2019-2020年高中英语Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars练习试题新人教版必修.doc

2019-2020年高中英语Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars练习试题新人教版必修【导语】关于大地起源的神话有许多，你了解多少呢？The sky and the earth were at first one blurred entity like an egg.Then Pangu was born into it.The separation of the sky and the earth took eighteen thousand years.The yang which was light and pure，rose to bee the sky；and the yin which was heavy and murky，sank to form the earth.Between them was Pangu, who went through nine changes every day, his wisdom is greater than that of the sky and his ability is greater than that of the earth.Every day the sky rose ten feet higher, the earth became ten feet thicker, and Pangu grew ten feet taller.Another eighteen thousand years passed, and there was an extremely high sky, an extremely thick earth, and an extremely tall Pangu.After Pangu died, his head turned into the Five Sacred Mountains(Mount Tai, Mount Heng, Mount Hua, Mount Heng, Mount Song), his eyes turned into the moon and the sun, his blood changed into water in river and sea, his hair into grass.In all, the universe and Pangu bine in one.【词海拾贝】1entity n混沌整体2murky adj.黑暗的3wisdom n智慧，才智4extremely adv.极其，非常，极为5bine v使联合，结合【问题思考】1Do you agree on the forming of the universe？Give your reasons._答案：No，I dont agree.Because the scientists have already found out how the universe formed.2What kind of people is Pangu in your eyes?_答案：I think Pangu is very great and determined.He is a hero.为单词选择正确释义1oxygen A猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的2exist B有害的3harmful C氧4puzzle D生存；存在5violentE(使)迷惑；(使)为难n迷；难题答案：1C2D3B4E5A.根据所给汉语提示写出单词1_ n天文学2_ adj.太阳的3_ n系统；体系；制度4_ n宗教；宗教信仰5_ n原子答案：1.astronomy2.solar3.system4.religion5atom.根据英语释义写出单词1_： different from，not similar to2_： the mixed gases that surround the earth3_： for that reason; for this reason4_： increase, add to the number of5_： very important or necessary6_： idea that tries to explain something答案：1.Unlike2.Atmosphere3.thus4.multiply5Fundamental6.theory.选用短语的适当形式完成句子in time；lay eggs；give birth to；in ones turn；prevent.from；be harmful to1A bird_ in the nest it has built.答案：lays eggs2Do you think well be_ to catch the train to go to Paris?答案：in time3No matter what happens，nothing and nobody can_ the plan_ being carried out.答案：preventfrom4Reading in dim light_ your eyes.答案：is harmful to5After the second petitor went off the stage，my son went onto the stage to perform_答案：in his turn6He told us happily that his wife would_ a baby the next week and that he would be a father.答案：give birth to.领会句子所用的句型并翻译成汉语1What_it_was_to bee was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe._答案：随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到4538亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成了一个固体的球状物。2The earth became so violent that_it was not clear whether the shape would last or not._答案：地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。3This produced a chain reaction, which_made_it_possible for life to develop._答案：这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。4So whether_life will continue on the earth for millions of years to e will depend on whether_this problem can be solved._答案：所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。课文表层理解.判断正(T)误(F)1The earth appeared before the Big Bang happened.(F)2The original atmosphere consisted of nitrogen and oxygen.(F)3The main difference between the earth and other planets is that there is water on the earth.(T)4Life began in water and then on land.(T)5Mammals appeared before the development of dinosaurs.(F)6Dinosaurs could give birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.(F)7Human beings produce too much carbon dioxide which causes the global warming on the earth.(T)8According to the text, human beings would disappear in the end.(F).读课文回答问题1Whats the main idea of the text? _答案：The text mainly tells us the formation of the earth and the development of life on it.2Why was the earth different from the other planets?_答案：Because there is water on the earth.3Why did the dinosaurs disappear suddenly? _答案：No one knows that, and it remains a mystery.表格填空How did the earth came into being?答案：1.A cloud of dust2.A solid globe3.fire and rock4atmosphere5.water6.gases and acids 课文深层理解单项选择1What began to appear on the earths surface when it cooled down?AWater.BGases.CAcids. DCarbon.