2019-2020年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列专题105Unit3-Unit5高频词汇分类解读含解析必修.doc

2019-2020年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列专题105Unit3-Unit5高频词汇分类解读含解析必修根据中等生基础知识不牢固的特点，将基础知识以2-3个单元为一讲，突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别。由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷，所以这部分重点强调学练结合。集中识记常考的完形填空词汇；常考的阅读中出现的词汇；常考的书面表达中的句型。完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析；阅读词汇重在记住词义即可，但数量要大；书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵，力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率。这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩。聚焦少而精的知识，直接对接高考。练习重在做到有的放矢，基础练习以单词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主。能力提升一定要由浅入深，让他们有成就感，迅速进入状态。句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法。词汇基础知识狂背：I.常考的完形填空词汇及短语：（注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高，完形30分志在必得，现在开始狂背。）（1）词汇1impression n. 印象；感想；印记impress vt. 使感动，使留下印象impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的have an impression of 对有印象be under the impression that. 认为；以为make an impression on 给留下印象impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人铭记某事物impress sb. with sth. 使某人铭记某事物be impressed by/at/with 对印象深刻an impressive scene 难忘的场面2previous adj.以前的；早先的previous to.在前；先于(to为介词)previously adv.先前地；以前地3guide n向导，指南，指导，导游，有指导意义的事物vt.指导，管理，带领a guide to.的指南guide post路标guide sb. through/across带领某人穿越4instant n瞬间，刹那adj.立即的，立刻的in instant need of help急需救助in an instant立刻；马上表“一就”的有：the minute/moment/second/instant, as soon as ，instantly, immediately, directly5assist vi. & vt. & n帮助；援助；协助assistance n援助；帮助；补助assistant n助手；助理 adj.辅助的；助理的assist sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事assist sb. in doing sth./to do sth.帮助某人做某事assist at/in sth.参加某事物e to sb.s assistance帮助某人with the assistance of在的帮助下6concentrate vt. 集中；全神贯注concentration n. 专心；专注concentrate (sth.) on (doing) sth. 集中于；专心于concentrate ones attention/efforts/thoughts on.把注意力/努力/思想集中到be concentrated in/on/upon sth. 集中于，专心于拓展：focus/fix ones attention on. 集中注意力于put ones mind/heart in (into) 专心于be absorbed in. 一心一意于apply oneself/ones mind to. 专心于pay attention to 专心，注意以上短语中 in, to 都是介词，后接名词或动名词。7acquire vt. 获得，取得，学到She acquired a knowledge of French.她学会了法语。8inform vt.告知；通知informed adj.了解情况的；见识广的inform sb. of/about sth.告知某人某事inform sb. (that).通知某人keep sb. informed使某人随时了解最新情况9case n. 情况；病例；案例in case of. 假使，万一in case 以防，万一in any case 无论如何，总之in this/that case 如果这样/那样的话，在这种/那种情况下in no case 决不in the case of 就来说as is often the case 这是常有的事as the case may/might be 看情况，视情况而定10accuse vt.控告；谴责accuse sb. of sth.charge sb. with sth.因某事而控告/谴责某人accuse sb. as.指控某人为accuse sb. for sth. 为某事指责某人拓展：与 accuse sb. of sth.结构相似的有：rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的某物warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某事remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某物inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事11demand n要求，需要 vt.强烈要求demand sth.要求某物demand sth. of/from sb.向某人要求某物demand to do要求干demand that.要求(从句用虚拟语气，即“should动词原形”，should可省略)be in(great) demand(迫切)需求satisfy ones demands满足某人的需求12approve v. 批准；满意approval n. U批准；赞成；认可approve sth. 核准(批准)某事approve of sb./sth. 赞成某人(某事)approve of sb.s doing sth. 同意某人做某事without approval 未经许可with ones approval 经某人同意13aid n&vt. 援助；资助；救助first aid 急救give/do/offer sb. first aidgive/do/offer first aid to sb.对某人进行急救with the aid/help of. 在的帮助下without sb.s aid/help 没有某人的帮助go to ones aid/help 前去帮助某人aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事aid sb. in/with. 为帮助某人14swell v(使)膨胀；增长 (swelled, swollen)n涌浪；海浪的涌动swollen adj.肿胀的swell(sth.) into/to sth.(使某物)膨胀，肿胀，增强，增多swell(sth.) with pride/anger etc.洋洋得意/怒气冲冲等15squeeze vt. & vi. 榨；挤；压榨squeeze out榨出；挤出squeeze.out of/from.把从中榨出来squeeze into/through.挤进16treat vt. 