四六级翻译练习和答案

四六级翻译练习和答案汉译英专项练习一、倍数增减的表示法  51) Force N1 _(比力 N2 大 2.5 倍).is 2.5 times greater than Force N2（考点：倍数 + 形容词/副词比较级  + than）2) This substance _(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).reacts three times as fast as the other one（考点：倍数 + as + 形容词/ 副词 + as）3) The earth _(是月球大小的 49 倍).is 49 times the size of the moon（考点：倍数 + 名词）4) The landlord _(想将租金提高三分之一).wants to raise the rent by a third（考点：动词 + by + 数词/百分比/ 倍数）5) They _(计划将投资增加一倍).plan to double their investment（考点：double + 名词）二、时态  61) Be quick, _(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church（考点：将来完成时）2) When she got home, _(孩子们已经睡着了).the children had fallen asleep （考点：过去完成时）3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _(我姐姐将在海边度假).my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside（考点：将来进行时）4) I_(一上午都在修改我的简历 ).have been revising my resume all the morning（考点：现在完成进行时）5) Do you often go on holiday? _(不，我已经有五年没有度假了).No. It has been five years since I went on holiday（考点：It has been since sb. did  sth. 表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了）6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _(他参军已五年了 ).He has been in the army for 5 years（考点：1. 现在完成时；2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间）三、被动语态  51) The blackboard and chalk _(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).is being replaced by the computer and the projector（考点：被动语态的现在进行时）2) The book _(到今年年底就将已出版).will have been published by the end of this year（考点：被动语态的将来完成时）3) Computer models _(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).    can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work（考点：1. 被动语态与情态动词联用;  2. 汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动, 要译成英语的被动语态）4) When the bill of fare was brought, _(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料).I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated（考点：同“3”的考点 2）5) _(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy  storms.Effective measures must be taken immediately（考点：汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态）四、情态动词  51) The phone is ringing, _(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).but there is no answer. She cant be at home（考点：情态动词可以表示可能性，cant 表示“一定不”）2) I cant find my sunglasses. _(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday（考点：“情态动词 can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示对过去发生的动作的主观判断）3) You screamed in your sleep last night. _(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了).You must have dreamed of something terrible（考点：同上）4) Its a pity. _(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的).You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony（考点：“情态动词 should/ought to + have done” 用于评论过去应该做而实际并未做的动作，含有批评的意思）5) _(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.I neednt have put on my best suit to go to the party（考点：“情态动词 neednt + have + done”表示对过去发生的动作进行评论，认为“无须发生”， “不必做”)五、虚拟语气  221) I wish _(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).I had had your opportunities when I was young（考点：I wish 后的 that 从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望）2) If only _(他知道这病是可以治好的 )! Then he would not have killed himself.he had known this disease is curable（考点：If only 引导的感叹句表示“但愿” 或“要是就好了” ，用法与 I wish基本相同）3) Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars? Id rather he _(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰 ).painted it blue, and without any decorations（考点：would rather 后的 that 从句中用过去式表示不是事实）4) Its high time that _(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams（考点：Its (about/high) time 后的 that 从句中用过去式，表示 “该是的时候了”）5) Hugh usually talks _(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly（考点：as if / as though 引导的从句中用过去式表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑）6) We insist that _(让杰克立刻进医院).Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的宾语从句通常用“(that)  sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式）7) It was advised that _(在居民区设立更多的流动商店).more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的主语从句通常用“(that)  sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式）8) His proposal was that _(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题).they (should) set up a special board/committee to examine this problem（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的表语从句通常用“(that)  sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式）9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _(取消期中考试).the mid-term exams (should) be canceled（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的同位语从句通常用“(that)  sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式）10) It is ridiculous that _(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水).we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining（考点：在 It is/was +形容词后的 that 从句中常用“sb.  should do”的形式表示建议惊奇等。