定语从句介词+which-介词+whom.ppt

1. This is the novel _ interests me. 2. The magazine _ I bought yesterday is lost. 3. The man _ is talking with my sister is a policeman. 4. He lives in a room_ window faces north.,Revision,that/which,(that/which),who,whose,I agree with the idea _ you approve of.,（that/which/不填）,做of 的宾语,I agree with the idea you approve of which.,I agree with the idea of which you approve .,请还原which 在从句中的位置,当关系代词充当定于从句中某一介词的宾语时，通常把介词提前，用“介词关系代词”来引导定语从句。,介词+which（指物）而不用 that 介词+whom （指人）而不用 who,注意：,当介词前置时，只能用 whom 指人，which 指物,This is the boy. I played tennis _the boy yesterday. Well go to hear the famous singer. We have often talked _the famous singer.,with,about,This is the boy whom /that/ / /who I played tennis with yesterday.,Well go to hear the famous singer whom /who /that / / we have often talked about.,with,about,This school is very famous. He once studied _ this school. Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine. You asked _the magazine.,in,for,This school which /that/ / he once studied in is very famous.,Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine which / that / / you asked for.,in,for,在介词+which/ whom 引导定语的从句中，我们需要注意以下几点,1,在非正式的英语表达中，介词常常在定语从句的句尾。page.28.2,2,当介词处于定于从句的句尾时“whom”“ which” 可以用“that” 代替“whom” 可以用“who”替代。Page.28.3,3,当关系代词充当定语从句中介词的宾语且介词位于定语从句句末时“which ”“whom”可以省略。Page.28.4,4,在以 way为先行词的定语从句中通常由in which或that引导，此时way在定语从句中充当状语，而且通常可以省略。 The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。 I dont like the way (that / in which/) you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。,补充 当the way 在定语从句中做主语或是宾语时，与普通先行词无异,I want to know the way he told you yesterday.,(that/Which),tell sb. sth.,介词的选用原则 1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭 配来决定。如： This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan. This is the book for which I paid 8 yuan.,spend money on sth.为固定搭配,pay money for sth.为固定搭配,2) 根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如： I remember the day on which I joined the League. I remember the days during which I lived here. I remember the month in which I stayed there.,强调在具体某一天要用介词on,强调在某几天时间内要用介词during,在month前介词要用in,3) 根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定 Oxygen, _ which man cant live, is really important. 氧气特别重要，没有它，人不能生存。 The pen _which he is writing now was bought yesterday. 他现在用的那支钢笔是昨天买的。,without,with,4注意： 属于固定搭配的动词短语，介词一般不能提前. 常见的这类动词短语有: look for/after/forward to, care for(照顾，喜欢） hear of/about/from, take care of (优化方案P75) 例如 This is the right place Im looking for. The girl whom he is looking after is his sister.,1. Do you know the girl_ our head teacher is talking ? 2. I cant find my dictionary _I paid over $100 . 3. This is the good car_ _I spent all my money. 4. She is the teacher _all his students show respect . 5. The teacher_ _you have been waiting is coming in a minute.,More Practice,to/with/about whom,for which,on which,to whom,for whom,talking to/with /about the girl,pay for the dictionary,spend money on the car,show respect to the teacher,waiting for the teacher,1) The German boss_ the actress works is a kind person. 2) The host _ _ the guest speaker works likes singing. 3) The pen friend _ the poet writes is good at literature.,for whom,with whom,to whom,test yourself,China is a beautiful country, _ _ we are proud. Do you remember the day _ _ you joined our club? This is the house _ _ I lived two years ago. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ _ she could turn for help. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ _ she could ask for help.,of,on which,in which,to whom,from whom,which,Fill in the blanks with“介词+which/whom”:,Have you met the person _ he was speaking? He is the man _ you can turn for help.,The farm _ we worked then years ago isnt what it used to be. This is the tree _ we used to play games.,The pen _ he is writing now was bought yesterday. The gas _ we can not live is called oxygen.,More examples,about whom,to whom,on which,under which,with which,without which,1. 定语从句中关系副词有： when, where, why 2. 关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份： 关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。 when 作时间状语； where 作地点状语； why 作原因状语,定语从句中关系副词的用法,He remember the day when his father died. I went back to the place where I was born and grew up. Please give me the reason why you were late this time.,when 作时间状语，意为 on the day,where 作地点状语，意为in the place,why作原因状语，意为for the reason,3. 并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when, where, why，若先行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，就必须用which或that 如： We often think of the days we spent together in the countryside.,which在定语从句中作宾语,Which,比较: We often think of the days we worked together in the countryside.,when,when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于 on the days,We believe the reason he told us. 比较: The reason he was absent yesterday is still unknown.,that,why,做宾补,做原因状语,4. 关系副词when, where和why也可用“介词+which”来代替，要注意其先行词（名词）与介词的合理搭配，介词根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定。 when 相当于“at/in/during+which” where 相当于“in/at/on+which” why 相当于“for + which”,1,Is this the day I visited the museum? 2,This is the reason he didnt come to the meeting.,when/on which,why/for which,3,The reason he was absent yesterday is still unknown.,for which/ why,Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.,句中when相当于on which,where在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）” 如： This is the room where Lu Xun once lived.,句中when相当于in which,Detailed explanation,when 在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于 “介词+关系代词（which）”。如：,why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当 于“介词for+ 关系代词（which）” 如： Do you know the reason why she was late? It rained heavily, for which he was late for the class.,思考,是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?,1.The painting (_ I looked) was painted by me. 2.The book (_ I heard) was written twenty years ago.,at which,about which,3.The pen (_) she wrote that book) can now be seen in a museum. 4.Kunming is a beautiful place ( _ ) flowers are seen all the year round. 5.Yesterday we went to visit the house ( _ ) the great writer used to live.,with which,where/in which,where/in which,6. I will never forgot the day (_ ) I first met you on the ship. 7. The film (_I fell asleep) was very boring. 结论：只有当 “介词+关系代词”充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。,on which/when,during which,Complete each sentence using an attributive clause. Answers: 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ _,(which) I know very little about,in which I bought my favorite dress,about which I told you about last week,from whom I got the cup,from whom we learn how to write with brushes,Part B,Fill in the blanks using the words and phrases on page 31. Answers: 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _,why / for which,when / in which,where / in which,why / for which,where / in which,when / on which,