治疗；对待；款待 n款待；招待treat.as/like把当做treat sb./oneself(to sth.)请客吃be ones treat由/该某人请客17apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用vi.申请；请求；使用；有效apply to适用于apply.to.把应用到apply to sb. for.向某人申请apply oneself to(doing) sth.专注于；专心做某事（2）短语1take up 占去(时间/空间)；开始学习；从事；继续；接受；拿起；改短(衣服)；加入take off 脱(衣服)；起飞；成名take in 吸入；领会；包含；收留(某人)take away 解除；消除(痛苦等)take back 收回(说过的话)；退回(货物)；与重归于好，使回忆起take down (write down, note down) 写下；拆除take on 呈现(新面貌)；雇用；承担责任take for 当做；误认为take apart 拆开take over 接管，接收2lose sight of看不见at the sight of.在看到时catch sight of.望见，看到in/within sight在视线内，可以被看见in sight of.可以看见out of sight看不见了，不被人看见3speed up (使)加快速度；(使)增加速度at a/the speed of 以的速度run at full speed 以全速跑pick up speed 加快速度with all great speed 以全速，开足马力at a high/low speed 以高速/低速at (the) top speed 以最高速度speed limit 速度限制4depend on 依靠；依赖；信赖；依而定depend on/upon sth. 依靠某物；由决定depend on sb. to do sth. 指望/依靠某人做某事depend on/upon sb./sth. for sth.指望/依靠某人/某物提供某物depend on it that.相信某件事 (it是虚词，真正的内容是 that从句)depend onwhclause 依赖于That depends./It all depends.这很难说；得看情况。5so as to do sth. 以便，为了(做)(引导目的状语，不放于句首)in order to 以便，为了(引导目的状语，可放句首)so.as to 如此以致(引导结果状语)in order that 为了，以便(引导目的状语从句)so that 为了；结果(引导目的或结果状语从句)so.that. 如此以至于(引导结果状语从句)提示：当用 so as to, in order to时，句子前后动作的主语须一致。否则，用 so that, in order that。6fall ill生病fall asleep 睡着，入睡fall behind (竞赛等)落在(对方)后面；输给别人fall apart 土崩瓦解；(关系)崩裂，崩溃fall down 从落下；倒下；跌倒；(建筑物等)倒塌；(计划等)失败fall off 下降；跌落fall over 跌倒7in place 在适当的位置；适当out of place 不在适当的位置；不恰当in the first place 首先，第一in the next place 其次，第二点in place of. 代替take the place of. 代替，取代take ones place 代替某人；就座take place 发生，举行give place to 让位于，为取代8put ones hands onlay/get ones hands on 找到，得到at hand 在手边；即将来到by hand 用手做，靠手工from hand to hand 从一人手中传到另一人手中hand in hand 手拉手，共同地in hand 在手里；在掌握中，在控制下join hands 携手，联手on the one hand., on the other hand. 一方面，另一方面out of hand 无法控制9make a difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用make no difference(to sb./sth.)对某人/物没有作用或影响，对某人/物不重要/不要紧make some difference(to sb./sth.)对某人/物有些作用或影响tell the difference分辨，区分，区别（3）易混易错点拨1.constant/continual/continuous(1)constant adj.不断的，经常的，强调始终如一地经常出现。(2)continual adj.连续不断的；频繁的，表示时断时续的发生。(3)continuous adj.不停的，连续不断的，强调中间不停顿。(1)the _ wash of the tides潮水不停的拍击(2)They have had a 3 days _ flight.他们已经有了一个连续三天的飞行。(3)Air is in _ motion.空气在不停地运动。continual continuous constant2. assist/help/aid(1)assist正式用语，多指在提供帮助时，帮助者起次要或协助作用。(2)help最普遍用语，含义广泛。指“以积极态度给予各方面的帮助”，强调“受助者得到帮助或好处”，并着重受助者对帮助的需要；侧重积极地为他人提供物质、精神或其他方面的帮助。 (3)aid正式用词，指帮助他人脱离危险或战胜困难，着重强调强者对急需帮助的弱者的帮助。 (1)They _ flood victims.他们援助遭受水灾的灾民。(2)She _ him in his experiments.她协助他做实验。(3)Please _ me arrange these papers.请帮我整理这些文件。aided assisted help3. profession/career/occupation/job/work(1)profession工作，一般指受过特殊训练和良好教育的职业，如医生、律师等；(2)career尤指一生的职业，可译为“事业”；(3)occupation职业，较正式用语，常用在填写表格上；(4)job职业，同occupation一样为可数名词，可指一个单独任务，也可指工作职位；(5)work工作，不可数。(1)Please state your _ here.请把您的职业填在这里。(2)Ive got some _ to do this afternoon.我今天下午有些工作要干。(3)He is hunting for a summer _.他正急着找个暑期工作。occupation work job(4)He realized that his acting _ was over.他意识到自己的演艺事业结束了。(5)My brother is a policeman by _.我弟弟的职业是警察。career profession4. injury/wound/hurt/damage/harm(1)injury指平时的大、小创伤或伤害，也可用于无生命物。(2)wound指战斗中刀或枪的创伤、伤口。(3)hurt尤指精神上或感情上的伤害，肉体上的伤痛。(4)damage指损失、损害(不表示伤痛)，主要用于物。(5)harm指精神和肉体上的极大损害，不但可用于生物也可用于抽象事物。(1)Too much drinking will do you great _/do great _ to you.过量饮酒有害。(2)He got an _ in the accident.他在事故中受伤。(3)Fires caused by the California Earthquake did the most _.在加利福尼亚大地震中，火灾造成的损失最大。harm harm injury damage(4)The soldier had a _ in his chest.这位战士胸部受伤。(5)My sympathy eased his _.我的同情减轻了他的痛苦。wound hurt5. a number of/the number of同：两者均修饰可数名词复数。异：a number of是指“大量的”，后面的谓语动词是复数形式。the number of是指“的数量”，后面的谓语动词是单数形式。(1)_ students in my class is 56.(2)_ our classmates love English.The number of A number ofII.