这类形容词常见的有：advisable,  anxious, desirable, essential, important, impossible, improper, necessary, proper, urgent, vital, ）11) It is essential that _(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备).everyone (should) be prepared for emergency（考点：同上）12) _(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.If he had booked tickets in the way I told him（考点：在非真实条件句中用过去完成式表示与过去的事实相反）13) I was to have made a speech _(要不是有人把我的话打断了). if I had not been interrupted（考点：同上）14) It didnt rain last night. _(要是下了，地就会湿的).If it had rained, the ground would be wet（考点：在非真实条件句中，当主句与从句表示的动作不是同时发生时，就根据情况用适当的谓语动词形式） 15) _(如果我一直住在纽约), I  would know the U.S. well now.If I had been living in New York（考点：同上）16) If the doctor had not come in time, _(他现在就不在人间了 ).he would be dead now（考点：同上）17) But for his help, _(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).we could not have rent a house at such a low price（考点：but for 经常作为非真实条件句中 if 的代用语）18) I used my calculator; _(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题).otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this question    （考点：otherwise 也经常作为非真实条件句中 if 的代用语）19) Were I in your place, _(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).I would seize the opportunity without hesitation（考点：在非真实条件句中如果有 were, had, should 这三个词，可以省去 if，采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件）20) Had it not been for their opposition, _(这项法案早就通过了 ).this act would have been passed much earlier（考点：同上）21) Should there be another world war, _(人类的继续存在就会有危险).the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy（考点：同上）22) He walked lightly _(以免惊醒婴儿).lest he should awaken the baby（考点：lest (以免) 引导的从句通常用 sb. should do 的形式表示虚拟）六、不定式  101) It was a great achievement _(10 个月建成一栋 24 层的楼).to complete a 24-story building in 10 months（考点：不定式作主语时常用 it 作形式主语放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移到谓语后面） 2) It is necessary _(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉).for us to have a good nights sleep before the test（考点：有时用“介词 for + 代词/名词” 来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential 等）3) It is generous _(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民).of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area（考点：有时用“介词 of + 代词/ 名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人，常用的形容词有：bold, brave, careful, careless, cruel, foolish, generous, honest, kind, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong）4) The teacher decided _(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生).not to punish those students who had been late for class（考点：1. 用不定式结构作 decide 的宾语；2.不定式的否定形式是在 to 前加 not）能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：afford, attempt, beg, decide, forget, intend, manage, mean, offer, prefer, promise, ）5) Mr. Green was wondering _ (是否去看望在法国的儿子 ).whether to visit their son in France（考点：“疑问词+不定式”作动词 wonder 的宾语。6) The gardener _(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水).warned me just now not to water flowers at noon（考点：不定式作宾语补语）7) We _(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座).invited him to give us a lecture on modern art（考点：同上）8) He feels it challenging _(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席).to be the chairman of students union in so large a university（考点：动词 + it + 形容词/名词 + 不定式。it 是形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语） 9) We hope to have more opportunities _(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践).to apply what we have learned in class to practice（考点：不定式作定语）10) The bad weather _(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划).ruined our plan to show the film in the open air（考点：同上）七、分词  91) This is the first time that I heard _(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”).“Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian（考点：分词作宾语补语）2) The cars _(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed. parked in the fire lane（考点：分词作定语）3) The war went on for years, _(夺去了成千上万人的生命).killing thousands upon thousands of people（考点：分词作结果状语）4) The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _(将平均产量提高了 15%).raising the average yield by 15 percent（考点：同上）5) Einstein watched the toy in delight, _(想推导出它的运转原理).trying to deduce its operating principle（考点：分词作伴随状语） 6) _(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书),  we stopped talking and began to study.Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book（考点：分词作原因状语）7) _(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了), they decided to pay for  his education.Deeply moved by the boys deeds（考点：同上）8) _(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看),  Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.Seen from the eyes of a young friend（考点：分词作方式状语）9) _(好久没有收到父母的来信了), he was worried about them.Not having heard from his parents for a long time（考点：1. 分词作原因状语；2.分词的否定形式；3.现在分词的完成式）八、动名词  61) _(每天洗冷水澡) does  him a lot of good.Taking a cold bath every day（考点：动名词作主语）2) They tried to avoid _(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情 ).making their daughter do what she didnt like to do（考点：动名词作动词的宾语）    3) Developing varieties is the key to _(使我们的产品进入国际市场).getting our goods into the international market（考点：动名词作介词的宾语）4) It is no use _(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣).crying over spilled milk考点：动名词用于固定结构。