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句子成分,组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分：,1. 主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明是“什么人” ， “ 什么事”.通常由名词,代词,动词不定式,动名词来充当.,1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard. 3.To learn a foreign language is not easy. 4.Playing football after school is great fun.,主,谓,宾,定,状,补,表,2.谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由动词充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.,1.they work very hard. 2.Tom feels much better now. (系动词:表示状态,后面往往接形容词 seem get is am are sound smell look become),情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.,They can speak English well. They are playing over there.,3. 表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.,My sister is a nurse. The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful . To see is to believe .,3.宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在及物动词或介词后面.由名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词和宾语从句构成.,1.We study English. 2.I saw him yesterday. 3.He wanted to have a pen. 4.She likes playing basketball. 5.Our teacher said that he would go there.,双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。 He gave me two books.,4.定语:用来修饰名词或代词的词.形容词, 形容词性物主代词,名词,不定式,介词短语, 不定代词等. This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book.,5.状语:说明动作或状态特征修饰用来修饰动 词,形容词,副词或整个句子.副词,介词短语,动 词不定式,以及 after, when, as soon as , until, if, before等引起的从句.,You are quite right. They often draw in the park. We came here in order to learn English. If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.,6. 宾补：补充说明宾语。(宾语和宾补 之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）,宾语+ 宾补叫复合宾语，复合宾语有以 下几种类型： 1 名词（代词）+ 不定式 2 名词（代词）+ 分 词 3 名词（代词）+ 名 词 4 名词 （代词）+ 形容词,1 名词（代词）+ 不定式 John asked me to help him. Let him go home. I saw her come out of the room.,名词（代词）+ 分词 （现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动）,I found him standing at the gate . She could feel her heart beating violently. He spoke slowly in order to make himself understood. He spoke loudly in order to make himself heard.,名词（代词）+ 名词 （作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加the.),They appointed her head of the English Department. They made him captain of the ship .,名词（代词）+ 形容词 We must keep the room clean. We found her busy. I found the story interesting.,简单句的五种基本句型,1 主语+谓语（不及物动词）（S+Vi型）,He came. She dances.,2 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(S+Vt+O),I saw her. They like watching TV.,3 主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+Vt+IO+DO) (IO indirect),I gave her a book. She showed her friends all the pictures.,4 主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P),I am a student. She looks very young.,5 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (S+Vt+O+OC),I asked Mary to help me. We call our headmaster a wise man.,Thank you,
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