点句型背诵1.if possible 为状语从句的省略，其完整形式为 if it is possible。 If possible, do it by yourself.可能的话，你自己做。If possible, Ill go to Beijing tomorrow.如果可能的话，明天我要去北京。拓展：if so 如果这样的话if not 如果不是的话if any 如果有的话if necessary 如果必要的话if ever 如果曾经有的话2.when 并列连词，意为“这时”，相当于 and then。 when 作并列连词用时，构成并列句，意为“就在这时，恰恰在这时”，多用在下列句型中：.be doing.when. 正在这时.be about to do.when. 正打算做这时be just going to do.when. 正要这时had just done.when. 刚做了这时be on the point of doing.when. 正要这时He was sleeping when there was a knock at the door.他正在睡觉，这时有人敲门。I was about to go out when someone knocked at the door. 我刚想出门，这时有人敲门。We had just begun to work when the machine broke down. 我们刚开始工作，这时机器坏了。The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the ladys handbag when the bus suddenly stopped.小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提袋中，这时公共汽车突然停了。3.what 引导名词性从句时，常含有事情、状况、言语、时间和地点的意味。What surprised me most was his way of speaking.最让我吃惊的是他的说话方式。(what 表事情)She is no longer what she used to be.她不再是以前的样子了。(what 表状况)We were all confused by what he said.我们都被他说的话弄迷糊了。(what 表言语)He had driven for what seemed three hours.他开车开了似乎三个小时了。(what 表时间)They finally reached what was called “a lonely island”他们终于来到了一个叫“孤岛”的地方。(what 表地点)4.形容词在句中做伴随状语。He spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.他又冷又饿地在风雪中过了7天。For a moment she just stood there, unable to believe what had just happened.她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，简直不能相信刚才发生的事。He lay on the bed, awake.他躺在床上，醒着。The boy lay, relaxed on the sofa.小男孩放松地躺在沙发上。Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.新的环境把我弄得心烦意乱的，由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到受不了。5.部分倒装句(1)在以具有否定意义的副词、连词及词组开头的句子中，要用部分倒装。(2)这些词和词组通常有：rarely, never, scarcely, no sooner, little, few, hardly, seldom, at no time, in no way, on no account, nowhere, nobody, not only等。Never before has our country been as united as it is.现在我们的国家空前团结。Not only does he know French, but also he is an expert at it.他不仅懂法语，而且很精通。6.(1)be to do 句型有三层含义：表示“注定要发生”预先安排好的计划或约定表示说话人的意图、职责、义务、命令等情态意义。(2)be about to do sth. 表“马上要做某事，某事即将发生”，通常不与时间状语连用。(3)be going to do sth. 表打算、想法或某种倾向，用于非正式文体。也可用来表示很可能发生的事或自然现象。The experience was to change her life.这次经历必会改变她的一生。No one is to leave the building without the polices permission.没有警方的允许，没有一个人可以离开楼房。We are to finish the work before five this afternoon.我们预定今天下午五点前完成任务。The book was not to be found.那本书根本不可能找到。7.case “情况”，在本句中为先行词，where 引导定语从句，在从句中做地点状语，相当于 in the case。当先行词为 case, point, situation, position等时，常用 where 引导定语从句。Can you think of a situation where this word can be used？你能想出能使用这个单词的语境吗？We are in a position where we may lose a large sum of money.我们在这种处境下可能会损失大量金钱。8. (1)be supposed to do sth. 意为“应当做”或“认为做是必须的”。如：He is supposed to be here in about an hour.他大约一小时后到。He was supposed to be a college graduate but he knew nothing of history.按说他是大学毕业生，但他对历史一点儿也不知道。(2)be supposed to have done sth. 则意为“理应做过某事(但可能没有做)”，这里有虚拟的含义。Jack is supposed to have finished his work now.杰克现在应当已经完成工作了。拓展：suppose sb./sth. to be. 认为某人/某物是It is supposed thatclause 人们认为be supposed to be. 被认为/料想是be supposed to do sth. 被期望，应该；获准(用于否定句)I suppose so. 我认为是这/那样。I suppose not. 我认为不是这/那样。What do you suppose陈述语序？你认为？Suppose/Supposing/Provided/Providing (that) 是表假设的条件状语从句，从句中将来的事不用将来时而用一般现在时。III.阅读理解技法每日点拨分析写作目的要求考生分析作者运用某一写作手法的目的。常见的提问方式有：1. The writer uses . to(show that) _.2. By quoting ., the author intends to _.3. By telling the story of ., the author intends to _.4. The story of . is used to _.作者运用某种写作手法的目的或是要引出主题、突出主题，或是要吸引读者关注主题，或是要把主题说明得更清楚。常用的写作手法的目的有：(1)开头提出问题让读者关注主题。(2)简介相关事物引出主题。(3)列举具体事例说明主题。(4)运用比拟或比喻让读者容易理解抽象或陌生的事物。(5)引语说明或论证某个观点，或使自己的观点更有说服力。无论哪种手法，也不管出于何种目的，都必定与主题相关，为主题服务。读写微技能导练推断写作目的的两条思路题目要求考生推断作者写文章的目的，题干中常有purpose，或后面需接表示目的的动词不定式intend to, mean to, in order to等。推断作者写文章的目的有两大思路，解题时要综合考虑：1. 