5) He denied_(偷看了同桌的试卷).having peeked at his neighbors test paper（考点：动名词的完成式）6) We congratulated her on _(被提升为经理).being promoted to manager（考点：动名词的被动式）九、非谓语动词用法区别  101) Success means _(非常努力地工作).working very hard.（考点：mean 表示“ 意味着”）2) John meant _(开车去那儿，但他的车出了故障).to drive there, but his car broke down（考点：mean 表示“ 打算”）3) I heard him _(在跟他的母亲谈话). talking to his mother（考点：强调正在进行）    4) I heard him _(跟他的母亲谈了一个小时).talk to his mother for an hour（考点：强调整个过程）5) He jumped into the pool to save the child _(结果却摔断了自己的腿).only to break his own leg（考点：意料之外的结果） 6) He jumped from the burning house, _(摔断了双腿). breaking his legs（考点：意料之中的结果）7) He was happy _(看到父母很健康). to see his parents in good health（考点：不定式作原因状语位于句末）8) _(看到父母安然无恙), he issued a sigh of relief.Seeing his parents safe and sound（考点：分词作原因状语位于句首）9) _(跟随着它的脚印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.Following its footprints（考点：现在分词强调主动）10) The pop, _(后面跟着两个保镖),  came to meet his fans.followed by two body guards（考点：过去分词强调被动）十、名词从句  11    1) _(他们为什么离开家乡去云南) is still a secret. Why they left their hometown for Yunnan（考点：主语从句）2) _(最让我不解的) was  that he spoke English so well.What confused me most（考点：同上）3) _(这么做是故意的) became  obvious.That this was done on purpose（考点：同上）4) It is not clear yet _(谁应该为这件事负责).who should be responsible for this matter（考点：较长的主语从句可以后置，用 it 作形式主语）5) It is none of your business _(玛丽与谁订婚).whom Mary is engaged to（考点：同上）6) Dont put off till tomorrow _(今天能做的事 ).what can be done today（考点：宾语从句）7) This novel is just _(我一直在寻找的).what I have been looking for（考点：表语从句）8) It is not yet known _(机器人是否有一天能拥有象人一样的视力).    whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision（考点：whether/if 引导后置的主语从句）9) _(她是否喜欢那个礼物) is not  clear to me.Whether she likes the present（考点：whether 引导前置的主语从句）10) Finally, the workers got an answer _(政府做不了什么事来提高他们工资).that the Government could do nothing to raise their wages（考点：同位语从句）11) Obviously, there was little certainty _(主席会同意他的提议).that the chairman would agree to this proposal（考点：同上）十一、定语从句 41) Everyday many tourists come to visit _(鲁迅出生的那栋房子). the house where Lu Xun was born（考点：先行词为地点，定语从句通常由 where 引导）2) The old lady died _(在她儿子到达的那天).on the day when his son arrived（考点：先行词为时间，定语从句通常由 when 引导） 3) This is _(我赞成这一改革的理由).the reason why I am in favor of this reform（考点：先行词为 reason，定语从句通常由 why 引导）4) Some of the roads were flooded, _(这使我们的旅程更为艰难). which made our journey more difficult（考点：非限制性定语从句） 十二、状语从句  41) _(不管我们谈论什么), Jim brings polities into the discussion.Whatever we talk about（考点：让步状语从句） 2) _(不管观众中的一些人如何使劲地难为他), the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply.However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him3) We climbed high _(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景).so that we might get a better view（考点：目的状语从句）4) You can go out _(只要你答应晚上 11 点以前回来).as long as you promise to be back before 11 at night（考点：条件状语从句）十三、比较级最高级  41) Does she dance _(跟她姐姐一样地优美)?as gracefully as her sister（考点：同级比较）2) The buildings look _(在伦敦比在这儿难看得多).far uglier in London than here（考点：用副词或词组来修饰比较级）    3) This is _(他画的最好的画之一).one of the best pictures that he has ever painted（考点：最高级）4) The higher you climb, _(空气就越稀薄 ).the thinner the air becomes（考点：“越越” 结构）十四、倒装句  51) Scarcely had she fallen asleep _(一阵敲门声就把她吵醒 ).when a knock at the door awakened her（考点：Hardly/  Scarcely when结构）2) No sooner had Anne arrived _(就生病了 ).than she fell ill（考点：No soonerthan结构）3) The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _(他妻子也没说一句欢迎的话).Nor did the wife say a word of welcome.（考点：nor 表示“后者与前者一样地不”）4) Only then _(那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术 ).did the doctor realize that his patient needed surgery（考点：only 引导的状语位于句首，句子倒装）5) Only when you adjust down your price _(我们才能做成这笔买卖).can we conclude the business （考点：同上）十五、强调句  51) _(正是 Jefferson 写下了) the Declaration of Independence.It was Jefferson who wrote（考点：强调主语）2) _(作者是带着真挚的情感)praises  all that is progressive.It is with genuine feeling that the author（考点：强调状语）3) _(正是因为水涨了)we  could not cross the river.It was because the water had risen that（考点：强调状语从句）4) _(人们听见正是 Jim 这个无情的家伙) shouting at his mother in the dead of night.It was Jim, the heartless fellow, who was heard（考点：强调主语）5) _(直到我告诉她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.It was not until I told her that（现象题）Jobs for Graduates提纲： 1. 工作难找（现象） 2. 原因 3. 解决方法Nowadays there is an increasing concern over the issue of the jobs for graduates. Students find it hard to look for a work. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to realize that it is not easy to seek good positions for the graduates.Why should this phenomenon take place? There are generally three factors accounting for it.First of all, there are not enough jobs for so many graduates, obviously.