答案：A2From the last paragraph we can infer that the author is _Aconfident BsadCconcerned Dangry答案：C3What does the word “they” refer to in the sentences “It exploded loudly with fire and rock.They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and.”？APlanets. BStars.CGases. DFire and rock.答案：D4Which is the right order of the development of life?ASmall clever animalsshellfishdinosaursmammals.BShellfishdinosaurssmall clever animalsmammals.CShellfishdinosaursmammalssmall clever animals.DDinosaursshellfishmammalssmall clever animals.答案：C如何写探索性写作：解决问题写作步骤：1提出问题或列出现象，并简要阐述其产生原因。2说明其对生活和社会的影响。3提出解决问题的方法。写作时应注意以下三个方面：1此类书面表达通常为话题作文或看图作文，学生应仔细研读提示信息或图画，明确应围绕什么问题或现象展开评论。2围绕主题，进行拓展。根据要求和提示信息合理安排篇章中各部分内容的比例，做到详略得当、条理清楚、文字简练。3时态：多采用一般现在时，但如果提示中给出了具体时间，则应对时态进行相应的调整。4要注意存在的问题，分析此问题可能带来的危害，然后针对此问题进行解决。【典型句式】提建议的句型：(1)In my opinion，the best way to solve the problem is.(2)My tips are as follows.(3)Only in this way can we.(4)To solve the abovementioned problem，we must.说明现象或问题的常用句型：(1)It has bee the biggest concern of.(2)Unless we take effective measures, it is likely that.(3)The situation many people are facing is that.(4)To start with，.The second reason is.The last but not least reason is.(5)Faced with the problem, quite a few people argue that.but others.(6)There is a general discussion today about the problem of.得出结论：(1)With concerted efforts we will pull through the difficulties.(2)With the help of.we can manage to overe these difficulties.你所在的研究性学习小组对“中学生的健康状况”进行了一次调查，主要内容如下：1现状：肥胖人数增多，身体素质逐年下降；2原因：学习紧张，缺乏体育锻炼；较少参加体力劳动，如做家务；饮食不均衡；3专家建议：少上网，保证睡眠；每天运动一小时。请根据以上信息写一篇英语短文，在英文校报上投稿。【写作提示】1时态：一般现在时为主。2人称：第一、三人称。3要点：(1)首段点明问题：中学生的健康状况。(2)中间部分分析原因，具体要点可参考题目要求中的提示。(3)最后是专家的建议。注意：词数100左右【范文点评】范文点评The research study group did a survey on students health.It_shows_that the number of students who put on weight is increasing and the health of them has been going from bad to worse. _As_far_as_I_am_concerned,_ there_are_many_factors_accounting for the problem above, but the following might be the critical ones.First， the fact that they are busy with their homework and lack exercise exists indeed.Second,_they have little chance to do physical work like housework.Besides,_they pay no attention to a balanced diet.Experts give us some advice on improving our health.They_advise_us_not_to be addicted to playing puter games.We_should have enough sleep to ensure our study and take an active part in sports for about an hour every day.It shows that.引出调查结果。As far as I am concerned这是必备的表达观点的套语。There be 主语doing/done 高级句型，提升了文章的档次。这个句型学生在写作时很容易出错。 first，second，besides连接自然，条理清楚。They advise us not to，We should do.表示建议，语言委婉礼貌登上月球，探索宇宙的奥秘是很多人的梦想。然而，真正登上之后，会遇到很多困难，例如保护皮肤、防止食物飞走、身体失重、行走困难等，请选取你可能遇到的一个难题，并根据所学知识找到克服的办法。注意：词数100左右。_答案：If I visited the moon，there would be a problem I might be faced with: how to eat and drink.On the earth, it is easy for us to eat and drink.But on the moon，the gravity is so weak that the food will float around.I would have to take all my food with me if I went to the moon.So it could be put in a tube and then I would be able to suck it more easily.Perhaps I would use a straw to do it.It can prevent the food from floating away.Only in this way would the problem be solved.I will have a try in time.A级基础过关.用括号内词的正确形式填空1She_(gentle) refused to accept the gifts.答案：gently2If someone walks on the moon，he will feel_(weight)答案：weightless3_(exhaust)，I went to bed as soon as I got home.答案：Exhausted4With the_(develop) of our country，our life is better and better.答案：development5How _(disappoint) we were when we heard the news.答案：disappointed6Some believe in the_(exist)of life on Mars，while others consider it as a myth.答案：existence7Its_(like)him to be late；hes usually on time.答案：unlike8Not all people are aware of the various effects of_ (globe)warming on Earth.答案：global.选词填空go by；prevent from；as if；cheer up；break out；now that；get close to；depend on；get the hang of；in time1The government took immediate measures and the disease was_spreading.答案：prevented from2Our success_whether everyone works hard.答案：depends on3It was difficult for the helicopters to_the roof of the building because of the heavy smoke.答案：get close to4He_at once when I promised to help him.答案：cheered up5They got to the airport by taxi just_for their flight.答案：in time6_youve passed your test，you can drive on your own.答案：Now that7Press the button when the light goes on，and youll soon_it.答案：get the hang of8A fighting between the two friends_，ending the friendship kept for many years.答案：broke out9She felt_she were floating in the air.