主旨推断法。写作意图与文章主旨密切相关，因此，解答这类题跟解答主旨大意题和选择文章标题一样，用略读法，即重点关注文章首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨，然后由主旨来推断作者的写作目的。议论文、新闻报道、说明文等，其主题句多在文首。2. 文体推断法。作者的写作目的与文体密切相关。(1)议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同某一观点，倡导某种做法等。(2)说明文的目的是使读者获得某种知识，提出某种建议、劝告或呼吁，或希望引起有关部门或人士对某现象给予重视。(3)记叙文的目的一般是分享一段有趣的经历，告诉读者一个有趣的故事，使读者获得乐趣；若是夹叙夹议的文章，则是表达作者的感悟或给读者某种教育或启示。(4)广告是作者要推销一种产品或一种服务，因此其目的是吸引更多顾客、游客、读者、订户、观众等。【安徽省蚌埠市第二中学xx届高三12月月考】 As we all know, millions of people worldwide cook their food over smoky fire every day. It is often difficult to find wood for the fire. People who do not have wood must spend large amounts of money on cooking fuel. However, there is a much easier way to cook food using energy from the sun. Solar cooker, or ovens, have been used for centuries. A Swiss scientist made the first solar oven in seventeen sixty-seven. Today, people are using solar cookers in many countries around the world. People use solar ovens to cook food and to heat drinking water to kill bacteria and other harmful organisms. There are three kinds of solar ovens. The first is a box cooker, It is designed with a special wall that shines or reflects sunlight into the box .Heat gets trapped under a piece of glass or plastic covering the top of the cooker. A box oven is effective for slow cooking of large amounts of food. The second kind of solar oven is a panel cooker. It includes several flat walls or panels that directly reflect the suns light onto the food. The food is inside a separate container of plastic or glass that traps heat energy. People can build panel cookers quickly and with very few supplies. They do not cost much. In Kenya ,for example ,panel cookers are being manufactured for just two dollars. The third kind of solar oven is a parabolic cooker. It has rounded walls that aim sunlight directly into the bottom of the oven .Food cooks quickly in parabolic ovens .However, these cookers are hard to make. They must be re-aimed often to follow the sun .Parabolic cookers can also cause burns and eye injuries if they are not used correctly. You can make solar ovens from boxes or heavy paper. They will not catch fire. Paper burns at two hundred thirty-two degrees Celsius. A solar cooker never gets that hot. Solar ovens cook food at low temperatures over long periods of time. This permits people to leave food to cook while they do other things.24. If you have much food to cook , youd better choose_ . A. a box cooker B. a panel cooker C. a parabolic cooker D. a paper cooker25. According to the passage we can conclude that _. A. panel cooker is easy to make B. box cooker is easy to make C. box cooker is the most effective oven D. panel cooker is the cheapest oven of the three26. What is the main purpose of the author in writing the passage? A. To advertise the solar ovens. B. To help readers to save cost on fuel. C. To tell the readers how to make solar ovens. D. To give the readers brief introduction of solar ovens.【文章大意】本文介绍了三种不同的太阳能灶及这些太阳能灶台的特点及使用方法。24. A 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段最后一句A box oven is effective for slow cooking of large amounts of food.可知a box oven可以用来烹饪大量的食物。故A正确。25. A 考查细节理解。根据第四段第三句People can build panel cookers quickly and with very few supplies.可知人们使用简单的原料就可以迅速制成panel cookers。故A正确。26. D 考查作者的写作意图。本文属于说明文，介绍了三种不同的太阳能灶及这些太阳能灶台的特点及使用方法。故D正确。