（副词法） At the second place, the students are good at their specialized subjects, but lack of working experience.（减法句） Last but not least, the needs of company such as English standard, computer skills, etc. cant be met by the students. （被动法）Think into account all the analyses above, we may confidently come to the conclusion that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation. The government should encourage business startups. This should create more position for the young man. On the other hand, Universities should provide opportunities for students to improve their English standard and computer skills. In addition, enterprises should offer more Job Internship for the graduates. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.作文顺序： 1. 审题，阅读提纲 2. 列出套用万能句/模板 3. 列出高频词换词表、逻辑词 4. 行文（保证正确率原则，每段首句体现提纲主旨，使用齐头式行文） 5. 复查（谓语及名词单复数、时态一致性）换词： 工作：job, work, position, post大学生：graduates,  students, young man难：difficult, not easy, hard找：find, seek, look for套用万能句： Nowadays there is an increasing concern of the jobs for graduates.Now people in growing numbers are beginning to realize that it is not easy to seek good positions for the graduates.Why should this phenomenon take place? There are generally three factors accounting for it.Think into account all the analyses above, we may confidently come to the conclusion that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.（80 words）逻辑词： First of allAt the second placeLast but not leastOn the other handIn addition构句法： 1. 加法句（,and） 2. 减法句（but however） 3. 副词法（obviously ） 4. 被动法 5. 换而言之（In other words）（正反观点题）the Importance of a Name提纲： 1. 有人认为名字重要 2. 有人认为不重要 3. 我的观点Recently, importance of a name has become the focus of the society. Every coin has two sides, and this issue is no exception. Everyone has his own view.Those people who think that name is important may have their reasons. First of all, a person is born with his name given by his parents. And the name will be with him through his life. At the second place, name is a symbol of a man. So, name is important, certainly.Others dont agree. They argue that name is not important. In their opinion, name is just a word, and it can be changed by them, if they want. So they believe name is not important.Whos right? As far as I concerned, name is surely important. So, it is high time that we placed great emphasis on this issue. “To be, or not to be? Thats a question.”(by W William Shakespeare, 1564-1616) It is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation that someone think the name is not important.行文注意事项： 1. 每段首句体现提纲 2. 观点段尾句总结 3. 添加首段引出话题（名人名言题）Haste  Makes Waste（欲速则不达）Haste makes waste. This is a proverb full of logic. It tells us that the understanding of “patience” is the key to success in all fields of activity. On the contrary, to do something with no patience is to bring ruins upon oneself.Examples can be easily found to make a case for this proverb. For one thing, take the study of English for an example. Only patience can enable us to study English well. Such as spell words correctly and master the rules of grammar. Another good example is sports. Patience is the only way to become stronger and run faster. Besides, in team games patience is what improves our sense of cooperation and helps the team to win. Even a students scholarship is preceded by hard work.To sum up, there can be no achievement which is not based on the understanding of this proverb. Otherwise, if you cannot be patient, you will have less chance.行文注意事项： 一三段模板，第二段举例（图表）Population in a Small IslandNowadays, there is a general discussion about the issue of population. As could be seen from the chart, great changes had been taken place in the population in the small island. There were an increasing number of people in the small island.A number of factors were responsible for this. For one thing, the environment of the island was better than before, and more and more people come and live there. For another, making babies were encouraged by the government. In addition, the hospitals in the island were better than before, obviously. Therefore, there were more and more people in the island.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that the number of population will keep increasing. So, it is high time that we placed great emphasis on the population in the small island. There is little doubt that further attention must be paid to the issue. It is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation.行文注意事项： 首段引出话题，一句话描述图表。二段分析原因。三段预测未来。注意时态。作文模版精华模版 1    some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点 1. but other people take an opposite side. they firmly believe that 观点 2. as for me, i agree to the former/latter idea.    there are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. first of all, 论据 1.    more importantly, 论据 2.    most important of all, 论据 3.    in summary, 总结观点. as a college student, i am supposed to 表决心.    或 f