2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 第三部分 专题一 第2课时 高瞻远瞩-锁定主旨大意类题目练习.doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 第三部分 专题一 第2课时 高瞻远瞩-锁定主旨大意类题目练习体裁：说明文话题：食品词数：320时间：7(xx安徽卷，E)Food serves as a form of munication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a mon human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning，and play a significant role in a family or cultures celebrations or traditions. The foods we eatand when and how we eat themare often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country.Sharing bread，whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table，is a mon symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread，so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States，pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece，people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake，which signifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child，and food can play a significant role. In China，when a baby is one month old，families name and wele their child in a celebration that includes giving redcolored eggs to guests. In many cultures，round foods such as grapes，bread，and moon cakes are eaten at wele celebrations to represent family unity.Nutrition is necessary for life，so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.【语篇解读】该篇介绍了食品作为一种交流的两个基本方面，来说明它是世界各地不同文化的一个重要组成部分。1.According to the passage，sharing bread_.A.indicates a lack of foodB.can help to develop unityC.is a custom unique to rural areasD.has its roots in birthday celebrations答案B考查细节理解。由第一段.can promote unity and trust可知。2.What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?A.Trust. B.Success.C.Health. D.Togetherness.答案B考查细节理解。由第三段signifies (预示).success in the New Year可知。3.The author explains the role of food in celebrations by_.A.using examples B.making parisonsC.analyzing causes D.describing processes答案A考查推理判断。由第三段可知。4.What is the passage mainly about?A.The custom of sharing food.B.The specific meaning of food.C.The role of food in ceremonies.D.The importance of food in culture.答案D考查主旨大意。由最后一段可知。体裁：说明文话题：艺术词数：360时间：8(xx重庆卷，E)The values of artistic works，according to cultural relativism(相对主义)，are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.Such a view，however，fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls，as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries.Unique works of this kind are different from todays popular art，even if they began as works of popular art.They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.In a 1757 essay，the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature，”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years.Works of this type，he believed，spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art.For example，evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the longlasting themes and plot devices in fiction.The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before.Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，主要介绍了艺术作品是永恒受欢迎的，原因是人类的审美具有共同性，并且就此展开说明。5.According to the passage，what do we know about cultural relativism?A.It introduces different cultural values.B.It explains the history of artistic works.C.It relates artistic values to local conditions.D.It excites the human mind throughout the world.答案C细节推断题。根据文章第一句可知相对主义文化是地方社会和经济状况的反应。故选择C。6.In Paragraph 2，the artists are mentioned in order to show that _.A.great works of art can go beyond national boundariesB.history gives art works special appeal to set them apartC.popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great artsD.great artists are skilled at bining various cultures答案A细节推断题。根据第二段列举的三个例子可以看出艺术作品是没有国界的。故选择A。7.According to Hume，some works of art can exist for centuries because _.A.they are results of scientific studyB.they establish some general principles of artC.they are created by the worlds greatest artistsD.they appeal to unchanging features of human nature答案D细节推断题。根据文章第三段第一句the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature，”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.可知，选择D。8.Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?A.Are Artistic Values Universal?B.Are Popular Arts Permanent?C.Is Human Nature Uniform?D.Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?答案A主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了艺术作品是永恒受欢迎的，因此其价值也是共同的。Passage 3体裁：记叙文话题：人物故事词数：269时间：5(xx新课标全国卷，A)Arriving in Sydney on his own from India，my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.During the first week of his stay，he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers，including his passport(护照).He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in a strange city，thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.Late in the evening，the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husbands name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents(文件).Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out，although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen a halfwritten letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文，讲述了作者丈夫行李箱中的文件失而复得的事情。通过这件事，作者一家又重新找回了对他人的信任。9.What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?A.Go shopping. B.Find a house.C.Join his family. D.Take a vacation.答案B事实细节题。根据文章第一段中“.stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.”可知作者到达悉尼计划要做的事情就是为“我和孩子”找房子，故B项正确。10.The girls parents got Rashids phone number from _.A.a friend of his familyB.a Sydney policemanC.a letter in his papersD.a stranger in Sydney答案C事实细节题。根据文章倒数第二段中“At last they had seen a halfwritten letter in the pile.to a friend.”可知作者的电话号码是从文件中夹的一封信中找到的，故C项正确。