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四级作文辅导 语言表达 侯雪英,一、词汇 二、句型 三、如何用简单句表达复杂的意义？ 四、常见错误,一、vocabulary,1.与社会生活相关词汇 2.与校园生活相关词汇 3. 品德词汇 4. 人文关怀词汇 5. 心理健康词汇,1.与社会生活相关词汇：,political/politics，Economy/economic；finance, financial crisis, culture/cultural, science and technology, society/social, environment/environmental, importance, significance, a basic element of, an inseparable part of, harmony, harmonious, tradition/traditional，emotional, physical, mental, spiritual, psychological, health/healthy, pursue/pursuit, enjoyment, recreation, achievement, for the sake of, advancement, develop, development, sustain/sustainable, environment-friendly, environmental protection/pollution, contribute greatly to, no,no,词汇,2.与校园生活相关词汇,future, success(ful)/succeed， failure/unsuccessful, importance, significance, convenience, confidence，obtain great attainments, obtain great achievement, reach higher attainments, accumulate/gain experience, A suggestion/ proposal/practice of great importance/significance/ for the sake of, for the convenience of, gain experience，a sense of right and wrong broaden our horizons and expand our views, spare no effort, more or less , sooner or later, fewer and fewer, attach more importance to, lay less/more emphasis on,词汇,3 品德词汇,conscience, morality, honesty，diligence, contribution, contribute，physical, mental, spiritual health/civilization physical, mental, intelligent, psychology, psychological，selfless，to the neglect of ones meals and sleep, spare no effort, integrity a man of discipline/determination/wisdom/intelligence， Independence, confidence and determination contribute to success. 负面意义词汇：selfish, conservative, luxury, laziness, tardiness, discrimination, fritter ones time and life away, have discrimination against practice/opinion/view , Laziness and tardiness cause failure,词汇,4 人文关怀词汇,humanity caring, humanity concern, social virtue, mutual help and support, warmth, the merciless disaster, the sympathetic society emotional, spiritual support, spare no effort to, wasteful, extravagant, extravagance, frugal, frugality, inharmonious, selfless, a frugal and harmonious atmosphere/society construct a harmonious and mutual understanding society, contribute ones intelligence and life to, donate money and clothes,词汇,5 心理健康词汇,psychological/psychology, health/healthy, pressure, burden, failure, pessimistic, spiritual torture/pain, meaningless frustrated, depressed, commit suicide, challenge, opportunity, optimistic, a source of satisfaction and happiness, realize our individual value as well as social value, a natural and inseparable part of life overcome any hardship and difficulty, comfort, warmth and encouragement can lessen our pressure and support us to overcome any hardship,词汇,二、句子类型,1）简单句(simple sentence)：只有一套主谓结构 Watching the waterfall and listening to the birdsongs are both inseparable parts of the tourists emotional enjoyment in Huangshan Mountain. (本句主语；ing形式。只有名词、代词、动词ing形式和不定式形式才能充当主语或宾语) 2）并列句(compound sentence)：几套主谓结构，中间用连词连接起来 Old people consider climbing Huangshan as a physical exercise while young people view it as a psychological relaxation.,句型,3）复杂句(complex sentence)：一个主句，一个或多个从句 To open the university campus to tourists（本句主语：不定式） is a common practice in our country, whose purpose is to strengthen the communication between college students and outsiders for the sake of building a harmonious society.,二、句子类型,句型,4）并列-复杂句(compound-complex sentence )：既有并列句，又有主从复杂句 The terrible earthquake which struck Sichuan province on May 12th killed about eighty thousand people and made millions of people homeless; however, the courageous Sichuan people were not defeated and they are rebuilding their hometown backed with the humanity warmth and concern from all over the world.,二、句子类型,句型,三、如何用简单句表达复杂的意义？,1. 加-ing结构 Withstanding the wear and tear of time, Chinese people have accumulated much experience in dealing with natural disasters. A lot of students have signed up in volunteer programs to help the people in Sichuan province, hoping to contribute their knowledge and time to the reconstruction of the place.,2. 加-ed结构 Suffered too much from the earthquake, he completely lost confidence in reconstructing his home. Having been buried under the ruin for 20 days, he considered it a miracle to be out alive.,三、如何用简单句表达复杂的意义？,3. 加 to 结构 To support their reconstruction, the government spent over 1.2 billion in building roads, bridges, schools, houses, etc. They hurriedly went home only to be shocked by the terrible scene after the earthquake.,三、如何用简单句表达复杂的意义？,4. 使用独立主格结构 (absolute structure)(四类)（蓝色字体） 1. Economic condition permitting, they would like to move to a new place. 2. Walls repainted and campus beautified, they opened the university campus to tourists. 3. The loan is fully used for the education expense, one third to pay for the teaching materials, the rest to pay for the tuition fee. 4. The family hungry, he resorted to theft. （注意：独立主格结构不能单独成一句，必须跟在一个完整的句子前后。）,三、如何用简单句表达复杂的意义？,
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