2019-2020年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列专题13语法填空三-从句复习含解析.doc

2019-2020年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列专题13语法填空三-从句复习含解析优等生基本没有知识的问题，所以优等生的备考冲刺重点在于：1.梳理正确的做题方法和技巧；2.精选难度适中的训练题。命题规律 定语从句是高考的热点，对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词；2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词；3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；4.介词+关系代词的用法；5.不定代词/数词+of which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断；6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。定语从句基本考点：（1）关系代词引导的定语从句who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，其中whom只能作宾语。which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。whose用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语。（2）关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。需要特别注意：a. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。b. 先行词为occasions，当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。the way后面的定语从句的关系词。在定语从句中，the way是一个比较特殊的先行词，当它在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。（3）“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词关系代词”中的关系代词只有whom(指人)，which(指物) 和whose三个。 “复合介词短语关系代词”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。 “ofwhich/whom”表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose) 需要特别注意：该考点考查的重点在于“用不用介词”和“用什么介词”。因此在答题时我们必须注意解题思路。可采用“先行词还原法”将先行词还原到从句中来确定正确的介词，具体做法是：a. 把先行词放在从句中，从句子的意思来判断用不用介词和用什么介词。b. 注意从句中动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。（4）as和which引导的定语从句 as引导的限制性定语从句关系代词as，which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：a. as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。b. 当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。注意此时与名词性从句的互换。c. as意为“正如”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意为“这一点”。（5）定语从句中的主谓一致关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one前有the, the only, the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。名词性从句命题规律名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法，了解同位语从句的基本用法。要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。名词性从句基本考点：（1）名词性从句的连接词连接词that，whether和ifI. 这三个连词在句中只起连接作用，不作句子成分，that本身无意义，有时可省略，whether和if本身有意义，均不能省略。that和whether可以连接所有的名词性从句，而if引导名词性从句时只能引导宾语从句或不在句首的主语从句。II. whether与if的用法比较二者均可作“是否”讲，都可以引导名词性从句，引导宾语从句时可以互换。在下列情况下，常用whether，不用if：a. whether引导从句可以放于句首。b. whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，if不可。c. whether可以作介词宾语，if则不可。d. whether后可以加不定式，if不可。e. 可以用whether.or引导让步状语从句，意为“无论，不论”，if则不可。连接代词引导名词性从句的连接代词有：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever，whichever，whoever。连接代词在句中既起连接作用，同时又充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。连接副词引导名词性从句的连接副词有：when，where，how，why。连接副词在句中既是连接词，又作状语。（2）主语从句主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示“的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。I. It系动词形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)that从句II. Itbe名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)that从句III. Itbe过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，wellknown，announced等)that从句IV. It特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)that从句注意：a. 在“It is necessary，important，strange，naturalthat从句”结构中，从句常用“(should)动词原形”形式。b. 在“Itbesuggested，advised，ordered，requested，insisted，requiredthat从句”结构中，that从句应用“(should)动词原形”。（3）宾语从句在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。动词的宾语从句I. 大多数动词(hope，tell，say，know，think，consider，imagine，hear，expect，suppose，guess等)可以带宾语从句。注意：在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词引导的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，这一现象称为否定前移。II. 动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。III. 有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(词组)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，see to等。一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句。注意：a. where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。b. that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在except，in，but等介词后偶尔可能用到。sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。（4）表语从句在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。共分三类：主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”的形式。主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用why或because。because，as if，as though，as，like等连接词也可引导表语从句。（5）同位语从句同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。能接同位语从句的名词有：belief，fact，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，order，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought等。同位语从句一般用that引导，但也可以用连接代词(what，which，who)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)或whether引导。有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。（6）名词性从句的几个难点that通常不可省略的四种情况：I. 引导主语从句，that置于句首时不可省略。II. 当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。III. 在由it作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。IV. 引导表语从句和同位语从句时，that也不可省略。what与that的区别：what在从句中充当一定成分并且具有特定含义“的人(地方、东西)等”；that只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分并且也没有含义。状语从句命题规律考纲要求在复习状语从句中掌握如下几点：1.全面掌握状语从句的九大类别；2.根据历年高考试题，对状语从句的考点要进行全面的归纳，在九大类别中的考查热点中，重点把握在引导时间、地点、条件、让步、比较、原因状语从句的连词运用上；3.熟练运用出现频率较高让步状语从句和原因状语从句；4.做好易混词的辨析如：as， when， while等，时间状语从句因为连接词容易出现在一些常用结构里也经常出现；5. 掌握状语从句中的时态、语态、语气、省略；6.与其它从句、句型结合起来分析、辨析。状语从句基本考点：（1）时间状语从句 when 引导时间状语从句，意为“当时”，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。 while引导时间状语从句，意为“与同时，在期间”，从句常用延续性动词或状态动词。 as引导时间状语从句，意为“正当；一边一边；随着”等意思，表示两个动作同时发生。 as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when.和once这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一就”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。注意：no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when.的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。before/sincea. 表示“还未就；不到就；才；还没来得及就”。b. It will be一段时间before.“多久之后才”。c. since的常用句型：It is (has been) /was一段时间since(从句用一般过去时/过去完成时) until/till主句为肯定句时，谓语用延续性动词；主句为否定句时，谓语用非延续性动词。（2）地点状语从句 通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。 地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。 where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。（3）条件状语从句 通常由if“如果”， unless“如果不；除非”，as (so) long as“只要”，in case (that) “结果，万一”，once“一旦”，when“既然”等连词引导。由on condition (that)，provided (that)，providing (that) “倘若；假使”， supposing (that)，in case“如果”等引导的条件状语从句。（4）让步状语从句 让步状语从句可由although，though，as，while，even if (though)，whatever (wherever，whoever.)，whether.or.，no matter who (when，what.) 等引导。 while作“尽管”讲，引导让步状语从句时，往往放在句首。（5）原因状语从句和方式状语从句 原因状语从句通常由because，since，as，now that，seeing (that)，considering that等引导。 方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，常由as“像一样”， as if (though) “似乎，好像”等引导。（6）目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词主要有in order that，so that，for fear that “害怕，担心发生某事”， in case “以防”等。从句中常用may，might，can，could，should等情态动词。特殊句式命题规律从近几年高考试题来看，特殊句式主要考查倒装句、省略句和强调句的用法。特殊句式比较杂乱，掌握起来有一定的难度。其中倒装句是高考的热点，强调句是高考的难点。同时，祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用也是高考考查的重点项目。近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象，如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句，把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起，考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。特殊句式基本考点：（1）倒装句 完全倒装a. 表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首时，句子用完全倒装。b. 表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语连系动词主语”。 部分倒装a. only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。b. 否定副词never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首时。c. 当so/neither/nor位于句首时，可将其后的部分谓语置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。d. hardly.when.，no sooner.than.，not only.but also.等连接两个句子且hardly，no sooner，not only位于句首时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。e. 在so.that.和such.that.句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。f. as/though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形as/though主语其他。(though引导的从句也可用正常语序) （2）强调句型 强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。 