答案：as if10It was foolish of him to let the chance_答案：go by.完成下列句子1Larry has a back injury that may_(阻止他) playing in tomorrows game.答案：prevent him from2The elevators in this building_(总出故障)答案：are always breaking down3_(我们不可能) to get there in time.答案：Its impossible for us4Her ring is_(是我的两个大) mine.答案：twice as big as5_(既然) they have puters，it bees easier to deal with the problems.答案：Now thatB级能力提升.阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。The earth is the only planet that scientists think has life.Why does the earth have life while the other planets dont? For one thing, the earth is just the right temperature.As the_third_planet from the sun，the earth seems to be just the right distance away.The planets which are closer to the sun are so hot that their surfaces bake(烘烤)in the sun.The farthest planets are cold balls.When the earth developedwhich scientists believe may have happened about 4 billion years agomany gases covered the earth.The gases caused the earth to be hot.But something wonderful happened.The temperature was just right for thick clouds to form.It rained very hard for a very long time.This gave the earth its oceans.Water made it possible for plants to grow.The plants created oxygen in the atmosphere.Oxygen is the gas that humans and animals breathe.Only one other planet in the solar system seems to be something like the earth.That planet is Mars (火星)Mars is smaller than the earth，and it is quite a bit cooler.But it is not too cold for humans.On some days, the temperatures are as low as a winter day in the northern United States.If you wore a special spacesuit, you could walk around on Mars.You would have to bring your own air to breathe，because the air on Mars is too thin to breathe.Mars has the largest volcano(火山)in the solar system.It is sixteen miles high.The highest volcano on the earth is five miles high.The most unexpected(未预料到的)sight on Mars is driedup river beds.Scientists believe that Mars was once much better than it is now.Does this mean there could have been living things on Mars? Scientists are not sure, but there has been no sign so far.【语篇解读】文章介绍了地球存在生命的原因以及火星的情况。1Which of the following is NOT the reason that the earth has life?AThe earth is just the right temperature.BThe volcanos on the earth are lower than those on Mars.CThere is oxygen in the atmosphere of the earth.DThe earth seems to be just the right distance away from the sun.解析：细节理解题。文中提到地球是可证实的唯一有生命存在的太阳系行星，其原因包括地球温度合适、离太阳距离适中和大气里含有氧气等。B项火山与此无关。答案：B2The underlined phrase“the third planet”in the first paragraph refers to_Athe SunBthe MoonCthe Earth Dthe Mars解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中内容可知距离太阳第三远的行星指的是地球。答案：C3Which of the following about the Mars is NOT true?AThere could have been living things on Mars.BMars has the largest volcano in the solar system.CThere is almost no oxygen in the air on Mars.DMars is smaller than the earth，and it is quite a bit cooler.解析：细节理解题。文章最后一段提到火星上有干涸的河床的迹象，但这一点并不能证实火星上存在生命，因为还没有生命迹象，故A项不正确。其他三项都与文章相符。答案：A4Which of the following is probably the best title for the passage?AThe EarthBThe MoonCPlanets in the solar systemDMars is most like the Earth解析：主旨大意题。文章先说明地球上存在生命的原因又对比了火星和地球，说明火星是与地球最相似的行星。D项作标题最为恰当。答案：D.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Watching a sporting event with family and friends under the sun is a great experience in summer._1_ In the United States, heat exposure led to 8，000 deaths between 1979 and 2003.Luckily, a little prevention can go a long way towards making sure of an enjoyable day.Know the dangerHeatrelated illnesses do not require recordbreaking temperatures to occur._2_The bodys temperature can reach 106 or 107 degrees Fahrenheit on a 90degree day, creating a potentially deadly situation.Factors such as age, weight or a medical condition can influence people.Drink plenty of water_3_Sweating is your bodys key way to keep cool, so drink water to stay well hydrated(含水的) before you feel thirsty.A cool beer may sound perfect on a hot day, but drink responsibly.Alcohol stops the bodys cooling system and causes you to go to the bathroom frequently._4_Wear lightcoloured and loosely fitting clothing, so air can go around your body and help keep you cool.A hat is a must to help you keep cool, since your head contains many blood vessels(血管), and sun block(防晒乳) is always a good idea.Take actionWhat should you do if you are suffering from the heat while watching your favourite event?Get up and go.It is a simple piece of advice, but could make the difference between a quick recovery and something more severe that requires medical attention.The ideal thing is to move yourself from the position youre in to an area that is a little cooler._5_AWeatherrelated causesBDress for the occasion CIn hot weather, it is essential to stay hydrated.DYou may miss a little of the action, but it beats missing a lot.EIt is also important to take advantage of services the equipment provides.FBut when you add sun exposure to the crowds, the results can be deadly.GTemperatures between 80 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit can be dangerous.