11.What does the underlined word“restored”in the last paragraph mean?A.Showed. B.Sent out.C.Delivered. D.Gave back.答案D词义猜测题。文章倒数第二段中讲到小女孩一家努力找到失主的联系方式并把重要文件物归原主。这个善举使作者一家不仅找回了文件，而且重新找回了对人的信任。故D项“归还”正确。A.展示；B.发送；C.递送。12.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.From India to Australia.B.Living in a New Country.C.Turning Trash to Treasure.D.In Search of New Friends.答案C主旨大意题。丈夫丢失的重要文件被丢到了垃圾箱，被一个好心的家庭整理好物归原主，这些别人眼中的垃圾对作者丈夫来说非常珍贵。故C项最能体现文章大意。Passage 4体裁：说明文话题：动物与植物词数：330时间：6(xx上海卷，A)Most people agree that honesty is a good thing.But does Mother Nature agree? Animals cant talk，but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying，but they do agree that many animals，from birds to chimpanzees，behave dishonestly to fool other animals.Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals.For example，a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young.When a predator (猎食动物) gets close to its nest，the plover leads the predator away from the nest.How? It pretends to have a broken wing.The predator follows the“hurt” adult，leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird，the scrub jay，buries its food so it always has something to eat.Scrub jays are also thieves.They watch where others bury their food and steal it.But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them.So they go back later，unbury the food，and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work.How? They dont make nests.Instead，they get into other birds nests secretly.Then they lay their eggs and fly away.When the baby birds e out，their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees，or chimps，can also be sneaky.After a fight，the losing chimp will give its hand to the other.When the winning chimp puts out its hand，too，the chimps are friendly again.But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winners hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways，too.When chimps find food that they love，such as bananas，it is natural for them to cry out.Then other chimps e running.But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food.That way，other chimps dont hear them，and they dont need to share their food.As children，many of us learn the saying“You cant fool Mother Nature.” But maybe you cant trust her，either.【语篇解读】动物不会说话，但是它们会以其他方式说谎吗？它们会以其身体和行为表现说谎吗？动物专家认为很多动物，从鸟类到黑猩猩，有时候在行为上表现不诚实，用来欺骗其他动物。这样做常常可以帮助它们幸免于难。13.A plover protects its young from a predator by _.A.getting closer to its youngB.driving away the adult predatorC.leaving its young in another nestD.pretending to be injured答案D细节理解题。由第二段第三、四、五句可知，鸻看到猎食动物靠近鸟巢，它假装翅膀受伤，猎食动物紧跟着它，离开幼鸟所在的巢。故选D项。14.By“Chimpanzees，or chimps，can also be sneaky”(Paragraph 5)，the author means _.A.chimps are ready to attack othersB.chimps are sometimes dishonestC.chimps are jealous of the winnersD.chimps can be selfish too答案B推理判断题。由黑体字后面的内容可知，两只黑猩猩打架后，失败的那只会主动向获胜的那只握手言和，但动物专家曾经发现一只失败的黑猩猩握住获胜者的手后，又开始打起来。从而可推断出黑猩猩有时候是不诚实的，故选B。15.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B.The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winners hand.C.Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D.Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.答案A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第四、五句可知，一些聪明的黑猩猩有时候发现食物时小声叫，这样的话其他的黑猩猩听不见叫声，就不会过来和它们分享食物。16.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Do animals lie?B.Does Mother Nature fool animals?C.How do animals learn to lie?D.How does honesty help animals survive?答案A主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，各种不同的动物在行为上表现不诚实各有各的原因。干扰项为C：动物是如何学会撒谎的？文章内容着重点在于动物撒谎的目的而不是学习撒谎的过程。故C项可以排除。正确答案为A。Passage 5体裁：议论文话题：社会文化词数：381时间：7(xx湖北卷，B)Londons newest skyscraper (摩天大楼) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build.At a height of almost 310 metres，it is the tallest building in Europe.The Shard has pletely changed the appearance of London.However，not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano.When he began designing the Shard for London，Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire (尖顶).He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city.The sides of the building arent regular.So the building has an unusual shape.It looks like a very thin，sharp piece of broken glass.And that is how the building got the name：the Shard.Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition.The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts (桅杆) of the ships that were once on the river Thames.The Shard has 87 floors.At the top，there is an observatory.At the moment the building is empty，but eventually there will be a fivestar hotel.There will also be top quality restaurants，apartments and offices.Before building work began，a lot of people didnt want the Shard though the plans were approved.Now they are still unhappy about the Shard.Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York，but not in London.They say that the best thing about the Shard is its spire shape.But that is the only thing.There is no decoration，only flat surfaces.The Egyptians did that 4，500 years ago.They also think the Shard is too big for London.It destroys the beauty of the city.Other critics dont like what the Shard seems to represent.They say that the Shard shows how London is being more unequal.Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel.But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London.So the Shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the poor.The Shard now dominates the London skyline.It is not certain，however，that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.【语篇解读】文章论述了伦敦新的摩天大楼the Shard的建造所带来的争议。有人认为它是英国传统文化的传承，是一项很好的变化。但也有批评者认为Shard造成了社会(贫富) 分化。17.Londons newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of _.A.its cost B.its size C.its shape D.its height 答案C细节理解题。