , have- , eat- ， take- , run- , sing- , put- , make- , read- , write- , draw- , drink- , swim- , sit- ， ride- , hit-,was,were,did,saw,said,gave,got,went,came,had,ate,took,ran,sang,put,made,read,wrote,drew,drank,swam,sat,rode,hit,用动词的适当形式填空 It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday. We all _ (have) a good time last night. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day. Helen _ (milk) a cow last Friday. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read) 6. _ they _ (sweep) the floor every Sundays? No, they _. 7. He _ (watch) a cartoon on Sunday evenings.,was,had,jumped,milked,reading,read,Do sweep,dont,watches,英语中的有：There be 和have、 has,1、某人有某物-have、has,他、她、它有用has 其他人称（我、我们、你、你们、他们）用have,2、某处有某物-there is / there are,单数和 不可数时用there is 复数时用there are,备注：some和any常用在there be句型中。 some用在肯定句中，any用在否定句和疑问句中 表示邀请和建议的疑问句中用some,一、选用“have、 has、there is 、there are” 填空。 1. I _ a good father and a good mother. 2. _ a telescope on the desk. 3. He _ a lovely dog. 4. _ some boys in the playground. 5. She _ some dresses. 6. _ two books and a pen in my bag. 7. _ a pen and two books in my bag.,have,There is,has,There are,has,There are,There is,二、选用some或any填空。 1、There isnt _ milk in the fridge. 2、I can see _ cars, but I cant see _ buses. 3、He has _ friends in England. 4、Were there _ fruit trees on the farm? 5、-Would you like _ cakes? -No, thanks. But Id like _ coffee.,any,some,any,any,some,some,some,6、Does Tom want to take _ photos? 7、Is there _ rice in the kitchen? 8、There are _ new buildings in our school. 9、Here are _ presents for you. 10、 -Are there _ pictures on the wall? -No, there arent _ pictures.,any,any,any,any,some,some,Thank you!,
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