强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前；特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词is/wasitthat从句”。 如果原句中含有“not.until”，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。 do/does/did强调句型：do/does/did只能对谓语进行强调，且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。（3）省略在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略。Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so与not分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。注意：用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid/glad/happy，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后边，但be动词后有助动词be 和 have时，be 和 have不能省略。【考例分析】【例1】 He was very tired fromdoing this for a whole day, _he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.【解析】but 句中very happy与very tired是转折关系，两句间是逗号且没有连词，故填连词but。【例2】So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much _ too little.”【例3】In the days when an ice cream cost much less, Tom, an 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop _ sat at a table.【解析】and 句中entered a hotel coffee shop和sat at a table是主语发出的两个并列的动作。【例4】Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to _ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.【解析】who 引导宾语从句且在从句中做主语，指人。【例5】 One day, he came up with an idea _he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.【解析】that引导同位语从句，说明idea的具体内容，从句意义完整且不缺句子成分。【例6】The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered _ the boy would do.【解析】what 引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语。【例7】Jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display.【解析】where 句子+句子，中间必填连接词；后句修饰前句，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。【例8】 He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _ had been his teacher.【解析】who/that 代替an elder，引导定语从句并在从句中做主语。【例9】Behind him were other people to _ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.【解析】whom 还原talk to sb.可知，用whom引导定语从句。【例10】We understand this lesson best _ we receive gifts of love from children.【解析】when 引导时间状语从句，表示“当时”。【例11】My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me _ the bus arrived.【解析】until/till 表示“一直到”。【例12】_ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.【方法总结】如何判断空格处应填连接词？(1) 并列连词：如果空格在两个或几个单词或短语之间，那么就可能填连词。(2) 主从复合句的连接词：如果两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，那么一定是填引导从句的连接词。体验高考 xx广东卷 语法填空（共10小题； 每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16-25的相应位置上。Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned _16_ farm, which looked almost abandoned. _17_ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearly _18_ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what _19_ (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass _20_ it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she _21_ (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnson tried to make a living _22_ the cow. In order to support his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees _23_ (sell) the wood. Thinking about his childrens clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _24_ people from the town met regularly. Now it occurred to _25_ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. 【解析】试题分析：这篇短文讲述的是Johnson先生一家人靠着农场里的奶牛维持生活，但是一次意外奶牛死了，Johnson先生不得不想其他办法继续生活。他一边种药草和蔬菜，一边砍树去集上卖木头。上帝在给他关上了一扇门的时候，又给他打开了一扇门。16. 句意：他拥有一个农场，这个农场看起来都快废弃了。a 是不定冠词，表示泛指一个，修饰可数名词单数。根据文意可知，Johnson先生和家人住在树林里，他拥有一个农场。故填a。17. 句意：幸运的是，他还有一头奶牛，每天都能产奶。luckily副词，幸运的是。根据文意可知，Johnson先生的农场很破旧，都快要废弃了。但是还有奶牛每天都产奶，能让他维持生存，所以这是一件幸运的事。这里用副词形式修饰整个句子18. 句意：他去附近的镇里卖牛奶，或是用牛奶来换其他的食物。本句话中exchange 的意思是交换，根据句意可知，Johnson先生用牛奶来换其他的食物。这里是用短语exchangefor，故填介词for。19. 句意：他去附近的镇里卖牛奶，或是用牛奶来换其他的食物，用剩下的牛奶制作奶酪和黄油。leave离开；剩下，留下。根据文意可知，Johnson先生一家靠农场里的奶牛产奶来生活。除去卖掉的和换其他食物的牛奶，剩下的他就用来制作奶酪和黄油。这里what was left是一个宾语从句，根据句意可知用被动语态。20. 句意：一天，奶牛正在吃草，这时突然开始下起大雨。when是并列连词，意思是正在这时。这句话使用的句型是be doing sth. when，正在做某事这时。21. 句意：在慌忙逃跑的时候，奶牛摔下了山死了。fall摔倒，掉下来，根据文意可知，这篇短文使用的是一般过去时态，故这里填过去式fell。22. 句意：牛奶死了，Johnson先生不得不继续生活。with和一起。根据文意可知，牛奶在慌忙躲雨的时候，不小心摔死了，因此Johnson先生就不得不没有了奶牛来生活。