【语篇解读】本文就如何避免在炎炎烈日下看比赛被晒出疾病给出了一些建议。1解析：由空后的例子“1979至2003年间，在美国，因在烈日下而死亡的人数达到了8000人”可知，选F项。答案：F2解析：由空后“在华氏90度(32 )的时候，我们人体的体温能达到华氏106或107度(41 )”可知，选G项。答案：G3解析：由标题“Drink plenty of water”可知，选C项。答案：C4解析：该空是下一段的中心句。下一段讲的是在烈日下的衣着，所以选B项。答案：B5解析：该段讲的是中暑后的正确做法。所以选E项。答案：E.完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。“Kevin, we are getting a divorce，” said my mother.My heart plunged (急降)I was 9 years old and I thought that my life was going to _1_My brother and I were going to move with my mother to southern California.My dad was to _2_ in New Jersey because of work.My family was splitting apart.Now that my mom is a _3_ parent, I do my own laundry, make dinner and do extra chores around the house._4_ it was hard at first, I now recognize the positive _5_ that this responsibility had on me.My mother gave me these _6_ and duties so that I would learn to bee selfdisciplined (自律的) and trustworthy.I strive to show these _7_ in my life, and have seen the benefits.When I was only 11 years old, my _8_ told me that he was selecting me as soccer team captain because of my determination and ability to get my teammates to _9_ themselves.We _10_ the championship, but I won the fair play award for keeping my team together.I am always determined to be an individual and not participate in anything that I feel is _11_I am, for example, extremely _12_ of my decision not to drink alcohol.Personally, I dont feel the need to drink to have fun, and I stand by my decision even when others try to _13_ me.My mom and dad both found new _14_ and happily remarried.I am _15_ close to my father, even though he lives 4，800 km away.I thought my parents divorce was going to be the worst thing that _16_ happened to me.Ironically (讽刺的是), it turned out to be the _17_I wasnt willing to let it _18_ my life without putting up a fight, and neither was my family.At age 9, I fought with the confusion and _19_ of divorce.Today, at age 16, I understand that _20_ can bring opportunity and success, and that hard work, determination and selfdiscipline can turn your worst time into your best time.【语篇解读】本文作者因父母离婚，反而获得了更多的机会和成功。 1A.fall apartBstand outCcarry on De true解析：根据前一句“My heart plunged”(我的心猛地一沉)，可知“我”认为“我”的生活将会崩溃。故选A。答案：A2A.fight BremainCacpany Dpractice解析：根据后句“My family was splitting apart.”可知“我”的父亲因为工作仍然在新泽西。故选B。答案：B3A.careless BcruelCnice Dsingle解析：上文提到父母离婚，由此可知母亲成为单亲母亲。故选D。答案：D4A.Although BBecauseCIf DSince解析：根据后句“I now recognize the positive _5_ that this responsibility had on me.”可知这里是让步关系，故用although。尽管起初很难。故选A。答案：A5A.attitude BexperienceCeffect Dsituation 解析：考查名词。由后文他的成功可知，现在这样的责任对他有积极的影响。故选C。答案：C6A.achievements BabilitiesCchores Ddisadvantages解析：根据上文“I do my own laundry, make dinner and do extra chores around the house.”可知“我”母亲让“我”做这些零活。故选C。答案：C7A.chores BdifficultiesCfeelings Dqualities解析：由上文的“selfdisciplined and trustworthy”可知选qualities。答案：D8A.father Bheadmaster Cbrother Dcoach解析：考查名词。A.father“父亲”；B.headmaster“校长”；C.brother“兄弟”；D.coach“教练”。根据后文的关键词“soccer team captain”可知这里为“我”的教练。故选D。答案：D9A.enjoy BteachChelp Dpush解析：由后文的“keeping my team together”可知选push。答案：D10A.won BlostChad Dachieved解析：根据后面的转折分句“but I won the fair play award for keeping my team together.”可知他们失去了冠军。故选B。答案：B11A.wrong Babnormal Cdynamic Dviolent解析：由后文的例子可知，他不做任何他觉得是错误的事情。故选A。答案：A12A.afraid BtiredCproud Dfond解析：由后文可知他对他不喝酒的决定感到骄傲。故选C。答案：C13A.cheat BpersuadeCplease Dcheat解析：根据前句“and I stand by my decision”可知其他人试图劝服“我”(喝酒)。故选B。答案：B14A.families BjobsCkids Dpartners解析：根据后句“and happily remarried.”可知“我”父母都找到了各自的新的伴侣。故选D。答案：D15A.still BnotCrarely Dless解析：考查副词。根据“even though he lives 4，800 km away.”可知尽管“我”与父亲距离很远，但“我”仍然与父亲很亲近。故选A。答案：A16A.never BevenCever Dalmost解析：由上下文可知，“我”认为父母的离婚将会是曾经发生在“我”身上最糟糕的事情。故选C。答案：C17A.best BworstCbusiest Dfirst解析：根据前一句“I thought my parents divorce was going to be t