根据第二段第四行到第五行So the building has an unusual shape.It looks like a very thin，sharp piece of broken glass.And that is how the building got the name：Shard.可知答案为B。18.When he designed the Shard，Piano wanted it to _.A.change Londons skyline B.inherit Londons tradition C.imitate the Egyptian styleD.attract potential visitors答案B细节理解题。根据第二段的倒数第二句：Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition可知答案为B。19.The critics who refer to social division think the Shard _.A.is only preferred by the rich B.is intended for wealthy peopleC.is far away from the poor areaD.is popular only with Londoners答案B细节理解题。根据第五段第三句Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel.可知答案为B。20.Which would be the best title for the passage?A.The Shard：Cheers and ClapsB.The Shard：Work of a Great ArchitectC.The Shard：New Symbol of London?D.The Shard：A Change for the Better?答案D主旨大意题。整篇文章论述的是伦敦新的摩天大楼的建造所带来的争议。有人认为它是英国传统的传承，是一个很好的变化。但也有人提出质疑，认为Shard造成了社会(贫富) 分化。因此答案选D。题组二尝试模拟Passage 1体裁：议论文话题：城市化词数：354时间：6(xx山东六校高三一模，E)The United Nations is warning that the world is not prepared to deal with the fast growth of cities.The World Economic and Social Survey xx calls for new ways to meet the needs of city populations.More than 6.5 billion people are expected to be living in cities by 2050.Most new city dwellers will be in developing countries.The United Nations says the effect on limited resources in many countries will be huge.The World Economic and Social Survey points to the increasing demand for energy，water，sanitation，public services，education and health care.The world population is expected to rise to more than nine billion by 2050 and，two thirds of all people are expected to live in cities.The United Nations says about 80 percent of this growing urban population will be found in Africa and Asia.The report says sustainable development(可持续发展) of urban areas requires coordination and investments to deal with important issues，which include land use，food security，job creation and transportation.Willem Van Der Geest，who is with the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs，says cities need to work closely with rural munities so that food supplies can be secured，and the environment can be protected.“We need enough integration(整合，融合)with cities.An integration between the rural and urban economies is absolutely vital for issues of nutrition，food security，and environmental sustainability.”The report says development in a sustainable way is important to end poverty.The report also examines the problem of food insecurity，which affects hundreds of millions of people around the world.One in eight people still severely lack nutrition.UN officials say some things are clear.The Assistant SecretaryGeneral for Economic Development，Shamshad Akhtar，says world food production will have to increase by 70%，that increase will be needed to feed the additional 2.3 billion people expected on the planet by the middle of the century.She says an important part of meeting that need is to waste less food.“There has to be efforts to reduce food wastage.”Food and nutrition security are core elements of the sustainable development agenda.【语篇解读】联合国发出警告说世界还没有为快速的城市化进程做好准备。xx年世界经济和社会调查报告要求我们需寻求新的方法来满足不断增长的城市人口的需要。1.The survey includes the following statements except that _.A.varieties of demands are hard to meet because of the increasing population in Africa and AsiaB.one way to put an end to poverty is to be able to develop for a long timeC.transportation is an important issue to deal with when it es to sustainable development of urban areasD.hundreds of millions of people around the world are affected by the problem of food insecurity答案A细节理解题。首先要注意题干中的except，即本题需考生找出调查报告不包括的内容。根据第七段中“The report says development in a sustainable way is important to end poverty.”可排除B项；根据第四段的“transportation”可排除C项；根据第七段第二句“The report also examines the problem of food insecurity，which affects hundreds of millions of people around the world.”可排除D项。2.From the passage we can infer that _.A.cities grow so fast that the world cant find out new ways to deal with the growing populationB.the growing city dwellers who mainly e from the developing countries greatly challenge limited resources in the worldC.sustainable development of urban areas requires coordination and investments to deal with important issuesD.food wastage is an effective way to feed the additional 2.3 billion people by the middle of the century答案B推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句可知答案为B项。A项表达的内容过于绝对，故被排除；第四段第一句为C项内容，不属于推断范畴，故被排除；根据倒数第二段可知解决食品短缺的方法是将粮食产量提高70%以满足到本世纪中叶增长的23亿人口的需要，而满足这一需要的一个重要部分是尽量减少对粮食的浪费，由此可见注意粮食浪费问题并不能完全解决食品短缺问题，故排除D项。3.What is the best title of the passage?A.The World Economic and Social Survey xxB.City Population Will Increase to 9 BillionC.Cities Need to Cooperate with Rural AreasD.The World Is Not Prepared to Deal with the Fast Growth of Cities答案D主旨大意题。作者在第一段第一句提出了文章的主题，故答案为D项。其他选项均为文章中的其中一项内容，并不能概括文章主题，故全被排除。4.The passage is chosen from _.A.a textbook B.a travel guideC.a novel D.a newspaper答案D推理判断题。文章介绍了快速的城市化进程给我们带来了很多问题，属热点问题，旨在让人们对这一问题加以重视，由此可判断本文应出自报纸，而不是课本、旅游指南或小说。Passage 2体裁：议论文话题：教育词数：278时间：5(xx北京西城一模，D)Today，we are told that children dont spend enough time in the fresh air.Many of them are addicted to a screen either on a puter or a TVthey seem to be living in a virtual world.They have lost touch with nature.But now 400 organizations in the UK，from playgroups to the National Health Service，are encouraging children to have some “wild time”.They want kids to swap at least 30 minutes of watching TV or playing puter games for time playing outside.Activities such as building dens，climbing trees，rumm