故填without。23. 句意：因为这些药草和蔬菜需要花费时间来生长，Johnson先生就开始砍树来卖木头。sell卖，销售。根据文意可知，Johnson先生一边种植药草和蔬菜，一边砍树去卖掉木柴。这里用动词不定式形式在句中做目的状语。【考点定位】语法填空。【名师点睛】主要考查学生在语篇理解的基础上的，在具体的语境中体现的语法内容。模拟新题精选1.【山西省山西大学附属中学xx届高三12月月考】语法填空 (每小题.1.5分，满分15 分） The British sense of humor differs from other countries _1_ it is generally more negative. When it es to _2_ (make) the British laugh, there is nothing _3_ effective than a socially inappropriate joke.Popular British edy shows such as Fawlty Towers, Blackadder and the Office are _4_(fill) of sarcasm (讽刺), teasing and self-deprecation (自嘲). It reflects the culture where mocking（嘲笑）, moaning（呻吟） and ridicule is part of everyday life. _5_ most British people dont take these jokes too _6_ (serious), foreigners are often puzzled by them. A recent survey found that most foreigners _7_ visited Britain found that the British are “arrogant (傲慢的)”, unfriendly and have almost no sense of humor. Do foreigners not understand British humor _8_ are the British just not so funny _9_ they think they are? McKinstry certainly thinks the British are funny. “Accusing the British _10_ having no sense of humor is like telling Rolls-Royce that its cars are down-market.【答案】1. because 2. making 3. more 4. full 5. while 6. seriously 7. who 8. or 9. as 10. of【解析】试题分析：1. because 考查连词辨析。句意：英式幽默和其他国家不一样，因为英式幽默通常都更加消极。上下文之间为因果关系。2. making 考查动名词结构。本句中的when it es to sth/doing sth当涉及到；其中的to是介词，后面要接名词或者动名词。3. more 考查比较级。本句中有介词than，可知应该使用比较级的形式more effective。4. full 考查形容词。形容词短语be full of充满；句意：Blackadder和 the office充满了讽刺，嘲弄和自嘲。5. while 考查连词。连词while尽管；句意：尽管大部分的英国人并没有严肃对待这些笑话，很多外国人对此很困惑。6. seriously 考查副词。固定搭配take sth seriously认真严肃地对待某事。其中的副词seriously修饰动词短语take it.7. who 考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是most foreigners，关系代词who指代先行词在句中做主语。8. or 考查连词。连词or表示选择关系，句意：是外国人不理解英国式的幽默还是英国人并不如他们认为的那么幽默？本句中使用or表示上下文中非此即彼的选择关系。考点：考查语法填空2. 【山东省淄博市xx届高三12月摸底】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 POLICE in Anderson，Northern California，US have been inspired by Bruce Lee kung fu movies to use 61 new weapon(武器)against bad guysnunchakus(双节棍) The police department in the town of about 10000 people plans to give 62 (it) nunchakus，according to The Los Angeles TimesTheyre basically 63 Bruce Lee used to take down bad guys in his movies The police department was looking for a tool that would limit 64 (injury)to officers and the people they arrestedbut that would still be all effective way to keep suspects 65 contro1Andersons top police officers decided nunchakus were the best 66 (choose)，said Sergeant Casey Day“It gives us the ability to control a suspect instead of 67 (strike)them，”he saidIf youve watched enough Bruce Lee movies you11 notice that he didnt use nunchakus 68 (contro1)his enemies，noted The Los Angeles TimesHe 69 (beat)them up with them. But the Anderson police say they can use nunchakus in a 70 (peace)way【答案】61. a 62. its63. what/those64. injuries65. under/in66. choice67. striking68. to control 69. beat 70. peaceful【解析】61. a 考查冠词。句意：在美国加州北部安德森的警察受到李小龙功夫的启发，用一种新型的武器来对抗坏人，双节棍。62. its考查代词。句意：这个有一万人的小镇上的警察部门打算他们双节棍。63. what/those 考查代词 句意：他们基本上就是电影中李小龙对抗敌人的东西。64. injuries考查名词。句意：警察局正在寻找一种工具，能保护减少对于长官和人们的伤害65. under/in 考查介词 。keep sb in control使某人受到控制；66. choice 考查名词。句意：安德森的高级警察决定双节棍是最好的选择。67. striking 考查动名词。句意：这能控制罪犯而不是撞击到他们。Instead of 中of是介词 ，后面加名词或动名词。68. to control考查动词的用法。Use sth to do 用某物去做某事； 69. beat 考查动词的时态。根据上一句话中提到noted The Los Angeles Times可知用一般过去时，beat的过去式就是原形。70. peaceful 考查形容词。句意：但安德森的警察说，他们会用一种和平的方式来用双节棍 考点 ：语法填空。3.【江西省九江市七校xx届高三第一次联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。Scientists are working hard to develop better aerials(天线)for mobile phones, a spokesman for Phikia Phones said today.