2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 科普环保类阅读理解选编（3）.doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 科普环保类阅读理解选编（3）xx高考英语阅读练习科普环保类For as long as they can remember Jynne Martin and April Surgent had both dreamed of going to AntarcticaThis winter，they each made it to the icy continent as guests of the National Science Foundation(NSF)Bm they didnt go as scientistsMartin is a poet and Surgent is an artistThey went to Antarctica as participantsin the NSFs Artists and Writers programThe NSF is thegovernment agency that funds scientific research in AntarcticaBut it also makes it possible for artists，including filmmakers and musicians，to experience Antarctica and contribute their own points of view to our understanding of the continent. The mixing of science and art in Antarctica isnt newSome of the earliest explorersbrought along painters and photographersEdward Wilson was a British painter，doctor，and bird expert who journeyed with RobertFalcon Soott on two separate Antamtic expeditionsmore than 100 years agoHerbert Ponting was a photographer who also acpanied Scott on one of those expeditionsIn hundreds of photos，Pontingcaptured the beauty of the continentand recorded the daily lives and heroic struggles of the explorersTodays scientists write articles forscientificjournalsUnlike theearly explorersjournals，scientific papers can now be very difficult for non-scientists to understandWriters in Antarctica workto explain the research to the publicPeter Rejcek is editor，writer，and photographer for the Antarctic Sun，an onlinemagazine devoted to news about the USAntarctic ProgramRejeck began his career in the Antarctic in 2003 by spending a year at the South PoleHe has returned everyyear since，interviewing，scientists about research at Palmer，McMurdo，and South Pole stations There are also scientists in Antarctica who work hardto explain their research to the publicScientist Diane McKnight wrote The Lost Seal，a childrens book that explains the research she and others are doing in an unusual ice-free area in Antarctica called the Dry Valleys Antarctica is full of stories and wonders that are scientific，historicand personal. People such as Martin，Surgent，Rejcek，and McKnight are devoted to bringing those storiesto asmany peopleare they can.“Some people are going to be scientists，some people are goingto be journalists，some people are going to be artists，but we can all work together，saysSurgent,“tocelebrate，thisextraordinary place”【小题1】What do we know about the NSF? AIt is a government agencyBIt only funds scientists in AntarcticaCIt encourages the understanding of human natureDIt enables the mixing of science and art for the first time【小题2】Why didnt some earliest explorers bring writers along? AWriters were not funded at that timeBWriting cant capture the beauty of the continentCWriters were not interested in popularizing scienceDEarly explorersjournals can be easily understood by the public【小题3】By mentioning Diane McKnight，the author may try to suggest that_ Ascientists should explain their research to childrenBwriters are not necessary since scientists can tell stories as wellCtelling stories to children is more important than knowing the truthDno matter what role we play，we can work together to appreciate Antarctica【小题4】What would be the best title for this article? AAntarctica：A Land for AllBThe NSF：A Program for AllCAntarctica：A Land of Beauty and StoriesDThe NSF：A Program for Artists and Scientists xx高考英语阅读练习科普环保类Australias koalas could be dying out within 30 years, unless urgent measures is taken to stop the losing in population, according to researchers. They say development, climate change and bushfires have all related to reduce the number of wild koalas sharply. The Australian Koala Foundation said a recent survey showed the population could have dropped by more than half in the past six years. Previous estimates put the number of koalas at more than 100,000, but the latest figures suggest there could now be as few as 43,000. The foundation collected field data from 1,800 sites and 80,000 trees to calculate the numbers. In one area in northern Queensland estimated to have 20,000 koalas a decade ago, a team of eight people could not find a single animal in four days of searching. The foundation said besides problems caused by cutting down forests, hotter and drier conditions because of global warming had reduced the nutritional(营养的)value of their staple food, eucalyptus leaves, leading to poor nutrition for them. Koalas, which live in the forests in Australias east and south, are very particular about what types of the leaves they eat.Foundation chief Deborah Tabart said: “The koalas are missing everywhere we look. Its really no tree, no me. If you keep cutting down trees you dont have any koalas.”She is hoping the new figures will persuade the governments Threatened Species Steering mittee (TSSC) to list the koala as threatened. But mittee chairman Bob Beeton said a decision was not likely recently and the koalas status as one of the countrys favorite animals would not be a factor. “Theres a number of species which are attractive and people have special feelings towards them. We dont consider that,” Mr. Beeton was reported as saying by the AFP agency.【小题1】The writer gives the example of the area in northern Queensland in Paragraph 3 to show that _. Athe environment is being polluted seriouslyBthe number of koalas is dropping quicklyCthe forests are being damaged heavilyDkoalas usually live in wild mountainous areas【小题2】Global warming is an important cause of koalas reduction because _. Athe leaves koalas eat are losing nutritional valueBkoalas cannot get enough water to drinkCkoalas can hardly stand the hot weatherDthe leaves koalas eat cannot grow in hot weather【小题3】According to Bob Beeton, _. Athey neednt pay special attention to koalasBa decision will be made to protect koalasCkoalas are his favorite animalsDkoalas neednt be protected at all阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。 (xx山东，D)Sparrow is a fast food chain with 200 restaurants. Some years ago, the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another pany. Although Sparrow showed no sigh of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state. With more and more fastfood concepts reaching the market, the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention. And to make matters worse, its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required. Sparrow failed to grow for another two years, until a new CEO, Carl Pearson decided to build up its market share. He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fastfood chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand. The chains owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcys restaurants. Pearson resisted, arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun. Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a pany and the general public was unusual for that time. Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success, rather than customers spending power. Finally, the owner accepted his idea. The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fastfood industry. The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars. Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, the intention was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers. Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new sparrow image. For example, he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover (营业额)These efforts paid off, and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fastfood chains in the regions where it operated. 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，描述了Sparrow迅速成为了经营地区最成功的快餐连锁店的整个过程。16Which was one of the problems Sparrow faced before Pearson became CEO? AThe number of its customers was declining. BIts customers found the food unhealthy. CIt was in need of financial support.DMost of its restaurants were closed. 答案：C细节理解题。从第一段的最后一句“its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.”可知Sparrow缺乏的是资金。17What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to? ACustomers of Sparrow restaurants. BSparrow restaurants. CCustomers of other fastfood chains.DOther fastfood chains. 答案：D词义猜测题。我们从画线词所在句“while customers of other fastfood chains were unwilling to turn away from them.”可知，这里的while表示对比，其他快餐店中的顾客不愿意离开，这里是指从其他的快餐店离开，故选D。18For what purpose did Pearson start the advertising campaign?ATo build a good relationship with the public. BTo stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow. CTo learn about customers spending power. DTo meet the challenge from Marcys restaurants. 答案：A细节理解题。从文章第三段的“arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun”中可知，这场战役的目的是让Sparrow餐厅与大众搞好关系，故选A。19The TV ads of Sparrow _.Achanged peoples views on pop starsBamused the public with original songsCfocused on the superiority of its productsDinfluenced the eating habits of the audience 答案：B细节理解题。从文章第四段的“the TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars. Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, the intention was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.”可知，广告歌曲为原创且目的是和大众搞好关系，故选B。20What was Pearsons achievement as a CEO? AHe managed to pay off Sparrows debts. BHe made Sparrow much more petitive. CHe helped Sparrow take over a pany. DHe improved the welfare of Sparrow employees. 答案：B细节理解题。从文章最后一段的“These efforts paid off, and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fastfood chains in the regions where it operated.”可知，Pearson的努力获得了回报，使得餐厅业绩上升，变得更有竞争力，故选B。题型2 高考模拟题组阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(xx西城区二模，A)Hi, Im Michael J. Lindell, Inventor, Manufacturer, and President of My Pillow Corporation. Years ago, like you, I found myself extremely frustrated with my pillow going flat. Most pillows are designed to break down. I would wake up in the morning with a sore arm, my neck would hurt, my fingers would be numb, and I would toss and turn all night not knowing why. I tried many different pillows on the market and none of them worked. So, I started to research pillows and study sleep disorders. I was determined to create the worlds healthiest, most fortable, and strongest pillow. My Pillow uses our unique, patented medical fill that stays cool, corresponds to your exact individual needs regardless of sleep position, and stays healthy for your full 10year guarantee. It is nonallergic, and you can wash and dry it as easily as your favorite jeans.My Pillow is not available in stores. I have spent the last seven years selling My Pillow facetoface at fairs, expos and events. Hundreds of experts and medical doctors carry and remend them for their patients. I have been featured on medical talk shows that air around the world. I have sold hundreds of thousands of pillows and have received great gratitude from satisfied customers regarding how My Pillow has changed their lives and provided a more fortable, restful sleep.And, My Pillow es in different sizes and is fit for your size and sleeping pattern. So you can be assured that you will have the most fortable pillow for you.I truly believe it is the best pillow in the world and that if everyone had one and got better sleep, the world would be a much nicer place.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了自己研发的枕头My Pillow。这种枕头使用独特的获得专利的药品当作填充物，能够保持凉爽，该枕头有各种尺寸，适合各种睡姿，另外，也可以随便拆洗烘干。My Pillow有着很好的销路，同时也获得了购买者的一致好评。1What makes My Pillow unique?AIt is easily washed and dried.BIt suits your sleeping position.CIt contains special cooling medicine.DIt helps you stay healthy for 10 years.答案：C细节理解题。根据文章第一段倒数第二句“My Pillow uses our unique, patented medical fill that stays cool. of sleep position”可知，这种枕头使用独特的、获得专利的药品当作填充物，从而能够保持凉爽。故答案选C。2Where can people probably buy My Pillow?AAt fairs. BIn stores. CIn markets. DOn the Internet.答案：A细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“I have spent. at fairs, expos and events.”可知，答案选A。3What is the authors purpose in writing this article?ATo introduce a fortable pillow.BTo encourage people to buy My Pillow.CTo give some advice on sleeping problems.DTo tell us how to select a fortable pillow.答案：B写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了作者自己研发的枕头的特别之处以及功效，还有购买者的反馈，说明作者在鼓励人们购买这种枕头。故答案选B。