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英语之两大从句区别,定语从句与宾语从句,宾语从句结构：V.+（that）/if. Whether / wh- 三要素：连接词、语序和时态。 1.连接词 连接词一般都是that(指事或人） 1.1从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。 1.2从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。在 whether or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。 1.3从句为特殊疑问句，用what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。,2.语序：陈述语序 3.判断时态情况： 1.1主句是一般现在时（看动词），从句为该用什么就用什么时态。 1.2主句是一般过去时（看动词），从句为各种相应过去时态注意：从句描绘客观事实，不管主句是什么时态从句用一般现在时。,三、宾语从句注意事项 (一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变： Whats wrong? Whats the matter? Whats happening? eg:I dont know whats the matter. Can you tell me who is over there?,(二)只能用whether不能用if的情况1.在介词后面： Im thinking of whether we should go fishing. We didnt think about whether it would rain the next day. 2.在动词不定式前： They asked me whether to sit at the front.,3.当与or not连用，或提出两种选择 时: I dont know whether hes free or not. Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not. Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room. 4.宾语从句提前时： Whether this is true or not, I cant say.,定语从句：结构：名词（先行词）+关系代词/关系副词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 (一）关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.,3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，后面通常接名词。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.,（二）介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. The school in which he once studied is very famous. （三）关系副词引导的定语从句 1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语 I still remember the day when I first came to the school. 2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 Shanghai is the city where I was born. 3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. city in which./where I was born.,
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