“It really 1 (annoy) users when they lose the signal in the middle of a call , 2 we are developing new aerials that will enable users 3 (receive)stronger signals. Many users reported that when they 4 (travel),the signal was often lost” ,said the spokesman. The new aerials are designed to avoid losing the signal 5 receiving the message on a wider range of radio frequencies. “we have learnt that this is a major concern for phone users”, said the spokesman. The new phones have a 6 (flexibility) external aerial , which users will have to get used to 7 (touch) their ear or head. The aerials that make the phones able to pick up a wider range of signals. The pany spokesman insisted 8 this was not a potential danger. “Every safety regulation has been followed”, he told our reporter.“If I 9 (have)one of these phones this morning, I wouldnt have missed my train ing here”, 10 (joke) the spokesman.【答案】1.annoys2.so3.to receive4.were traveling5.By6.flexible7. touching8.that9. had had10.joked4.were traveling考查时态。根据when可知这里用过去进行时，所以用were traveling。5.By考查介词。根据句意可知这里的介词意思应是通过，所以用by。6.flexible考查形容词。根据后文aerial可知前文用形容词修饰名词，所以用flexible。7.touching考查动名词。get used to中的to是介词，所以用动名词，所以用touching。8.that考查代词。that指代后面的一句话，所以用that。9. had had考查时态。这里是虚拟语气，所以用过去完成时，所以用 had had。10.joked考查时态。这里是过去时态，所以用joked。4.【甘肃省西北师范大学附属中学xx届高三下学期第五次诊断】语法填空：共 10 题 每题 1 分 共 10 分 One day a farmers donkey fell down into a well. The animal cried piteously 1 hours as the farmer tried to figure out what to do. Finally, he decided the animal was old, and the well needed 2 (cover) up anyway; it just wasnt worth 3 to save the donkey.He invited all his neighbors to e over and help him. They all grabbed a shovel(铲) and began to shovel dirt into the well. At first, the donkey realized 4 was happening and cried horribly. Then, to everyones amazement, he quieted down. A few shovel loads later, the farmer finally looked down the well. He 5 (astonish) at what he saw. With each shovel of dirt _ 6 _ hit his back, the donkey was doing something 7 (amaze). He would shake it off and take a step up.8 the farmers neighbors continued to shovel dirt on top of the animal; he would shake it off and take a step up. Pretty soon, everyone was amazed as the donkey stepped up over 9 edge of the well and happily ran off!Each of our troubles is a stepping stone. We can get out of the deepest wells just 10 not giving up! Shake it off and take a step up.试题分析：这是一篇励志故事。主人决定将掉过井里的驴子用土埋掉。驴子以土为台阶，最后走出井外，得以自救。【答案】1for2.covering/to be covered3.it4.what5.was astonished6.that/which7.amazing8.as9.the10.by【解析】试题分析：这是一篇励志故事。主人决定将掉入井里的驴子用土埋掉，驴子以土为台阶，最后走出井外，得以自救。1for 考查介词。for hours指“几个小时”2.covering/to be covered考查非谓语动词。表示“需要被”既可以接不定式的被动式，又可以接ing形式的主动式。3.it考查代词。句型be worth it to do指“值得做”。4.what考查宾语从句。what在从句中作主语。5.was astonished考查谓语动词。对感惊讶：be astonished at6.that/which考查定语从句。关系代词that/which在从句中作主语7.amazing考查形容词作后置定语。something amazing意为令人惊讶的事情。考点：考查介词及其短语、代词、冠词、形容词、名词性从句、非谓语动词的用法5.【安徽省合肥一中、芜湖一中等六校教育研究会xx届高三第一次联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tuan was a farmer in Vietnam. For decades, he had been struggling to rid his family of hunger.However, it always confused him 1 to expand the output of his crops. This 2 (disturb)problem led to his regretting being a farmer. He would rather have chosen 3 job. One day, when skimming through a newspaper, Tuan read 4 ment on Yuan Longping. He underlined Yuans nationality and occupation, and then 5 (focus) on his discovery and the statistics of his research. He found the knowledge Yuan circulated very 6 (practice). Therefore, he made a summary and began to build up a new farming method. He planted super grain of rich nutrition and equipped 7 (he) to keep his crop roots free of bacteria and pests. He also enriched minerals in the soil while 8 (reduce) chemical fertilizers. Though it cost him more time and freedom, he was full of hope.The next year, Tuan was sunburnt 9 satisfied with his production very much. Thanks to YuanLongping, he not only won the battle 10 hunger, but he could also export his crops abroad.【答案】1.how2.disturbing3.another4.a5.focused6.practical7.himself8.reducing9.but10.against【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了越南农民Tuan受到袁隆平故事的激励而努力研制农业