能力提升测一测I单词拼写1Are you o_ or pessimistic if you are facing the life of future?2I am unable to attend because of a p_ engagement.3Put the waste paper in the d_.4I had to p_ myself against the wall to let them pass.5I dont like this radio playLets s_ to another programme.optimisticprevious dustbin press switch6She could not help being impressed by the luxurious _ (环境)7They have bought a _(打字机)8What I said made no practical _ (印象) on him.9The _ (胶囊) is filled with small soluble cases.10A driver is not supposed to _(使闪光) his lights at the ing vehicles.surroundingstypewriter impression capsule flash11A man is accounted innocent until he is proven g_.12Producing a dictionary is a slow p_.13Can you tell me a_ of time if you are ing?14My parents dont a_ of me smoking cigarettes.15The new e_ of encyclopaedia will appear in the bookstores next week.guiltyprocess ahead approve edition16Industrial development is being _ (集中) in the west of the country.17The saleswoman in the shop is always _(渴望的) to please everybody.18It was more in sorrow than in anger that he criticized his former _ (同事)concentratedeager colleague19The sales department makes an _(准确的) forecast of sale.20He wants to change his _ (约会) from Monday to Wednesday.accurate appointment21The old man was sent to hospital because of high blood p_.22The cut on my arm b_ a lot when I was hurt yesterday.23As soon as he came back to life from the accident, he called an a_.24The dog was killed by rat p_.pressurebled ambulance poison25He had a badly s_ ankle after falling down from the stairs.26More and more people are riding _ (电的) bikes.27Although I _(倒) it carefully, I spilt some of the oil.28In the crash he suffered severe _(伤) to the head and arms.29The news of the _ ( 辐射) leak caused widespread public alarm.30An old woman was found _ (使窒息) to death.swollenelectric poured injuries radiation choked II.语法填空（重点训练题型）1. My study of biology has taken _ much of my spare time, but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment.2. _(educate) in Europe, the girl can express herself freely in both English and French3. The new hospital will be located in _ used to be a wasteland and a huge shopping mall will also be constructed where there used to be a school many years ago.4. _(suffer) from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.5. Jiaxing is a small city. Therefore, to speed _ the flow of traffic, the government has decided to broaden some main streets.6. The play _(produce)next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.7. Im sorry. I was under the impression _ you were general manager of your pany.8. The entire hall burst into a great cheer and applause _ instant the Nobel Prize winner appeared on the stage.9. More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack _ space.10. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, _(realize) that he could do nothing to help.11. _(see) from the top of the tower, the house looks even smaller.12. Choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for.13. Well soon have you back _ your feet again.14. She refused to tolerate _(call) a liar.15. Under no circumstances should we lose sight _ our purpose in life.16. I keep _(tell) you not to do that, but you wont listen to me.17. That was written in 1946, since _ the education system has undergone great changes.18. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk correctly and safely.19. I love getting up early in summer. The morning air is so good _(breathe). 20. Jane was sweeping _ the bits of paper and broken glass.21. _ is no need to rush and its no use arriving there too early.22. It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. _ the meanwhile, I will set the table.23. Syrias foreign ministry yesterday accused Israel _ working with “terrorist groups” after it carried out two strikes against Syrian target.24. When the bell rang, the students were all sitting on their own seats quietly and looking forward to _(see) their new Chinese teacher.25. This was the first time that Chongqing _(join)the Listening Examination of Public English Test System(PETS-2).26. The pany has been performing poorly during the past few years. In my v